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PTCH1
Identifiers
Aliases	PTCH1, BCNS, HPE7, NBCCS, PTC, PTC1, PTCH, PTCH11, patched 1
External IDs	OMIM: 601309; MGI: 105373; HomoloGene: 223; GeneCards: PTCH1; OMA:PTCH1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (human)
End	95,517,057 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 13 (mouse)
End	63,721,412 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	tibia; ; spinal ganglia; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; sural nerve; ; pylorus; ; sperm; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; cardia; ; internal globus pallidus; ; endometrium;
	Top expressed in
	upper jaw; ; Gonadal ridge; ; tooth; ; molar; ; vas deferens; ; migratory enteric neural crest cell; ; lobe of cerebellum; ; sciatic nerve; ; hair follicle; ; dermis;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	heparin binding; smoothened binding; cholesterol binding; patched binding; protein binding; hedgehog receptor activity; hedgehog family protein binding; cyclin binding; protein-containing complex binding;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; endocytic vesicle membrane; dendritic growth cone; Golgi apparatus; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; postsynaptic density; membrane; plasma membrane; axonal growth cone; midbody; ciliary membrane; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; caveola; cilium; nucleus;
Biological process	pattern specification process; renal system development; neural plate axis specification; response to estradiol; limb morphogenesis; negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway; response to organic cyclic compound; response to retinoic acid; glucose homeostasis; embryonic organ development; cell proliferation involved in metanephros development; negative regulation of multicellular organism growth; protein processing; response to mechanical stimulus; heart morphogenesis; epidermal cell fate specification; in utero embryonic development; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; hindlimb morphogenesis; negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity; negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation; mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation; somite development; cellular response to cholesterol; regulation of protein localization; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; mammary gland duct morphogenesis; mammary gland development; neural tube patterning; regulation of smoothened signaling pathway; branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis; neural tube closure; brain development; keratinocyte proliferation; negative regulation of cell division; smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning; regulation of cell population proliferation; embryonic limb morphogenesis; positive regulation of cholesterol efflux; regulation of mitotic cell cycle; negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; epidermis development; animal organ morphogenesis; cell differentiation involved in kidney development; cell fate determination; response to chlorate; regulation of growth; smoothened signaling pathway; dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning; spinal cord motor neuron differentiation; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation; dorsal/ventral pattern formation; neural tube formation; signal transduction; negative regulation of cell population proliferation; pharyngeal system development; prostate gland development; commissural neuron axon guidance; protein localization to plasma membrane; liver regeneration;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5727
	19206
	ENSG00000185920
	ENSMUSG00000021466
	Q13635
	Q61115
NM_000264; NM_001083602; NM_001083603; NM_001083604; NM_001083605;
	NM_001083606; NM_001083607; NM_001354918; NM_001354919
	NM_008957; NM_001328514
NP_000255; NP_001077071; NP_001077072; NP_001077073; NP_001077074;
	NP_001077075; NP_001077076; NP_001341847; NP_001341848
	NP_001315443; NP_032983
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Protein patched homolog 1 is a protein that is the member of the patched family and in humans is encoded by the PTCH1 gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

PTCH1 is a member of the patched gene family and is the receptor for sonic hedgehog, a secreted molecule implicated in the formation of embryonic structures and in tumorigenesis. This gene functions as a tumor suppressor. The PTCH1 gene product, is a transmembrane protein that suppresses the release of another protein called smoothened, and when sonic hedgehog binds PTCH1, smoothened is released and signals cell proliferation.

Clinical significance

Mutations of this gene have been associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (AKA Gorlin's Syndrome),^[7] esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, trichoepitheliomas, transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder, as well as holoprosencephaly. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described, but their full length sequences and biological validity cannot be determined currently.^[6]

Mutations in PTCH1 cause Gorlin syndrome and mutations have also been found in holoprosencephaly patients.^[8]^[9]^[10] Some of these patients present cleft lip and palate among the holoprosencephaly features, and missense variants in PTCH1 were also found in a sequencing screening of nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate patients.^[11] In addition association between SNPs in or near PTCH1 have been found to be associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate.^[11]^[12] Mutations in PTCH1 are also associated with medulloblastoma.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185920 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021466 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Johnson RL, Rothman AL, Xie J, Goodrich LV, Bare JW, Bonifas JM, Quinn AG, Myers RM, Cox DR, Epstein EH, Scott MP (Aug 1996). "Human homolog of patched, a candidate gene for the basal cell nevus syndrome". Science. 272 (5268): 1668–71. Bibcode:1996Sci...272.1668J. doi:10.1126/science.272.5268.1668. PMID 8658145. S2CID 9160210.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: PTCH1 patched homolog 1 (Drosophila)".
^ Cantú-Reyna C (2014). "Mutation in the PTCH1 tumor suppressor gene in gorlin syndrome. A case report". Acta Pediatr Esp. 72 (11): e407–e414. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
^ Ming JE, Kaupas ME, Roessler E, Brunner HG, Golabi M, Tekin M, Stratton RF, Sujansky E, Bale SJ, Muenke M (April 2002). "Mutations in PATCHED-1, the receptor for SONIC HEDGEHOG, are associated with holoprosencephaly". Hum. Genet. 110 (4): 297–301. doi:10.1007/s00439-002-0695-5. PMID 11941477. S2CID 32865658.
^ Rahimov F, Ribeiro LA, de Miranda E, Richieri-Costa A, Murray JC (December 2006). "GLI2 mutations in four Brazilian patients: how wide is the phenotypic spectrum?". Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 140 (23): 2571–6. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31370. PMID 17096318. S2CID 21019963.
^ Ribeiro LA, Quiezi RG, Nascimento A, Bertolacini CP, Richieri-Costa A (July 2010). "Holoprosencephaly and holoprosencephaly-like phenotype and GAS1 DNA sequence changes: Report of four Brazilian patients". Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 152A (7): 1688–94. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.33466. PMID 20583177. S2CID 25445281.
^ ^a ^b Mansilla MA, Cooper ME, Goldstein T, Castilla EE, Lopez Camelo JS, Marazita ML, Murray JC (January 2006). "Contributions of PTCH gene variants to isolated cleft lip and palate". Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 43 (1): 21–9. doi:10.1597/04-169R.1. PMC 2151847. PMID 16405370.
^ Moreno LM, Mansilla MA, Bullard SA, Cooper ME, Busch TD, Machida J, Johnson MK, Brauer D, Krahn K, Daack-Hirsch S, L'heureux J, Valencia-Ramirez C, Rivera D, López AM, Moreno MA, Hing A, Lammer EJ, Jones M, Christensen K, Lie RT, Jugessur A, Wilcox AJ, Chines P, Pugh E, Doheny K, Arcos-Burgos M, Marazita ML, Murray JC, Lidral AC (December 2009). "FOXE1 association with both isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and isolated cleft palate". Hum. Mol. Genet. 18 (24): 4879–96. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp444. PMC 2778374. PMID 19779022.
^ Jones DT, Jäger N, Kool M, Zichner T, Hutter B, Sultan M, Cho YJ, Pugh TJ, Hovestadt V, Stütz AM, Rausch T, Warnatz HJ, Ryzhova M, Bender S, Sturm D, Pleier S, Cin H, Pfaff E, Sieber L, Wittmann A, Remke M, Witt H, Hutter S, Tzaridis T, Weischenfeldt J, Raeder B, Avci M, Amstislavskiy V, Zapatka M, Weber UD, Wang Q, Lasitschka B, Bartholomae CC, Schmidt M, von Kalle C, Ast V, Lawerenz C, Eils J, Kabbe R, Benes V, van Sluis P, Koster J, Volckmann R, Shih D, Betts MJ, Russell RB, Coco S, Tonini GP, Schüller U, Hans V, Graf N, Kim YJ, Monoranu C, Roggendorf W, Unterberg A, Herold-Mende C, Milde T, Kulozik AE, von Deimling A, Witt O, Maass E, Rössler J, Ebinger M, Schuhmann MU, Frühwald MC, Hasselblatt M, Jabado N, Rutkowski S, von Bueren AO, Williamson D, Clifford SC, McCabe MG, Collins VP, Wolf S, Wiemann S, Lehrach H, Brors B, Scheurlen W, Felsberg J, Reifenberger G, Northcott PA, Taylor MD, Meyerson M, Pomeroy SL, Yaspo ML, Korbel JO, Korshunov A, Eils R, Pfister SM, Lichter P (August 2012). "Dissecting the genomic complexity underlying medulloblastoma". Nature. 488 (7409): 100–5. Bibcode:2012Natur.488..100J. doi:10.1038/nature11284. PMC 3662966. PMID 22832583.