Besra's research on tuberculosis has made many ground-breaking discoveries in our understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosiscell wall assembly.[1] The cell wall of M. tuberculosis is very distinctive, differing from other bacteria in containing an exceptional amount of unique lipids and sugars.[1] In unravelling and characterising the proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis, he aims to find good drug targets, which can then be further exploited using specialised assays, screens and structural biology, to identify new molecules for hit-to-lead programmes for tuberculosis.[1]
Besra has been at the forefront in the discovery of M. tuberculosisT-cell lipid antigens and the elucidation of the CD1 antigen presentation pathway.[1] He is also exploring the immunotherapeutic potential of glycosylceramides and synthetic small molecules with colleagues against a wide range of tumours and infectious diseases, where it is important to fine tune the hosts immune response through the CD1 pathway.[1]