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Olbia (Italian pronunciation:[ˈɔlbja]ⓘ,[2][3]locally[ˈolbja]; Sardinian: Terranoa; Gallurese: Tarranoa)[4] is a city and commune of 60,346 inhabitants (May 2018) in the Italian insular province of Sassari in northeastern Sardinia, Italy, in the historical region of Gallura. Called Olbia in the Roman age, Civita in the Middle Ages (Judicates period) and the Terranova Pausania until the 1940s, Olbia has again been the official name of the city since the fascist period.
History
Although the name is of Greek origin, due to the Greek presence during the seventh century B.C., the city of Olbia was first settled either by the Nuragics[5] or by Phoenicians, according to the archaeological findings. It contains ruins from the Nuragic era to the Roman era, when it was an important port, and the Middle Ages, when it was the capital of the Giudicato of Gallura, one of the four independent states of Sardinia. During the First Punic War, the Romans fought against the Carthaginians and the Sardinians near Olbia, where the general Hanno died in battle.[citation needed]
It is the economic centre of this part of the island (commercial centres, food industry) and is very close to the Costa Smeralda tourist area. It was one of the administrative capitals of the province of Olbia-Tempio, operative since 2005 and canceled after a referendum seven years later. Olbia is a tourist destination thanks to its sea and beaches and also for the large number of places of cultural interest to visit.
Climate
Olbia has a Mediterranean climate (Csa), with mild winters, warm springs and autumns and hot summers.
The internal city public transport and bus connections with the surrounding areas are provided by the ASPO[9] (Olbia's public service company), while vehicle connections with the other centers of the territory are provided by the ARST[10] (Sardinian regional transport company). Other private carriers operate with lines under concession.
^Pittau, Massimo (2007). Storia dei sardi nuragici (in Italian). Selargius: Domus de janas. ISBN978-88-88569-39-0. OCLC876584347. Noi respingiamo con decisione la tesi sostenuta di recente da qualcuno secondo cui Olbia sarebbe stata fondata dai Cartaginesi nel 350 a.C., e sosteniamo invece che non si possa dubitare per nulla del fatto che il sito di Olbia fosse stato occupato in epoca molto più antica dai Nuragici. Lo dimostra all'evidenza innanzitutto il fatto che tutto il retroterra olbiese è risultato ricco di monumenti e reperti nuragici – si pensi al pozzo sacro di 'Sa Testa' ed inoltre al santuario fortificato di 'Cabu Abbas'-, in secondo luogo la circostanza che ai Nuragici non poteva sfuggire l'importanza enorme della baia di Olbia come insenatura difesa dai venti e quindi adattissima alla pesca, all'estrazione del sale ed alla navigazione.
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