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Monroe County
Monroe County
County
	The courthouse in Albia is on the NRHP
	Location within the U.S. state of Iowa
	Iowa's location within the U.S.
	Coordinates: 41°01′42″N 92°52′12″W / 41.028333333333°N 92.87°W
Country	United States
State	Iowa
Founded	1843
Seat	Albia
Largest city	Albia
Area
• Total	434 sq mi (1,120 km2)
• Land	434 sq mi (1,120 km2)
• Water	0.6 sq mi (2 km2) 0.1%
Population (2020)
• Total	7,577
• Estimate (2023)	7,504
• Density	17/sq mi (6.7/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	3rd
Website	monroecounty.iowa.gov

Monroe County is a county located in the south central part of the U.S. state of Iowa. In the early 20th century, it was a center of bituminous coal mining and in 1910 had a population of more than 25,000. As mining declined, people moved elsewhere for work. In the 2020 census, the population was 7,577.^[1] The county seat is Albia.^[2] The county, originally called Kishkekosh County after a famous chief of the Meskwaki,^[3] was renamed for James Monroe, fifth President of the United States.^[4]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 434 square miles (1,120 km²), of which 434 square miles (1,120 km²) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km²) (0.1%) is water.^[5]

Major highways

Adjacent counties

Marion County (northwest)
Mahaska County (northeast)
Wapello County (east)
Appanoose County (south)
Lucas County (west)

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1850	2,884		—
1860	8,612		198.6%
1870	12,724		47.7%
1880	13,719		7.8%
1890	13,666		−0.4%
1900	17,985		31.6%
1910	25,429		41.4%
1920	23,467		−7.7%
1930	15,010		−36.0%
1940	14,553		−3.0%
1950	11,814		−18.8%
1960	10,463		−11.4%
1970	9,357		−10.6%
1980	9,209		−1.6%
1990	8,114		−11.9%
2000	8,016		−1.2%
2010	7,970		−0.6%
2020	7,577		−4.9%
2023 (est.)	7,504	^[6]	−1.0%
U.S. Decennial Census^[7] 1790-1960^[8] 1900-1990^[9] 1990-2000^[10] 2010-2018^[11]

Population of Monroe County from US census data

2020 census

2022 US Census population pyramid for Monroe County from ACS 5-year estimates

The 2020 census recorded a population of 7,577 in the county, with a population density of 17.5217/sq mi (6.7652/km²). 96.86% of the population reported being of one race. 93.81% were non-Hispanic White, 0.25% were Black, 1.54% were Hispanic, 0.17% were Native American, 0.21% were Asian, 0.03% were Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and 3.99% were some other race or more than one race. There were 3,636 housing units, of which 3,116 were occupied.^[1]

2010 census

The 2010 census recorded a population of 7,970 in the county, with a population density of 18.389/sq mi (7.100/km²). There were 3,884 housing units, of which 3,213 were occupied.^[12]

2000 census

As of the census^[13] of 2000, there were 8,016 people, 3,228 households, and 2,211 families in the county. The population density was 18 people per square mile (6.9 people/km²). There were 3,588 housing units at an average density of 8 units per square mile (3.1 units/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 98.40% White, 0.20% Black or African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. 0.50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 3,228 households, 30.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.20% were married couples living together, 8.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.50% were non-families. 28.00% of households were one person, and 15.30% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.30% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 25.00% from 25 to 44, 23.00% from 45 to 64, and 19.50% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 94.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.60 males.

The median household income was $34,877 and the median family income was $41,611. Males had a median income of $31,667 versus $21,401 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,155. About 5.60% of families and 9.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.20% of those under age 18 and 5.90% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

Cities

Unincorporated communities

Avery
Tyrone

Ghost town

Buxton, the largest town with a majority-black population in the early 20th century

Townships

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Monroe County.^[1]

† county seat

Rank	City/Town/etc.	Municipal type	Population (2020 Census)
1	† Albia	City	3,721
2	Eddyville (mostly in Mahaska and Wapello Counties)	City	970
3	Moravia (mostly in Appanoose County)	City	637
4	Lovilia	City	472
5	Melrose	City	110

Politics

United States presidential election results for Monroe County, Iowa^[14]^[15]
Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
Year	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	2,975	72.77%	1,078	26.37%	35	0.86%
2016	2,638	68.25%	1,056	27.32%	171	4.42%
2012	2,026	52.90%	1,731	45.20%	73	1.91%
2008	2,000	51.63%	1,798	46.41%	76	1.96%
2004	2,067	52.16%	1,855	46.81%	41	1.03%
2000	1,858	50.95%	1,699	46.59%	90	2.47%
1996	1,272	36.21%	1,884	53.63%	357	10.16%
1992	1,323	34.98%	1,829	48.36%	630	16.66%
1988	1,313	35.81%	2,338	63.76%	16	0.44%
1984	1,927	44.91%	2,342	54.58%	22	0.51%
1980	2,003	48.65%	1,866	45.32%	248	6.02%
1976	1,581	39.56%	2,360	59.06%	55	1.38%
1972	2,357	56.73%	1,736	41.78%	62	1.49%
1968	2,143	45.55%	2,240	47.61%	322	6.84%
1964	1,588	33.15%	3,186	66.50%	17	0.35%
1960	2,922	54.20%	2,459	45.61%	10	0.19%
1956	2,984	53.17%	2,616	46.61%	12	0.21%
1952	3,219	53.28%	2,785	46.09%	38	0.63%
1948	2,371	40.01%	3,445	58.13%	110	1.86%
1944	2,625	44.27%	3,258	54.95%	46	0.78%
1940	3,270	44.57%	3,994	54.44%	72	0.98%
1936	3,001	40.22%	4,205	56.36%	255	3.42%
1932	2,458	38.25%	3,716	57.83%	252	3.92%
1928	4,060	58.16%	2,819	40.38%	102	1.46%
1924	4,098	50.92%	1,388	17.25%	2,562	31.83%
1920	4,500	61.21%	2,081	28.31%	771	10.49%
1916	2,144	45.15%	2,095	44.11%	510	10.74%
1912	1,385	26.22%	1,485	28.11%	2,412	45.66%
1908	2,686	51.58%	1,979	38.01%	542	10.41%
1904	3,249	62.17%	1,182	22.62%	795	15.21%
1900	2,233	51.62%	1,705	39.41%	388	8.97%
1896	1,836	45.69%	2,086	51.92%	96	2.39%

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "2020 Census State Redistricting Data". census.gov. United states Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ Stanek, Edward and Jacqueline (1976). Iowa's Magnificent County Courthouses. Des Moines: Wallace-Homestead. p. 142. ISBN 0-87069-189-9.
^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 212.
^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
^ "Population & Housing Occupancy Status 2010" (PDF). United States Census Bureau – American FactFinder. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
^ The leading "other" candidate, Progressive Theodore Roosevelt, received 1,121 votes, while Socialist candidate Eugene Debs received 104 votes, Prohibition candidate Eugene Chafin received 86 votes.