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Ottmar Mergenthaler
Ottmar Mergenthaler
	Ottmar Mergenthaler
Born	11 May 1854; Hachtel, Kingdom of Württemberg
Died	28 October 1899 (aged 45); Baltimore, Maryland, US
Nationality	German, American
Occupation	Inventor
Known for	Linotype
Height	5 ft 9 in (175 cm)
Awards	Elliott Cresson Medal (1889); John Scott Medal (1891)
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Ottmar Mergenthaler (11 May 1854 – 28 October 1899) was a German-American inventor who invented the linotype machine, the first device that could easily and quickly set complete lines of type for use in printing presses. This machine revolutionized the art of printing.

Life and career

Mergenthaler was born into a German family in Hachtel, Kingdom of Württemberg. He was the third son of a school teacher, Johann Georg Mergenthaler, from Hohenacker near the city of Waiblingen.^[1]

He was apprenticed to a watchmaker in Bietigheim before emigrating to the United States in 1872 to work with his cousin August Hahl in Washington, D.C. Mergenthaler eventually moved with Hahl's shop to Baltimore, Maryland. In 1878, Mergenthaler became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 1881, Mergenthaler became Hahl's business partner.^[2]

Invention of the Linotype

In 1876, Mergenthaler was approached by James O. Clephane and his associate Charles T. Moore, who sought a quicker way of publishing legal briefs.^[3] By 1884 he conceived the idea of assembling metallic letter molds, called matrices, and casting molten metal into them, all within a single machine.^[4] His first attempt proved the idea feasible, and a new company was formed. Always improving his invention, Mergenthaler further developed his idea of an independent matrix machine.

In July 1886, the first commercially used Linotype was installed in the printing office of the New York Tribune. Here it was immediately used on the daily paper and a large book. The book, the first ever composed with the new Linotype method, was titled, The Tribune Book of Open-Air Sports.^[5] Produced by his Mergenthaler Linotype Company, the machine remained a mainstay of the publishing industry until the 1980s.

Death

Mergenthaler died of tuberculosis in Baltimore in 1899.

Legacy

An operational Linotype machine is on display at the Baltimore Museum of Industry, in the museum's print shop. Baltimore's vocational high school, Mergenthaler Vocational Technical Senior High School, which opened in 1953, is named after him, although it is commonly referred to simply as "MERVO".

Mergenthaler Hall on the Homewood Campus of the Johns Hopkins University was constructed in 1940–41 with donations by Mergenthaler's widow and by his son Eugene.

Mergenthaler is depicted in Edward Laning's mural The Story of the Recorded Word on the east wall of the McGraw Rotunda at the Main Branch of the New York Public Library.^[6] Mergenthaler is shown in the mural alongside his linotype machine and Whitelaw Reid of the New York Tribune.^[6]

References

^ Kahan, Basil (1999), Ottmar Mergenthaler: The Man and his Machine : A Biographical Appreciation of the Inventor on His Centennial, New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll, ISBN 1-58456-007-X.
^ Tsaniou, Styliani. "Ottmar Mergenthaler." In Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present, vol. 3, edited by Giles R. Hoyt. German Historical Institute. Last modified 26 July 2013.
^ "Linotype at 50". Time. 13 July 1936. Archived from the original on 15 December 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
^ The World Book Encyclopedia, 1972 edition.
^ Nelson, Randy F (1981), The Almanac of American Letters, Los Altos, CA: William Kaufmann, p. 286, ISBN 0-86576-008-X
^ ^a ^b "New York Public Library Murals". Living New Deal. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.