Mwembeshi Shear Zone

The Mwembeshi Shear Zone is a ductile shear zone about 550 million years old that extends ENE–WSW across Zambia. In Zambia, it separates the Lufilian Belt to the northwest from the Zambezi Belt to the southeast. It is associated with a sinistral strike slip movement.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The Mwembeshi Shear Zone lies between the Congo craton to the NW and the Kalahari craton to the SE, to the west (in today's orientation) of the Mozambique Belt, which is on the north and east side of the Kalahari Craton.^[4] It was formed during the Pan-African orogeny when "North" and "South" Gondwana were amalgamated along the Kuunga orogeny zone between 580 Ma and 480 Ma.^[5] The date of around 550 Ma for the Mwembeshi shear zone is based on U-Pb zircon ages of syntectonic granites from the Hook massif and of associated hypabyssal rhyolite.^[6]

During the amalgamation there was sinistral transpression along the boundary between the Kalahari craton and the Congo and Tanzanian cratons (which had already amalgamated), which is now expressed as the Mwembeshi Shear Zone.^[5] The sinistral sense shows that, in modern coordinates, the Congo-Sao Francisco Craton approached the remainder of southwestern Gondwana from the north, although at the time southwestern Gondwana was oriented about 90 degrees clockwise of today's orientation, and the Congo Craton approached from the east.^[7] There was little vertical displacement, but Mwembeshi is a major sinistral transcurrent shear zone.^[2] The shear zone accommodates a change in the structural vergence between the Zambezi Belt and the Lufilian Arc.^[5] Further to the southwest, the shear zone extends along part at least of the Damaran belt.^[8]

There are known to be basic connections between geological terranes and mineralization models, so understanding the Mwembeshi Shear Zone is important to understanding where mineral resources may be found in the region. Despite this, as of 1990 there had been relatively little exploration.^[9]

References

Citations

^ Schlüter & Trauth 2008, p. 273.
^ ^a ^b Gaucher, Sial & Halverson 2009, p. 145.
^ Andrews-Speed, C.P; Sliwa, A.; Unrug, R. (1984). Foster, R.P. (ed.). Primary gold occurrences in Zambia and other geological controls, in Gold '82: The Geology, Geochemistry and Genesis of Gold Deposits. Rotterdam: Geological Society of Zimbabwe, A.A. Balkema. pp. 497–499. ISBN 906191504X.
^ Yoshida, Windley & Dasgupta 2003, p. 273.
^ ^a ^b ^c Yoshida, Windley & Dasgupta 2003, p. 418.
^ Yoshida, Windley & Dasgupta 2003, p. 449.
^ Gaucher, Sial & Halverson 2009, p. 309.
^ Rogers & Santosh 2004, p. 239.
^ Strongman 1992, p. 13.

Sources

Gaucher, Claudio; Sial, Alcides N.; Halverson, Galen P. (2009). Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Tectonics, Global Change and Evolution: A Focus on South Western Gondwana. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0444532497.
Rogers, John James William; Santosh, M. (2004). Continents and Supercontinents. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195165896.
Schlüter, Thomas; Trauth, Martin H. (2008). Geological Atlas of Africa: With Notes on Stratigraphy, Tectonics, Economic Geology, Geohazards, Geosites and Geoscientific Education of Each Country. Springer. ISBN 978-3540763246.
Strongman, John (1992). Strategy for African Mining, Volumes 23-181. World Bank Publications. ISBN 0821321927.
Yoshida, Masaru; Windley, Brian F.; Dasgupta, Somnath (2003). Proterozoic East Gondwana: Supercontinent Assembly and Breakup. Geological Society. ISBN 1862391254.

v t e Major African geological formations
Plates	Major plates: African plate Minor plates: Somali plate Microplates: Lwandle plate Madagascar plate Rovuma plate Seychelles plate Victoria Microplate
Cratons and shields	Arabian-Nubian Shield Congo Craton Kaapvaal Craton Kalahari Craton Saharan Metacraton Tanzania Craton Tuareg Shield West African Craton Zimbabwe Craton
Shear zones	Aswa Dislocation Broodkop Shear Zone Central African Shear Zone Chuan Shear Zones Foumban Shear Zone Kandi Fault Zone Mwembeshi Shear Zone Todi Shear Zone Western Meseta Shear Zone
Orogens	Alpine Orogen Cape Fold Belt Damara Orogen East African Orogen Eburnean Orogen Gondwanide Orogen Kibaran Orogen Kuunga Orogen Mauritanide Belt Pan-African orogens Terra Australis Orogen
Rifts	Afar Triangle Anza trough Bahr el Arab rift Benue Trough Blue Nile rift East African Rift Gulf of Suez Rift Lamu Embayment Melut Basin Muglad Basin Red Sea Rift Sangha Aulacogen Atbara rift Urema Valley West and Central African Rift System White Nile rift
Sedimentary basins	Angola Basin Aoukar Blue Nile Basin Chad Basin Congo Basin Douala Basin El Djouf Karoo Basin Gabon Basin Iullemmeden Basin Kufra Basin Murzuq Basin Niger Delta Basin Ogaden Basin Orange River Basin Ouled Abdoun Basin Owambo Basin Reggane Basin Rio del Rey Basin Sirte Basin Somali Coastal Basin Taoudeni Basin Tanzania Coastal Basin Tindouf Basin Turkana Basin
Mountain ranges	Aïr Mountains Atlas Mountains Aurès Mountains Bambouk Mountains Blue Mountains Cameroon line Central Pangean Mountains Chaillu Mountains Drakensberg Eastern Arc Mountains Eastern Rift mountains Ethiopian Highlands Great Escarpment Great Karas Mountains Guinea Highlands Hoggar Mountains Imatong Mountains Jebel Uweinat Loma Mountains Mandara Mountains Marrah Mountains Mitumba Mountains Nuba Mountains Rif Mountains Rwenzori Mountains Sankwala Mountains Serra da Leba Serra da Chela Teffedest Mountains Tibesti Mountains
Inselbergs (aka koppie)	Anti-Atlas Mount Gorongosa Jugurtha Tableland Mount Mabu Mulanje Massif Mont Niénokoué Wase Rock Zuma Rock List of inselbergs

15°40′1″S 27°48′0″E / 15.66694°S 27.80000°E / -15.66694; 27.80000

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