Full-rigged pinnace

The full-rigged pinnace was the larger of two types of vessel called a pinnace in use from the sixteenth century.

Etymology

The word pinnace, and similar words in many languages (as far afield as Indonesia, where the boat "pinisi" took its name from the Dutch pinas^[1]), came ultimately from the Spanish pinaza c. 1240, from pino (pine tree), from the wood of which the ships were constructed. The word came into English from the Middle French pinasse.^[2]

Design

The pinnace is perhaps the most confusing of all the early seventeenth-century types of vessels. Pinnace was more of a use than a type name, for almost any vessel could have been a pinnace or tender to a larger one. Generally speaking, pinnaces were lightly built, single-decked, square-sterned vessels suitable for exploring, trading, and light naval duties. On equal lengths, pinnaces tended to be narrower than other types. Although primarily sailing vessels, many pinnaces carried sweeps for moving in calms or around harbors.^[3]

The rigs of pinnaces included the single-masted fore-and-aft rig with staysail and sprit mainsail to the mizzenmast, and a square sprit-sail under the bowsprit. Open square-sterned pulling boats were also called pinnaces at least as early as 1626. The larger pinnace 'type' was often much larger than the smaller tender type, and frequently carried enough cannon to be considered an (armed) merchantman, or fast and maneuverable small warship.

Pinnaces

The English pinnace Sunne was the first vessel reported built at the Chatham Dockyard, in 1586.^[4] English pinnaces of the time were typically of around 100 tons, and carried 5 to 16 guns.^[5]

The Dutch built pinnaces during the early 17th century.^{[citation needed]} Dutch pinnaces had a hull form resembling a small race-built galleon and usually rigged as a ship (square rigged on three masts), or carrying a similar rig on two masts (in a fashion akin to the later "brig"). Pinnaces were used as fast merchant vessels, pirate vessels and small warships. Not all were small vessels, some being nearer to larger ships in tonnage.^{[citation needed]}

This type saw widespread use in northern waters, as they had a shallow draught. In 2009 the wreck of an Elizabethan English pinnace with a set of twelve matched cannon was discovered, the first of its type for the time. Vessels at that time typically carried a mixture of unmatched cannon using disparate ammunition. The matched armament is considered revolutionary, and a contributing factor to the deadly reputation of the English naval artillery.^[6]

The first English ship built in North America, Virginia of Sagadahoc, was a pinnace.

References

^ Sailing the Asian Seas - Phinisi Schooners - Part 2 Archived April 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^ Oxford English Dictionary 2nd ed, "pinnace"
^ Some Seventeenth-Century Vessels and the Sparrow-Hawk (1980) Archived 2016-06-23 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2017-01-22
^ "SUBMARINES : CHATHAM BUILT". www.csubmarine.org. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
^ Royal Navy Ships, built Woolwich 1513–1869. Pt 1 1513–1699 Archived 2019-04-23 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "'Superguns' of Elizabeth I's navy". BBC News. 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2012-08-21.

Types of sailing vessels and rigs

Overviews

Sailing rigs

By sailing rigs

Multihull vessels

Naval and merchant
sailing ships
and other vessels
(by origin date)

Ancient	Balangay Boita Borobudur ship Dhow Fire ship Galley Penteconter Bireme Trireme Quadriremes Tessarakonteres Dromon Junk K'un-lun po Lepa Mtepe Uru
Post-classical	Balinger Benawa Birlinn Bomb vessel Cog Hulk Jong Knarr Koch Kondura Longship Malangbang Shitik Tongkang Zabra
15th c.	Carrack Chinese treasure ship Caravel Ghurab Lancaran Hoy Trabaccolo
16th c.	Crommesteven Galiot Galleon Galleass Ghali Flyboat Fluyt Full-rigged pinnace Lorcha Man-of-war Manchua Patache Speronara Square-rigged caravel (round or de armada) Xebec
17th c.	Bermuda sloop Corvette East Indiaman Frigate Galeas Koff Pink Polacca Ship of the line
18th c.	Bilander Chialoup Clipper (Baltimore Clipper) Gallivat Garay Grab Gundalow Lanong Padewakang Post ship 74-gun Ship of the line Sloop-of-war Toop Trincadour
19th c.	Blackwall frigate Down Easter Golekan Iron-hulled sailing ship Warship Janggolan Lambo Leti leti Palari Tamar West Country Windjammer
20th c.	Montagu whaler

Fishing vessels

Recreational vessels

Special terms

Other types

Nautical operations

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