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Mab's Cross
Mab's Cross
	Mab's Cross in 2005
	Location within Greater Manchester
General information
Town or city	Wigan, Greater Manchester
Country	England
Coordinates	53°33′05″N 2°37′39″W / 53.55139°N 2.62745°W
Completed	13th century
Designations
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official name	Mabs Cross
Designated	10 July 1983
Reference no.	1384526

Mab's Cross, in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England, is a stone cross probably dating from the 13th century with its first recorded mention taking place in 1277. It is one of four stone crosses originally used as waymarkers along the medieval route from Wigan to Chorley.^[1] The cross no longer stands in its original position, having been moved across the road in 1922 as part of a road widening scheme.

Structure

Mab's cross is a scheduled ancient monument.^[1] The monument is the remains of a 13th-century boundary cross in Standishgate, Wigan. The cross was moved from a site on the opposite side of the road in the early-20th century. The grade II* listed structure has a metre-square, 0.57-metre (1.9 ft) high dressed plinth made of two courses of rectangular gritstone blocks. Mounted diagonally on the plinth is a large square cross base with the stump of the cross shaft set into it. On the plinth is a metal plaque relating the legend of Lady Mabel Bradshaigh.^[2]

History

Legend

According to local legend, the cross is named after Lady Mabel Bradshaigh. The legend, recorded in a family history published in 1645, says that when Sir William Bradshaigh, her husband, failed to return from the crusades she married a Welsh knight. When Bradshaigh unexpectedly returned from a ten-year campaign, he murdered his wife's new husband in Newton-le-Willows while he was trying to escape.^[3] Lady Mabel did penance for her bigamy by walking from Haigh Hall to a stone cross in Wigan "bare footed and bare legged" once a week for as long as she lived.^[3] In another version of the legend, recorded by Norris of Speke in 1564, the Welsh knight is named as Henry Teuther, Sir William is absent for seven years on pilgrimage rather than a crusade and the penance involving the cross is not mentioned.^[4]

Reality

Sir William Bradshaigh and his wife were real people. William Bradshaigh married Mabel Norris, the heiress of Blackrod and Haigh, in 1295.^[4] His absence was not due to a pilgrimage or crusades. On 1 November 1315,^[5] Adam Banastre, Henry de Lea, and Sir William Bradshaigh rebelled against Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster in support of the king.^[6] The rebellion ended when the Deputy Sheriff of Lancashire defeated the rebels in battle north of the River Ribble. Bradshaigh escaped and was outlawed. In 1319, it was assumed he was dead^[4] but he returned to his estates after the Earl of Lancaster's execution following defeat at the Battle of Boroughbridge on 16 March 1322.^[4] He was convicted and imprisoned in Kenilworth Castle, and later Pontefract Castle, before he was released in 1324. Rather than killing his wife's husband at Newton-le-Willows, it was Sir William Bradshaigh who was slain there on 16 August 1333 in a fight with members of the Radcliffe family. There is no evidence that Lady Mabel remarried, either before or after her husband's death, or that she did penance at the cross. After her husband's death she funded the creation of two chantry chapels at Blackrod and Wigan. A figure kneeling before a wayside cross featured on her tomb and within 50 years of her death Mab's Cross had taken on her name, suggesting there was a connection.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b Historic England. "Monument no. Mab's Cross (41800)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 15 August 2014.
^ Historic England. "Mabs Cross (1384526)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
^ ^a ^b Adrian Morris. "The Legend of Mab's Cross". Wigan Archaeological Society. Retrieved on 19 June 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Bob Blakeman. ""Mab's Cross" - legend and reality". Wigan Archaeological Society. Retrieved on 19 June 2008.
^ 'The city and parish of Manchester: Introduction', A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4 (1911), pp. 174–187. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41404. Retrieved on 4 August 2008.
^ 'Liverpool: The castle and development of the town', A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4 (1911), pp. 4–36. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41370. Retrieved on 4 August 2008.