Makhzen

Politics of Morocco
Constitution
Monarchy
Government
Parliament
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations
flag Morocco portal

Makhzen (Arabic: المخزن, Moroccan Arabic: لمخزن, Berber languages: ⵍⵎⴻⵅⵣⴰⵏ, romanized: Lmexzen) is the governing institution in Morocco and in pre-1957 Tunisia, centered on the monarch and consisting of royal notables, top-ranking military personnel, landowners, security service bosses, civil servants and other well-connected members of the establishment. The term "Makhzen" is also popularly used in Morocco as a word meaning "State" or "Government".

Etymology

The word makhzen (Arabic: مخزن) literally means "warehouse" in Arabic (from khazana 'to store up'[1]), where the king's civil servants used to receive their wages; but this usage of the word became in Moroccan Arabic synonymous with the elite. It is likely a metonymy related to taxes, which the makhzen used to collect; the term may also refer to the state or its actors, but this usage is increasingly rare and is primarily used by the older generation.

It is the origin of the Spanish and Portuguese almacén and armazém (with addition of the Arabic definite article), meaning warehouse. It was also incorporated into French and Italian as magasin (meaning 'store') and magazzino. It came into the English language from Middle French as magazine, originally referring to a storehouse for ammunition and later to publications.[2][3] With the "store" meaning, it was also adopted from French into Russian as Магазин and into Romanian as magazin.

In the Berber culture of Morocco, the Berber equivalent of mekhzen ('warehouse') would be agadir. Berber tribes also considered the agadir (warehouse of the tribe's crops and valuables) as a powerhouse guarded and managed through a legal system.

Makhzen in Morocco

Further information: Pre-colonial Makhzen

The Makhzen is a very ancient notion in Morocco, it roughly coincides with the notion of the feudal state predating the French protectorate in Morocco. Bilād al-makhzen ('the land of the makhzen') was the term for the areas under central government authority, while those areas still run by tribal authority were known as bilād as-siba ('the land of dissidence').[4] Hubert Lyautey, who served as resident-general of Morocco from 1912 until 1925 during the era of the protectorate, was a fervent proponent of indirect colonisation, especially in Berber-speaking areas. Lyautey maintained the role of the Makhzen and even enhanced it by giving important roles to local notables such as Thami El Glaoui. Local notables acted as a relay between the population and the French authorities.[5]

Makhzen in Tunisia

Further information: Makhzen (Tunisia)

Makhzen in Algeria

Further information: Makhzen (Algeria)

See also

References

  1. ^ NOAD
  2. ^ "'Magazine'". Oxford Living Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. 2018. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  3. ^ Dorren, Gaston (August 2019). Babel : around the world in twenty languages. Profile Books. ISBN 978-1-78125-641-1. OCLC 1104596014.
  4. ^ Bernard Hours; Pepita Ould Ahmed (10 April 2015). An Anthropological Economy of Debt. Taylor & Francis. pp. 83–84. ISBN 978-1-317-49708-0.
  5. ^ M. Hamad; K. al-Anani (20 February 2014). Elections and Democratization in the Middle East: The Tenacious Search for Freedom, Justice, and Dignity. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 109–110. ISBN 978-1-137-29925-3.

Read other articles:

Bunda dari Begoña

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Bunda dari BegoñaBunda dari BegoñaDihormati diGereja Katolik RomaTempat ziarahBasilika BegoñaPesta8 OktoberPelindungBiscay Bunda dari Begoña (Nuestra Señora de Begoña, la Madre de Dios de Begoña) dianggap sebagai peristiwa penampakan Perawan Mar...

 

العلاقات الأرمنية الإيرانية

العلاقات الأرمينية الإيرانية أرمينيا إيران   أرمينيا   إيران تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الأرمينية الإيرانية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين أرمينيا وإيران.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة...

 

Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah

Lebanese faqih SayyedMuhammad Hussein Fadl-Allāhالسيد محمد حسين فضل اللهPersonalBorn(1935-11-16)16 November 1935Najaf, Kingdom of IraqDied4 July 2010(2010-07-04) (aged 74)[1]Beirut, LebanonReligionTwelver Shi`a IslamSenior postingBased inBeirut, LebanonPeriod in office1989–2010PostGrand Shia clericWebsitebayynat.org.lb (Arabic, French, English)bayynat.ir (Persian, Urdu) Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah (also Sayyed Muhammad Hussein Fa...

Ricardo Wolf

Menteri luar negeri Israel Golda Meir, Presiden Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, dan Dubes Kuba untuk Israel Ricardo Subirana Y Lobo (Ricardo Wolf) di Yerusalem pada 1960. Ricardo Wolf (dulunya Richard Wolf; 1887–1981) adalah seorang penemu, diplomat dan filantropis asal Israel. Ia adalah mantan duta besar Kuba untuk Israel. Ia adalah pendiri Yayasan Wolf.[1] Pranala luar Website of Wolf Foundation Referensi ^ Ricardo Wolf: from the Jewish scientist to the Cuban diplomat. Diarsipkan dari versi asli...

 

Pasukan Marinir 3

Pasukan Marinir 3Dibentuk11 Mei 2018NegaraIndonesiaCabangKorps MarinirTipe unitSatuan TempurPeranPasukan Pendarat AmfibiBagian dariKorps MarinirMarkasSorong, Papua Barat DayaJulukanPasmar 3MotoRaksa Nusantara CaktiBaret UNGU MaskotBurung RajawaliUlang tahun11 MeiTokohKomandan saat iniBrigadir Jenderal TNI (Mar) SugiantoWakil komandanKolonel (Mar) David Candra Viasco, S.E., M.M. Pasukan Marinir 3 atau (Pasmar 3) merupakan Komando Pelaksana Utama Korps Marinir, yang meliputi wilayah t...

 

趙家驤

追晉陸軍二級上將趙家驤將軍个人资料出生1910年 大清河南省衛輝府汲縣逝世1958年8月23日(1958歲—08—23)（47—48歲） † 中華民國福建省金門縣国籍 中華民國政党 中國國民黨获奖 青天白日勳章（追贈）军事背景效忠 中華民國服役 國民革命軍 中華民國陸軍服役时间1924年－1958年军衔 二級上將 （追晉）部队四十七師指挥東北剿匪總司令部參謀長陸軍�...

Orla coat of arms

Polish coat of arms OrlaDetailsAlternative namesSaszor (Szaszor) and Opola, Opala or Zapale, MściugEarliest mentionc. 14th century as Saszor subsequently also Orla armsTownsvarious territorial manors owned by its membersFamiliesEarliest mentioned member bearers (in order of precedence):[1]* House of Saszowski (historically equally written as Schaschowsky, Saschowsky et al.) arms Saszor; and its branch scions alias Palczowski and Gierałtowski (equally spelt Geraltowski)* House of Bar...

 

Hellenic Army

This article is about the land force of modern Greece. For the military systems in Ancient Greece, see Hoplite. Land branch of the Greek military This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Hellenic ArmyΕλληνικός ΣτρατόςHellenic Army SealFounded1821 (de facto)1828 (official)Country...

 

Woodrum Lake Wildlife Management Area

State Wildlife Management Area in Jackson County, West Virginia Woodrum Lake Wildlife Management AreaIUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)[1]Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) may be found at the Woodrum Lake WMALocation of Woodrum Lake Wildlife Management Area in West VirginiaLocationJackson, West Virginia, United StatesCoordinates38°37′18″N 81°34′53″W / 38.62167°N 81.58139°W / 38.62167; -81.58139[2]Area1,696 acres (6.86 km2)[...

Celebrity

Fame in mass media For other uses, see Celebrity (disambiguation). Television personalities redirects here. For the band, see Television Personalities. Star (person) redirects here. For people named Star, see Star (name). Various celebrities, from top, left to right: Beyoncé • Lionel Messi • Marilyn Monroe • Tom Cruise • Naomi Campbell • Dwayne Johnson Celebrity is a condition of fame and broad public recognition of a person or group as a result of the attention given to them by ma...

 

America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro)

Brazilian association football club For other uses, see América Football Club (disambiguation). Soccer clubAmerica-RJFull nameAmerica Football ClubNickname(s)AFCMecãoDiabo (Devil)Rubro Carioca (Rio's Reds)Sangue (Blood)Founded18 September 1904; 119 years ago (1904-09-18)GroundEstádio Giulite CoutinhoCapacity13,544PresidentRomárioHead coachJosué TeixeiraLeagueCampeonato Carioca2021CariocaWebsiteClub website Home colors Away colors Third colors America F.C. team in 1929. ...

 

Microsoft Outlook

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Outlook (surat elektronik).Microsoft OutlookTipeaplikasi, Perangkat lunak milik perorangan dan email client Versi stabilDaftarAndroid: 4.2327.2 (24 Juli 2023)iOS: 4.2328.0 (25 Juli 2023)Microsoft Windows: 2306 (Build 16529.20182) (11 Juli 2023)macOS: 16.75.1 (18 Juli 2023) GenrePersonal information managerLisensiTrialwareBagian dariMicrosoft Office Karakteristik teknisSistem operasiMicrosoft Windows, macOS, Android dan iOS Bahasa pemrogramanC++ Format kodeDaftarMicr...

بلدة ولينغتون (ميشيغان)

بلدة ولينغتون   الإحداثيات 45°08′22″N 83°48′33″W / 45.139444444444°N 83.809166666667°W / 45.139444444444; -83.809166666667   [1] تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة ألبينا  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 138.3 كيلومتر مربع  ارتفاع 230 متر  عدد السكان  عد...

 

Template talk:Japanese food and drink

This template does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment scale.It is of interest to the following WikiProjects:Food and drink Food portalThis template is within the scope of WikiProject Food and drink, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of food and drink related articles on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.Food and drinkWikipedia:WikiProject Food and drinkTemp...

 

Biosphere

Global sum of all ecosystems on Earth This article is about the sum of all ecosystems. For the sum of all planetary spheres, see Ecosphere (planetary). For other uses, see Biosphere (disambiguation). A false color composite of global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance, from September 2001 to August 2017. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE.[citation needed] The biosphere (from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos) 'life'&...

Amfreville, Calvados

Amfreville Amfreville Vị trí trong vùng Lower Normandy Amfreville Hành chính Quốc gia Pháp Vùng Normandie Tỉnh Calvados Quận Caen Tổng Cabourg Liên xã Campagne et Baie de L'Orne Xã (thị) trưởng Xavier Madelaine(2008-2014) Thống kê Độ cao 0–57 m (0–187 ft)(bình quân 50 m (160 ft)[chuyển đổi: tùy chọn không hợp lệ]) Diện tích đất1 6,06 km2 (2,34 dặm vuông Anh) INSEE/Mã bưu chính 14009/ 14860 Am...

 

Fotografi merpati

Merpati dengan kamera mini Jerman, mungkin selama Perang Dunia Pertama Fotografi merpati adalah teknik fotografi udara yang ditemukan pada tahun 1907 oleh apoteker Jerman, Julius Neubronner, yang juga menggunakan merpati untuk mengantarkan obat-obatan. Seekor merpati pos dilengkapi dengan sabuk pengaman dada aluminium yang dapat dipasangi kamera mini tunda waktu yang ringan. Permohonan paten Jerman Neubronner awalnya ditolak, tetapi diberikan pada bulan Desember 1908 setelah ia menghasilkan f...

 

Psychological Types

1921 book by Carl Gustav Jung This article is about the book by Jung. For the generic usage, see Personality type. Psychological Types CoverAuthorCarl JungOriginal titlePsychologische TypenTranslatorH. Godwyn BaynesLanguageGermanSeriesThe Collected Works of C. G. JungPublisherZurich: Rascher VerlagPublication date1921Published in English1923ISBN0-691-01813-8 (1971 ed.)Websitehdl:2027/uc1.b4377042 Psychological Types (‹See Tfd›German: Psychologische Typen) is a book by Carl Jung ...

Battle of Tiffauges

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (December 2008) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wiki...

 

吾妻徳穂 (初代)

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。 出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: 吾妻徳穂 初代 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL (2011年7月) しょだい あづま とくほ初代 吾妻 徳穂　...