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National Assembly

*Országgyűlés*
National Assembly ; Országgyűlés
Type
Type	Unicameral
Leadership
Speaker	László Kövér, Fidesz ; since 6 August 2010
First Officer	Márta Mátrai, Fidesz ; since 1 January 2013
Deputy Speakers	Csaba Hende, Fidesz (for legislation); Sándor Lezsák, Fidesz; István Jakab, Fidesz; János Latorcai, KDNP; Lajos Oláh, DK; Dóra Dúró, MHM
Leader of largest; political group	Máté Kocsis, Fidesz ; since 8 May 2018
Leader of 2nd largest; political group	István Simicskó, KDNP ; since 2 May 2022
Structure
Seats	199
Political groups	Government (134); Fidesz–KDNP (134) Fidesz (115); KDNP (19); ; Supported by (1) ; German minority (1); Opposition (63) DK-MSZP-Dialogue (32) DK (15); MSZP (10); Dialogue (6); Ind. (1); ; Momentum (10); Jobbik (8); MHM (6); LMP (3); Ind. (5);
Elections
Voting system	Partially parallel, partially compensatory voting: 106 FPTP seats, 93 PR seats with 5% electoral threshold (D'Hondt method)
Last election	3 April 2022
Next election	On or before 2026
Meeting place
	Hungarian Parliament Building; Lajos Kossuth Square 1; Budapest, H-1055; Hungary
Website
	parlament.hu/national-assembly

The National Assembly (Hungarian: Országgyűlés, lit. 'Country Assembly' [ˈorsaːɡɟyːleːʃ]) is the parliament of Hungary. The unicameral body consists of 199 (386 between 1990 and 2014) members elected to four-year terms. Election of members is done using a semi-proportional representation: a mixed-member majoritarian representation with partial compensation via transfer votes and mixed single vote; involving single-member districts and one list vote; parties must win at least 5% of the popular vote in order to gain list seats. The Assembly includes 25 standing committees to debate and report on introduced bills and to supervise the activities of the ministers. The Constitutional Court of Hungary has the right to challenge legislation on the grounds of constitutionality.

Under communist rule, the National Assembly existed as the supreme organ of state power as the sole branch of government in Hungary, and per the principle of unified power, all state organs were subservient to it. Since 1902, the assembly has met in the Hungarian Parliament Building in Budapest.

The current members are the members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2022–2026).

History

The Diet of Hungary^[1] (Hungarian: Országgyűlés) was a legislative institution in the medieval kingdom of Hungary from the 1290s,^[2] and in its successor states, Royal Hungary and the Habsburg kingdom of Hungary throughout the Early Modern period. The name of the legislative body was originally "Parlamentum" during the Middle Ages, the "Diet" expression gained mostly in the Early Modern period.^[3] It convened at regular intervals with interruptions during the period of 1527 to 1918, and again until 1946.

The articles of the 1790 diet set out that the diet should meet at least once every 3 years, but, since the diet was called by the Habsburg monarchy, this promise was not kept on several occasions thereafter. As a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, it was reconstituted in 1867.

The Latin term Natio Hungarica ("Hungarian nation") was used to designate the political elite which had participation in the diet, consisting of the nobility, the Catholic clergy, and a few enfranchised burghers,^[4]^[5] regardless of language or ethnicity.^[6] Natio Hungarica was a geographic, institutional and juridico-political category.^[7]

The democratic character of the Hungarian parliament was reestablished with the fall of the Iron Curtain and the end of the communist dictatorship in 1989. Today's parliament is still called the Országgyűlés, as in royal times, but is called the 'National Assembly' to distance itself from the historical royal diet.

Latest general election

Turnout (within Hungary only, excluding eligible voters abroad)^[8]
7:00	9:00	11:00	13:00	15:00	17:00	18:30	Overall
1.82%	10.31%	25.77%	40.01%	52.75%	62.92%	67.80%	70.21%



Party		Party-list			Constituency			Total seats	+/–
Party		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Total seats	+/–
	Fidesz-KDNP	3,060,706	54.13	48	2,823,419	52.80	87	135	+2
	United for Hungary	1,947,331	34.44	38	1,983,708	37.09	19	57	–8
	Our Homeland Movement	332,487	5.88	6	307,064	5.74	0	6	New
	Hungarian Two-Tailed Dog Party	185,052	3.27	0	126,648	2.37	0	0	0
	Solution Movement	58,929	1.04	0	64,341	1.20	0	0	New
	Party of Normal Life	39,720	0.70	0	31,495	0.59	0	0	New
	National Self-Government of Germans	24,630	0.44	1				1	0
	National Self-Government of Croats	1,760	0.03	0				0	0
	National Self-Government of Slovaks	1,208	0.02	0				0	0
	National Self-Government of Rusyns	645	0.01	0				0	0
	National Self-Government of Romanians	526	0.01	0				0	0
	National Self-Government of Serbs	418	0.01	0				0	0
	National Self-Government of Ukrainians	396	0.01	0				0	0
	National Self-Government of Poles	281	0.00	0				0	0
	National Self-Government of Greeks	232	0.00	0				0	0
	National Self-Government of Slovenes	219	0.00	0				0	0
	National Self-Government of Armenians	163	0.00	0				0	0
	National Self-Government of Bulgarians	157	0.00	0				0	0
	Leftist Alliance				8,678	0.16	0	0	New
	True Democratic Party				989	0.02	0	0	New
	Civic Response				521	0.01	0	0	New
	Our Party – IMA				326	0.01	0	0	New
	Party of Greens				208	0.00	0	0	New
	Democratic Organisation of the Hungarian Poor and Workers				177	0.00	0	0	New
	Hungarian Liberal Party				152	0.00	0	0	0
Total		5,654,860	100.00	93	5,347,726	100.00	106	199	0

Valid votes		5,654,860	99.00
Invalid/blank votes		57,065	1.00
Total votes		5,711,925	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		8,215,304	69.53
Source: National Electoral Commission,^[8] National Electoral Commission

Result by constituency

Party list results by county and in the diaspora

County^[9]	Fidesz-KDNP	United for Hungary	Our Homeland	MKKP	MM	NÉP	Turnout ^[10]
County^[9]							Turnout ^[10]
Bács-Kiskun	57.25	29.66	7.58	3.08	1.01	0.81	67.5%
Baranya	49.67	36.08	5.93	3.54	0.93	0.86	67.5%
Békés	52.81	34.36	7.64	2.62	0.92	0.89	66.4%
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén	54.38	34.29	6.89	2.31	0.99	0.78	64.7%
Budapest	40.84	47.84	4.11	5.19	1.26	0.53	75.5%
Csongrád-Csanád	47.44	39.69	7.34	3.61	1.10	0.72	70.5%
Fejér	53.55	33.80	6.62	3.52	1.15	0.76	71.5%
Győr-Moson-Sopron	57.07	30.83	6.21	3.28	1.33	0.72	73.7%
Hajdú-Bihar	57.88	30.87	6.60	2.69	1.02	0.83	66.1%
Heves	54.98	33.37	7.31	2.50	0.97	0.74	69.0%
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok	55.58	33.02	7.15	2.45	0.95	0.82	65.9%
Komárom-Esztergom	50.53	36.32	6.72	3.39	1.11	0.95	69.3%
Nógrád	59.00	29.27	7.66	2.15	0.80	0.68	66.9%
Pest	50.88	36.44	5.81	4.05	1.25	0.66	72.9%
Somogy	56.33	33.48	5.97	2.22	1.02	0.66	68.2%
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg	61.66	29.04	5.59	1.64	0.91	0.80	65.4%
Tolna	58.95	28.49	6.67	2.46	0.90	0.81	68.8%
Vas	59.94	29.55	5.59	2.89	0.89	0.72	74.8%
Veszprém	52.57	34.44	6.88	3.39	1.00	0.76	71.8%
Zala	56.72	31.98	6.63	2.68	0.95	0.94	71.6%

Total in Hungary	52.45	36.15	6.15	3.42	1.10	0.73	70.21%
Diaspora	93.89	4.12	1.06	0.61	0.10	0.22

Total	54.13	34.44	5.88	3.27	1.04	0.70	69.59%

Speakers of the National Assembly of Hungary

Historical composition of the National Assembly since 1990

MSZP

Par.

DK

Egy.

LMP

MLP

SZDSZ

Mom.

Fidesz

KDNP

MDF

FKGP

MIÉP

Jobbik

MHM

Germans

Others

Independent

1990–1994

33

94

21

164

44

3

6

1994–1998

209

70

20

22

38

26

1

1998–2002

134

24

148

17

48

14

1

2002–2006

178

20

164

24

2006–2010

190

20

141

23

11

1

2010–2014

59

16

227

36

47

1

2014–2018

29

1

4

3

5

1

117

16

23

2018–2022

15

5

9

1

8

117

16

26

1

2022–2026

10

6

15

5

10

117

18

10

6

1

Notes

^
- Szikra (1)
- Ind. (3)
^
- DK (1)
^
- ANPM (1)
- Vacant (1)
- Vacant (1)

References

^ András Gergely, Gábor Máthé: The Hungarian state: thousand years in Europe (published in 2000)
^ Elemér Hantos: The Magna Carta Of The English And Of The Hungarian Constitution (1904)
^ Cecil Marcus Knatchbull-Hugessen Brabourne (4th Baron): The political evolution of the Hungarian nation: (Volume I. in 1908)
^ John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, ISBN 978-0-684-31359-7
^ Tadayuki Hayashi, Hiroshi Fukuda, Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: past and present, Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2007, p. 158, ISBN 978-4-938637-43-9
^ Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 ISBN 978-0-7546-6525-0
^ "Transylvania – The Roots of Ethnic Conflict". Hungarianhistory.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Nemzeti Választási Iroda - Országgyűlési Választás 2022" [National Electoral Commission - Election of National Assembly Representatives 2022] (in Hungarian). 16 April 2022. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022.
^ "Részvételi arány az országgyűlési választásokon". ksh.hu.
^ "Országgyűlési képviselők választása 2022 - országos listás szavazás eredménye". valasztas.hu.