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Madurai
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Madurai district
Madurai district
District
	Clockwise from top-left: Meenakshi Amman Temple, Thirumalai Nayakkar Mahal, Alagar Koyil, Kutladampatti Falls, Jain carvings at Yanamalai Hills
	Location in Tamil Nadu
	Madurai district
	Coordinates: 09°50′N 077°50′E / 9.833°N 77.833°E
Country	India
State	Tamil Nadu
Municipal Corporations	Madurai
Headquarters	Madurai
Taluks	Madurai North, Madurai South, Madurai East, Madurai West, Melur, Peraiyur, Tirumangalam, Thiruparankundram, Usilampatti, Vadipatti, Kalligudi
Government
• Type	District Administration
• Body	Madurai District Collectorate
• District Collector	M. S. Sangeetha, I.A.S.
• Superintendent of Police	Dongare Pravin Umesh, I.P.S.
Area
• Total	3,710 km2 (1,430 sq mi)
• Rank	16
Population (2011)
• Total	3,038,252
• Rank	4
• Density	812/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Tamil and English
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	625xxx
Telephone code	0452
Vehicle registration	TN-58, TN-59, TN-64
Coastline	0 kilometres (0 mi)
Largest city	Madurai
Sex ratio	♂-50.5% / ♀-49.5%
Literacy	81.5%
Lok Sabha constituency	1
Assembly constituency	10
Website	www.madurai.tn.nic.in

Madurai district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India.^[1]^[3] The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of the river Vaigai. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist place in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns are Melur, Vadipatti, Thirumangalam, Thirupparankundram, Peraiyur, and Usilampatti.^[4]

History

The main kingdoms which ruled Madurai are the Pandyas and the Nayaks.^[5]

Geography

The district is bounded by Theni in the west, Sivaganga in the east, Dindigul in the north, Virudhunagar in the south and small parts of Tiruchirappalli in the northeast.

Climate

The climate has extremes. There are three distinct periods of rainfall:

advancing monsoon period and south west monsoon from June to September, with strong southwest winds;
north east monsoon from October to December, with dominant north east winds;
dry season from January to May.
Madurai District is the hottest district of Tamil Nadu throughout the year. district receives average rainfall and heavy heat which is prevails from March to September. madurai recorded 42°C at the time of September month.

Demographics

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1901	666,940	—
1911	769,360	+1.44%
1921	800,795	+0.40%
1931	896,876	+1.14%
1941	1,014,602	+1.24%
1951	1,223,574	+1.89%
1961	1,378,734	+1.20%
1971	1,730,109	+2.30%
1981	2,042,704	+1.67%
1991	2,400,339	+1.63%
2001	2,578,201	+0.72%
2011	3,038,252	+1.66%
source:^[6]

Religions in Madurai district (2011)^[7]
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			90.86%
Islam			5.56%
Christianity			3.22%
Other or not stated			0.36%

According to 2011 census, Madurai district had a population of 3,038,252,^[8] up from 2,578,201 in the 2001 census,^[4] for a growth rate of 17.95%. It had a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males, up from 978 in 2001,^[4] and much above the national average of 929.^[8] A total of 313,978 were under the age of six, constituting 162,517 males and 151,461 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 13.46% and 0.37% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the district was 74.83%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. 60.78% of the population lives in urban areas.^[8]

The district had a total of 794,887 households. There were a total of 1,354,632 workers, comprising 81,352 cultivators, 287,731 main agricultural labourers, 39,753 in house hold industries, 765,066 other workers, 180,730 marginal workers, 11,367 marginal cultivators, 85,097 marginal agricultural labourers, 7,540 marginal workers in household industries and 76,726 other marginal workers.^[8]

Languages of Madurai district (2011)^[9]

Tamil (92.56%)

Saurashtra (3.20%)

Telugu (2.58%)

Others (1.66%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 92.56% of the population spoke Tamil, 3.20% Saurashtra and 2.58% Telugu as their first language.^[9]

Politics

Source:^[10]^[11]
District	No.	Constituency	Name			Remarks
Madurai	188	Melur	P. Selvam	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	None
	189	Madurai East	P. Moorthy	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	SPA
	190	Sholavandan (SC)	A. Venkatesan	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	SPA
	191	Madurai North	G. Thalapathi	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	SPA
	192	Madurai South	M. Boominathan	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK)	SPA
	193	Madurai Central	Palanivel Thiagarajan	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	SPA
	194	Madurai West	Sellur K. Raju	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	None
	195	Thiruparankundram	V. V. Rajan Chellappa	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	None
	196	Tirumangalam	R. B. Udhayakumar	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	None	Deputy Leader of Opposition
	197	Usilampatti	P. Ayyappan	ADMKTUMK	NDA

Madurai district contains the entirety of Madurai Lok Sabha constituency, and parts of Theni and Virudhunagar Lok Sabha constituencies.

Divisions

Madurai district comprises 13 talukas and revenue blocks, same names same boundaries. Under the gram panchayat system rural administration or the district is done by panchayat villages and the taluka headquarters. The revenue blocks are further sub-divided by firkas. The three taluks, Tiruparankundram, Madurai West and Madurai East, were created in February 2014.^[12] The thirteen talukas/blocks are:^[13]^[14]^[15]

2001 census

In the 2001 census, Madurai district had only seven talukas: Madurai North, Madurai South, Melur, Peraiyur, Thirumangalam, Vadipatti, and Usilampatti.^[16]