Government of Hungary

Politics of Hungary
Constitution
Executive
Parliament
Recent elections
Budapest
Mayor of Budapest
Gergely Karácsony
Mayoral elections
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2019
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

The Government of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország Kormánya) exercises executive power in Hungary.[1] It is led by the Prime Minister, and is composed of various ministers.[2] It is the principal organ of public administration. The Prime Minister (miniszterelnök) is elected by the National Assembly and serves as the head of government and exercises executive power. The Prime Minister is the leader of the party with the most seats in parliament. The Prime Minister selects Cabinet ministers and has the exclusive right to dismiss them. Cabinet nominees must appear before consultative open hearings before one or more parliamentary committees, survive a vote in the National Assembly, and be formally approved by the President. The cabinet is responsible to the parliament.

Since the fall of communism, Hungary has a multi-party system. A new Hungarian parliament was elected on 8 April 2018. This parliamentary election was the 8th since the 1990 first multi-party election. The result was a victory for Fidesz–KDNP alliance, preserving its two-thirds majority with Viktor Orbán remaining Prime Minister. It was the second election according to the new Constitution of Hungary which went into force on 1 January 2012. The new electoral law also entered into force that day. The voters elected 199 MPs instead of previous 386 lawmakers.[3][4]

In 2023, there are increasing concerns over the commitment of the Hungarian government towards democratic values. Credible sources, including Freedom House[5] and the European Parliament,[6] claim Hungary is no longer a democratic country. Prime Minister Viktor Orban and his leading politicians openly use racist arguments,[7] making the normalization of right-wing extremism a valid concern in case of Hungary.[8] Voicing hate speech or discriminatory language against marginalized groups, including but not limited to those based on race, religion, or sexual orientation, especially when presented in a humorous context, is often socially accepted in Hungary.[9]

List of cabinets since 1989:

Governments of Hungary
Name of Government Duration of Government Prime minister Parties Involved
Németh November 24, 1988 – May 23, 1990 Miklós Németh (MSZP) MSZP
Antall May 23, 1990 – December 12, 1993 József Antall (MDF) MDF, FKgP, KDNP
Boross December 12, 1993 – December 21, 1993 Péter Boross (MDF) MDF, EKgP, KDNP
December 21, 1993 – July 15, 1994
Horn July 15, 1994 – July 6, 1998 Gyula Horn (MSZP) MSZP, SZDSZ
Orbán I July 6, 1998 – May 27, 2002 Viktor Orbán (Fidesz) Fidesz, FKgP, MDF
Medgyessy May 27, 2002 – September 29, 2004 Péter Medgyessy (Ind.) MSZP, SZDSZ
Gyurcsány I September 29, 2004 – June 9, 2006 Ferenc Gyurcsány (MSZP)
Gyurcsány II June 9, 2006 – April 14, 2009 Ferenc Gyurcsány (MSZP) MSZP, SZDSZ
Bajnai April 14, 2009 – May 29, 2010 Gordon Bajnai (Ind.) MSZP
Orbán II May 29, 2010 – June 6, 2014 Viktor Orbán (Fidesz) Fidesz, KDNP
Orbán III June 6, 2014 – May 18, 2018 Viktor Orbán (Fidesz) Fidesz, KDNP
Orbán IV May 18, 2018 – May 24, 2022 Viktor Orbán (Fidesz) Fidesz, KDNP
Orbán V May 24, 2022 – present Viktor Orbán (Fidesz) Fidesz, KDNP

Notes
Traditional colours
Hungarian Socialist Party (Magyar Szocialista Párt, MSZP)
Hungarian Democratic Forum (Magyar Demokrata Fórum, MDF)
Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party (Független Kisgazda-, Földmunkás- és Polgári Párt, FKgP)
United Smallholders' Party (Egyesült Történelmi Kisgazda és Polgári Párt, EKgP)
Christian Democratic People's Party (Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt, KDNP)
Alliance of Free Democrats (Szabad Demokraták Szövetsége, SZDSZ)
Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance (Fidesz – Magyar Polgári Szövetség, Fidesz)

Current government

Main articles: Fifth Orbán Government and 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election

Following the Hungarian parliamentary election, 2022, the current prime minister, Viktor Orbán is serving with his government since 24 May 2022.

Name Office Party Period
Viktor Orbán Prime Minister Fidesz 24.05.2022 -
Zsolt Semjén Deputy Prime Minister
Minister without portfolio for National Politics 		KDNP 24.05.2022 -
Gergely Gulyás Minister of the Prime Minister's Office Fidesz 24.05.2022 -
Antal Rogán Minister of the Prime Minister's Cabinet Office Fidesz 24.05.2022 -
Márton Nagy Minister for the National Economy Independent 01.01.2024 -
Péter Szijjártó Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Fidesz 24.05.2022 -
János Lázár Minister of Transport and Construction Fidesz 24.05.2022 -
Sándor Pintér Deputy Prime Minister
Minister of Interior 		Independent 24.05.2022 -
Mihály Varga Minister of Finance Fidesz 24.05.2022 -
Bence Tuzson Minister of Justice Fidesz 01.08.2023 -
János Bóka Minister of EU Affairs Fidesz 01.08.2023 -
János Csák Minister of Culture and Innovation Independent 24.05.2022 -
István Nagy Minister of Agriculture Fidesz 18.05.2018 -
Kristóf Szalay-Bobrovniczky Minister of Defence Independent 24.05.2022 -
Tibor Navracsics Minister of Public Administration and Regional Development Fidesz 01.01.2024 -

Government history, since 1990

Prime ministers

Minister of the Interior

Sándor Pintér
Ministry of Interior
Minister In office Party Cabinet
Balázs Horváth 23.05.1990 - 21.12.1990 MDF Antall
Péter Boross 21.12.1990 - 21.12.1993 MDF
Imre Kónya 21.12.1993 - 15.07.1994 MDF Boross
Gábor Kuncze 15.07.1994 - 06.07.1998 SZDSZ Horn
Sándor Pintér 06.07.1998 - 27.05.2002 Independent Orbán I
Mónika Lamperth 27.05.2002 - 09.06.2006 MSZP Medgyessy, Gyurcsány I
Sándor Pintér 29.05.2010 - Independent Orbán II, Orbán III, Orbán IV, Orbán V
Ministry of Local Government (2006-2010)
Minister In office Party Cabinet
Mónika Lamperth 09.06.2006 - 30.06.2007 MSZP Gyurcsány II
Gordon Bajnai 30.06.2007 - 30.04.2008 Independent
István Gyenesei 30.04.2008 - 14.04.2009 Somogyért
Zoltán Varga 14.04.2009 - 29.05.2010 MSZP Bajnai
Ministry of Justice and Law Enforcement (2006-2010)
Minister In office Party Cabinet
József Petrétei 09.06.2006 - 31.05.2007 Independent Gyurcsány II
Albert Takács 01.06.2007 - 17.02.2008 Independent
Tibor Draskovics 18.02.2008 - 14.12.2009 Independent Gyurcsány II, Bajnai
Imre Forgács 14.12.2009 - 29.05.2010 Independent Bajnai

Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade

Péter Szíjjártó

The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország külügyminisztere) is a member of the Hungarian cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The current foreign minister is Péter Szijjártó.

Minister In office Party Cabinet
Géza Jeszenszky 23.05.1990 - 15.07.1994 MDF Antall, Boross
László Kovács 15.07.1994 - 08.07.1998 MSZP Horn
János Martonyi 08.07.1998 - 27.05.2002 Independent Orbán I
László Kovács 27.05.2002 - 01.11.2004 MSZP Medgyessy, Gyurcsány I
Ferenc Somogyi 01.11.2004 - 09.06.2006 Independent Gyurcsány I
Kinga Göncz 09.06.2006 - 14.04.2009 Independent Gyurcsány II
Péter Balázs 14.04.2009 - 29.05.2010 Independent Bajnai
János Martonyi 29.05.2010 - 06.06.2014 Fidesz Orbán II
Tibor Navracsics 06.06.2014 - 23.09.2014 Fidesz Orbán III
Péter Szijjártó 23.09.2014 - Fidesz Orbán III, Orbán IV, Orbán V

Minister of Finance

Mihály Varga
Ministry of National Economy

The Minister of Finance of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország pénzügyminisztere) is a member of the Hungarian cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Finance. The current minister of Finance is Mihály Varga.

Minister In office Party Cabinet
Minister of Finance
Ferenc Rabár 23.05.1990 - 19.12.1990 Independent Antall
Mihály Kupa 20.12.1990 - 11.02.1993 MDF
Iván Szabó 24.02.1993 - 15.07.1994 MDF Antall, Boross
László Békesi 15.07.1994 - 28.02.1995 MSZP Horn
Lajos Bokros 01.03.1995 - 29.02.1996 MSZP
Péter Medgyessy 01.03.1996 - 07.07.1998 Independent
Zsigmond Járai 08.07.1998 - 31.12.2000 Fidesz Orbán I
Mihály Varga 01.01.2001 - 27.05.2002 Fidesz
Csaba László 27.05.2002 - 15.02.2004 MSZP Medgyessy
Tibor Draskovics 15.02.2004 - 24.04.2005 Independent Medgyessy, Gyurcsány I
János Veres 24.04.2005 - 16.04.2009 MSZP Gyurcsány I, Gyurcsány II
Péter Oszkó 16.04.2009 - 29.05.2010 Independent Bajnai
Minister of Finance
György Matolcsy 29.05.2010 - 07.03.2013 Fidesz Orbán II
Mihály Varga 07.03.2013 - Fidesz Orbán II, Orbán III, Orbán IV, Orbán V

See also

References

  1. ^ "Website of the Government of Hungary". Government of Hungary. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  2. ^ "Fundamental Law of Hungary (Article 15)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-29. Retrieved 2014-12-08.
  3. ^ Az országgyűlési képviselők választásáról szóló 2011. évi CCIII. törvény. In.: Magyar Közlöny. 2011. évi, 165. sz., 41095-41099. p.
  4. ^ "Életbe lép az új választójogi törvény". Magyar Nemzet (in Hungarian). 29 December 2011. Archived from the original on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
  5. ^ Gehrke, Laurenz. "Hungary no longer a democracy, Freedom House says". POLITICO. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  6. ^ "MEPs: Hungary can no longer be considered a full democracy | News | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. 2022-09-15. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  7. ^ RFE/RL. "European Parliament Leaders Condemn Orban For 'Openly Racist' Remarks". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  8. ^ "Antisemitic and Racist Statements by Hungarian Political Leaders" (PDF). human rights first. December 2015. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  9. ^ Bekesi, Aron B. (2023). "The Paradox of Anti-Democratic Arguments: aDefense of Democratic Principles in Debates". Science & Philosophy. 11 (2): 94.

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