Rushworth's research has focussed on understanding brain circuits for learning, decision making, and social cognition.[2] He developed methods for comparing brain circuits in humans and other animals and for manipulating the activity in one brain area and examining the impact on interconnected regions and on behaviour.[2] He showed that prefrontal cortex and cingulate cortex brain regions enable us to learn links between our choices and their consequences, make decisions on the basis of our expectations of the outcomes, and think about alternative and counterfactual choices.[2] He has shown how brain activity changes in social contexts and when we learn not just by ourselves but from others.[2][7][8]
^Behrens, Timothy E J; Woolrich, Mark W; Walton, Mark E; Rushworth, Matthew F S (2007). "Learning the value of information in an uncertain world". Nature Neuroscience. 10 (9): 1214–1221. doi:10.1038/nn1954. ISSN1097-6256. PMID17676057. S2CID18051225.