Platyrrhini is a parvorder of primates. Members of this parvorder are called platyrrhines, or New World monkeys, and include marmosets, tamarins, and capuchin, squirrel, night, titi, saki, howler, spider, and woolly monkeys. Platyrrhini is one of three clades that form the suborder Haplorrhini, itself one of two suborders in the order Primates. They are found in forests and savannas from South America to Mexico. They range in size from the western pygmy marmoset, at 12 cm (5 in) plus a 17 cm (7 in) tail, to some species of howler monkey in the genus Alouatta, at 92 cm (36 in) plus a 92 cm (36 in) tail. Platyrrhines primarily eat fruit, leaves, and insects. Most platyrrhines do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 250 mature individuals to 10,000. Twenty-one species are categorized as endangered, and a further fourteen species are categorized as critically endangered.

The 163 extant species of Platyrrhini are divided into five families. Aotidae contains eleven night monkey species in a single genus. Atelidae contains twenty-three species divided between one genus in the howler monkey subfamily Alouattinae and three genera in the spider monkey and wooly monkey subfamily Atelinae. Callitrichidae contains 53 species of tamarins and marmosets in seven genera. Cebidae contains eighteen species divided between two genera in the capuchin subfamily Cebinae and one genus in the squirrel monkey subfamily Saimiriinae. Pitheciidae contains 57 species divided between three genera in the titi monkey subfamily Callicebinae and three genera in the uakari and saki monkey subfamily Pitheciinae. Dozens of extinct prehistoric platyrrhine species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.^[1]

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the platyrrhine's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

The parvorder Platyrrhini consists of five extant families: Aotidae, Atelidae, Callitrichidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae. Aotidae contains eleven species in one genus. Atelidae is divided into two subfamilies: Alouattinae, containing twelve species in one genus, and Atelinae, containing eleven species in three genera. Callitrichidae contains 53 species in seven genera. Cebidae is divided into two subfamilies: Cebinae, containing eleven species in two genera, and Saimiriinae, containing one genus of seven species. Pitheciidae is divided into two subfamilies: Callicebinae, containing 32 species in three genera, and Pitheciinae, containing 25 species in three genera.

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.^[3]

Genus Aotus – Illiger, 1811 – eleven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Azara's night monkey	A. azarae (Humboldt, 1811) Three subspecies A. a. azarae A. a. boliviensis (Bolivian night monkey) A. a. infulatus (Feline night monkey)	Central and northeastern South America	Size: 24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[4] Habitat: Forest and savanna[5] Diet: Fruit, as well as nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[5]	LC  Unknown [5]
Black-headed night monkey	A. nigriceps (Dollman, 1909)	Central South America	Size: 24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 30–39 cm (12–15 in) tail[6] Habitat: Forest[7] Diet: Fruit, insects, fruits, leaves, and flowers[7]	LC  Unknown [7]
Brumback's night monkey	A. brumbacki Hershkovitz, 1983	Northwestern South America	Size: 24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[8] Habitat: Forest and savanna[9] Diet: Fruit, as well as nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[9]	VU  Unknown [9]
Gray-bellied night monkey	A. lemurinus I. Geoffroy, 1846	Northwestern South America	Size: 30–32 cm (12–13 in) long, plus 34–35 cm (13–14 in) tail[10] Habitat: Forest[11] Diet: Fruit, nectar, leaves, and insects, as well as small birds and mammals[12]	VU  Unknown [11]
Gray-handed night monkey	A. griseimembra Elliot, 1912	Northwestern South America	Size: 24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[8] Habitat: Forest[13] Diet: Fruit, as well as nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[13]	VU  Unknown [13]
Hernández-Camacho's night monkey	A. jorgehernandezi Defler & Bueno, 2007	Western Colombia	Size: 24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[8] Habitat: Forest[14] Diet: Fruit, as well as nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[14]	DD  Unknown [14]
Nancy Ma's night monkey	A. nancymaae Hershkovitz, 1983	Northwestern South America	Size: About 32 cm (13 in) long, plus about 32 cm (13 in) tail[15] Habitat: Forest[16] Diet: Fruit, nectar, and insects[17]	VU  Unknown [16]
Panamanian night monkey	A. zonalis Goldman, 1914	Northwestern South America and Central America	Size: 30–33 cm (12–13 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[18] Habitat: Forest[19] Diet: Fruit, nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[19]	NT  Unknown [19]
Peruvian night monkey	A. miconax Thomas, 1927	Northwestern South America	Size: 24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[8] Habitat: Forest[20] Diet: Fruit, flowers, leaves, buds, and insects[20]	EN  Unknown [20]
Spix's night monkey	A. vociferans (Spix, 1823)	Northwestern South America	Size: 24–37 cm (9–15 in) long, plus 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[21] Habitat: Forest[22] Diet: Fruit, nectar, flowers, insects, and other small animals[22]	LC  Unknown [22]
Three-striped night monkey	A. trivirgatus (Humboldt, 1811)	Northern South America	Size: 24–47 cm (9–19 in) long, plus 22–42 cm (9–17 in) tail[23] Habitat: Forest[24] Diet: Fruit, insects, nectar and leaves, as well as lizards, frogs and eggs[23]	LC  Unknown [24]

Genus Alouatta – Lacépède, 1799 – twelve species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Amazon black howler	A. nigerrima Lönnberg, 1941	Central South America	Size: 56–91 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 56–91 cm (22–36 in) tail[25] Habitat: Forest and savanna[26] Diet: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, seeds, moss, stems, and termite nests[26]	LC  Unknown [26]
Black howler	A. caraya (Humboldt, 1812)	Central South America	Size: 51–67 cm (20–26 in) long, plus 51–67 cm (20–26 in) tail[27] Habitat: Forest and savanna[28] Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, buds and flowers[27]	NT  Unknown [28]
Bolivian red howler	A. sara Elliot, 1910	Central South America	Size: 54–71 cm (21–28 in) long, plus 52–60 cm (20–24 in) tail[29] Habitat: Forest and savanna[30] Diet: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, seeds, moss, stems, and termite nests[30]	NT  Unknown [30]
Brown howler	A. guariba (Humboldt, 1812) Two subspecies A. g. clamitans (Southern brown howler) A. g. guariba (Northern brown howler)	East South America	Size: 55–92 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 58–92 cm (23–36 in) tail[31] Habitat: Forest[32] Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[33]	VU  Unknown [32]
Colombian red howler	A. seniculus (Linnaeus, 1766) Two subspecies A. s. juara (Juruá red howler) A. s. seniculus (Colombian red howler)	Northwestern South America	Size: 48–63 cm (19–25 in) long, plus 52–80 cm (20–31 in) tail[34] Habitat: Forest and savanna[35] Diet: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, seeds, moss, stems, and termite nests[36]	LC  Unknown [35]
Guyanan red howler	A. macconnelli Linnaeus, 1766	Northern South America	Size: 55–92 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 58–92 cm (23–36 in) tail[31] Habitat: Forest and savanna[37] Diet: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, seeds, moss, stems, and termite nests[37]	LC  Unknown [37]
Mantled howler	A. palliata (Gray, 1849) Five subspecies A. p. aequatorialis (Ecuadorian mantled howler) A. p. coibensis (Coiba Island howler) A. p. mexicana (Mexican howler) A. p. palliata (Golden-mantled howler) A. p. trabeata (Azuero howler)	Northwestern South America, Central America, and southern Mexico	Size: 38–58 cm (15–23 in) long, plus 52–67 cm (20–26 in) tail[38] Habitat: Forest[39] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers[38]	VU  Unknown [39]
Maranhão red-handed howler	A. ululata Elliot, 1912	Northeastern Brazil	Size: 55–92 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 58–92 cm (23–36 in) tail[31] Habitat: Forest and savanna[40] Diet: Fruit and leaves[40]	EN  250–2,500 [40]
Red-handed howler	A. belzebul (Linnaeus, 1766)	Northeastern and eastern Brazil	Size: 40–65 cm (16–26 in) long, plus 58–10 cm (23–4 in) tail[41] Habitat: Forest[42] Diet: Leaves, bark, and twigs, as well as flowers[41]	VU  Unknown [42]
Spix's red-handed howler	A. discolor (Spix, 1823)	Central Brazil	Size: 55–92 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 58–92 cm (23–36 in) tail[31] Habitat: Forest[43] Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as flowers, bark, decaying wood, termite nests, and twigs[43]	VU  Unknown [43]
Ursine howler	A. arctoidea A. Cabrera, 1940	Northern South America	Size: 55–92 cm (22–36 in) long, plus 58–92 cm (23–36 in) tail[31] Habitat: Forest and savanna[44] Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as buds, flowers, seeds, moss, stems, and termite nests[44]	LC  Unknown [44]
Yucatán black howler	A. pigra Lawrence, 1933	Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico and Central America	Size: 52–71 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 50–69 cm (20–27 in) tail[34] Habitat: Forest[45] Diet: Fruit, leaves, buds, and flowers[46]	EN  Unknown [45]

Genus Ateles – Geoffroy, 1806 – seven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-headed spider monkey	A. fusciceps Gray, 1866 Two subspecies A. f. fusciceps (Brown-headed spider monkey) A. f. rufiventris (Colombian spider monkey)	Northwestern South America (in red)	Size: 40–55 cm (16–22 in) long, plus 70–85 cm (28–33 in) tail[47] Habitat: Forest[48] Diet: Fruit, leaves, nuts, seeds, and insects, as well as eggs[47]	EN  Unknown [48]
Brown spider monkey	A. hybridus I. Geoffroy, 1829	Northwestern South America	Size: 45–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 74–81 cm (29–32 in) tail[49] Habitat: Forest[50] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, seeds, bark, honey, decaying wood, termites, and caterpillars[51]	CR  Unknown [50]
Geoffroy's spider monkey	A. geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820 Six subspecies A. g. azuerensis (Azuero spider monkey) A. g. frontatus (Black-foreheaded spider monkey) A. g. geoffroyi (Nicaraguan spider monkey) A. g. grisescens (Hooded spider monkey) A. g. ornatus (Ornate spider monkey) A. g. vellerosus (Mexican spider monkey)	Central America and southern Mexico (in blue)	Size: 30–63 cm (12–25 in) long, plus 63–84 cm (25–33 in) tail[52] Habitat: Forest[53] Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers, as well as nuts, seeds, insects, arachnids, and eggs[52]	EN  Unknown [53]
Peruvian spider monkey	A. chamek (Humboldt, 1812)	Central South America	Size: 40–60 cm (16–24 in) long, plus 70–88 cm (28–35 in) tail[49] Habitat: Forest[54] Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, insects, and leaves[55]	EN  Unknown [54]
Red-faced spider monkey	A. paniscus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Northern South America	Size: 38–63 cm (15–25 in) long, plus 50–89 cm (20–35 in) tail[56] Habitat: Forest[57] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, seeds, roots, and fungi[58]	VU  Unknown [57]
White-bellied spider monkey	A. belzebuth Geoffroy, 1806	Northwestern South America	Size: 34–59 cm (13–23 in) long, plus 61–88 cm (24–35 in) tail[59] Habitat: Forest[60] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, seeds, roots, decaying wood, honey, and insects[60]	EN  Unknown [60]
White-cheeked spider monkey	A. marginatus Geoffroy, 1809	North-central South America	Size: 38–63 cm (15–25 in) long, plus 50–89 cm (20–35 in) tail[56] Habitat: Forest[61] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, seeds, roots, decaying wood, honey, and insects[61]	EN  Unknown [61]

Genus Brachyteles – Geoffroy, 1806 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Northern muriqui	B. hypoxanthus (Kuhl, 1820)	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 46–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 72–81 cm (28–32 in) tail[62] Habitat: Forest[63] Diet: Leaves, fruit, vines, flowers, bark, nectar, and seeds[62]	CR  1,000 [63]
Southern muriqui	B. arachnoides (Geoffroy, 1806)	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 46–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 72–81 cm (28–32 in) tail[62] Habitat: Forest[64] Diet: Fruit, leaves, flowers, and seeds[65]	CR  Unknown [64]

Genus Lagothrix – Geoffroy, 1812 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Common woolly monkey	L. lagotricha (Humboldt, 1812) Five subspecies L. l. cana (Gray woolly monkey) L. l. lagothricha (Brown woolly monkey) L. l. lugens (Colombian woolly monkey) L. l. poeppigii (Silvery woolly monkey) L. l. tschudii (Peruvian woolly monkey)	Northwestern South America	Size: 55–69 cm (22–27 in) long, plus 60–72 cm (24–28 in) tail[66] Habitat: Forest, savanna[67] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, seeds, and insects[66]	VU  Unknown [67]
Yellow-tailed woolly monkey	L. flavicauda Humboldt, 1812	Western South America	Size: 44–53 cm (17–21 in) long, plus 60–65 cm (24–26 in) tail[68] Habitat: Forest[69] Diet: Fruit, leaves, insects, moss, buds, and flowers[69]	CR  1,000–10,000 [69]

Genus Callimico – Miranda-Ribeiro, 1922 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Goeldi's marmoset	C. goeldii Thomas, 1904	Western South America	Size: 21–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 25–33 cm (10–13 in) tail[70] Habitat: Forest[71] Diet: Fruit, insects, and fungi, as well as lizards, frogs, and other small vertebrates[70]	VU  Unknown [71]

Genus Callithrix – Erxleben, 1777 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-tufted marmoset	C. penicillata (Geoffroy, 1812)	Eastern South America	Size: 22–28 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 44–56 cm (17–22 in) tail[72] Habitat: Forest and savanna[73] Diet: Tree sap, as well as fruit, insects, arthropods, molluscs, and small vertebrates[74]	LC  Unknown [73]
Buffy-headed marmoset	C. flaviceps (Thomas, 1903)	Eastern South America	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[75] Habitat: Forest[76] Diet: Plant gum, as well as fruit, seeds, nectar, and flowers[75]	CR  2,000–2,500 [76]
Buffy-tufted marmoset	C. aurita (Geoffroy, 1812)	Eastern South America	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77] Habitat: Forest[78] Diet: Ants, termites, larvae, caterpillars, and large-winged insects[79]	EN  10,000–11,000 [78]
Common marmoset	C. jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Eastern South America	Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 29–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[80] Habitat: Forest and savanna[81] Diet: Tree sap, insects, spiders, fruit, flowers, and nectar, as well as small lizards, bird's eggs, nestlings, and frogs[80]	LC  Unknown [81]
White-headed marmoset	C. geoffroyi (Humboldt, 1812)	Eastern South America	Size: 18–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus about 29 cm (11 in) tail[82] Habitat: Forest and savanna[83] Diet: Fruit, insects, and plant gums, as well as flowers, nectar, frogs, snails, lizards, and spiders[84]	LC  Unknown [83]
Wied's marmoset	C. kuhlii Coimbra-Filho, 1985	Eastern South America	Size: 20–22 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 27–31 cm (11–12 in) tail[85] Habitat: Forest[86] Diet: Sap, fruit, flowers, nectar, seeds, insects, and spiders[87]	VU  Unknown [86]

Genus Leontocebus – Wagner, 1840 – seven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean saddle-back tamarin	L. leucogenys (Gray, 1866)	Western South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[92] Diet: Fruit pulp, sap, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[92]	LC  Unknown [92]
Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin	L. cruzlimai (Hershkovitz, 1966)	Central South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[93] Diet: Fruit, sap, nectar, vegetation, spiders, small vertebrates, and eggs[91]	LC  Unknown [93]
Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin	L. nigrifrons (I. Geoffroy, 1850)	Western South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[94] Diet: Fruit pulp, sap, nectar, invertebrates and small vertebrates[94]	LC  Unknown [94]
Illiger's saddle-back tamarin	L. illigeri (Pucheran, 1845)	Western South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[95] Diet: Fruit pulps, sap, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[95]	NT  Unknown [95]
Lesson's saddle-back tamarin	L. fuscus (Lesson, 1840)	Western South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[96] Diet: Fruit, nectar, gum, and small animals[96]	LC  Unknown [96]
Red-mantled saddle-back tamarin	L. lagonotus (Espada, 1870)	Western South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[97] Diet: Fruit pulp, sap, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[97]	LC  Unknown [97]
Weddell's saddle-back tamarin	L. weddelli (Deville, 1849) Three subspecies L. w. crandalli (Crandall's saddle-back tamarin) L. w. melanoleucus (White-mantled tamarin) L. w. weddelli	Western South America	Size: About 19 cm (7 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[98] Habitat: Forest[99] Diet: Fruit pulp, sap, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[99]	LC  Unknown [99]

Genus Leontopithecus – Lesson, 1840 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black lion tamarin	L. chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823)	Southeastern South America	Size: 20–34 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[100] Habitat: Forest[101] Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as lizards, birds, other small vertebrates, and bird eggs[100]	EN  1,600 [101]
Golden lion tamarin	L. rosalia (Linnaeus, 1766)	Southeastern South America	Size: 20–37 cm (8–15 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[102] Habitat: Forest[103] Diet: Spiders, snails, small lizards, eggs, small birds, fruit, and vegetables[102]	EN  1,400 [103]
Golden-headed lion tamarin	L. chrysomelas (Kuhl, 1820)	Eastern South America	Size: 20–34 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 31–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[104] Habitat: Forest[105] Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as lizards, birds, other small vertebrates, and bird eggs[104]	EN  Unknown [105]
Superagüi lion tamarin	L. caissara Lorini & Guerra, 1990	Southeastern South America	Size: About 30 cm (12 in) long, plus about 43 cm (17 in) tail[106] Habitat: Forest[107] Diet: Fruit, flowers, gum, and nectar, as well as insects, small lizards, and snakes[108]	EN  250 [107]

Genus Mico – Lesson, 1840 – sixteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-headed marmoset	M. nigriceps Ferrari & Lopes, 1992	Central South America	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77] Habitat: Forest[109] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[109]	NT  Unknown [109]
Black-tailed marmoset	M. melanurus (Geoffroy, 1812)	Central South America	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77] Habitat: Savanna and shrubland[110] Diet: Insects, spiders, small vertebrates, eggs, fruit, and sap[77]	NT  Unknown [110]
Emilia's marmoset	M. emiliae (Thomas, 1920)	Central South America	Size: About 22 cm (9 in) long, plus about 34 cm (13 in) tail[111] Habitat: Forest and savanna[112] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[112]	LC  Unknown [112]
Gold-and-white marmoset	M. chrysoleucos (Wagner, 1842)	Central South America	Size: 19–26 cm (7–10 in) long, plus 30–36 cm (12–14 in) tail[113] Habitat: Forest[114] Diet: Gum and sap, as well as seeds, fruit, nuts, insects, and small vertebrates[113]	LC  Unknown [114]
Hershkovitz's marmoset	M. intermedius Hershkovitz, 1977	Central South America	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77] Habitat: Forest[115] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[115]	LC  Unknown [115]
Marca's marmoset	M. marcai Alperin, 1993	Central South America	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77] Habitat: Forest[116] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[116]	VU  Unknown [116]
Maués marmoset	M. mauesi R. A. Mittermeier, Schwarz & Ayres, 1992	Central South America	Size: 19–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 34–38 cm (13–15 in) tail[117] Habitat: Forest[117] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[117]	LC  Unknown [117]
Munduruku marmoset	M. munduruku Costa-Araújo, Farias, Hrbek, 2019	Central South America	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77] Habitat: Forest[118] Diet: Insects, spiders, small vertebrates, eggs, fruit, and sap[77]	VU  Unknown [118]
Rio Acarí marmoset	M. acariensis (M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen, R. A. Mittermeier, & Rylands, 2000)	Central South America	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77] Habitat: Forest[119] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[119]	LC  Unknown [119]
Rondon's marmoset	M. rondoni Ferrari, Sena, Schneider, & Silva Jr., 2010	Central South America	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77] Habitat: Forest[120] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[120]	VU  Unknown [120]
Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset	M. humilis (M. Roosmalen, 1998)	Central South America	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77] Habitat: Forest[121] Diet: Insects, fruit and gum[121]	LC  Unknown [121]
Santarem marmoset	M. humeralifer (Geoffroy, 1812)	Central South America	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77] Habitat: Forest[122] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[122]	NT  Unknown [122]
Satéré marmoset	M. saterei Noronha & Silva Jr., 1998	Central South America	Size: 19–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 34–36 cm (13–14 in) tail[123] Habitat: Forest[123] Diet: Insects, spiders, small vertebrates, eggs, fruit, and sap[77]	LC  Unknown [123]
Schneider's marmoset	M. schneideri Costa-Araújo et al., 2021	Central South America (in dark gray)	Size: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail[77] Habitat: Forest[124] Diet: Insects, spiders, small vertebrates, eggs, fruit, and sap[77]	EN  Unknown [124]
Silvery marmoset	M. argentatus (Linnaeus, 1766)	Central South America	Size: 20–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 26–33 cm (10–13 in) tail[82] Habitat: Forest and savanna[125] Diet: Sap and gum, as well as fruit, insects, and leaves[126]	LC  Unknown [125]
White marmoset	M. leucippe (Thomas, 1922)	Central South America	Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 26–37 cm (10–15 in) tail[127] Habitat: Forest[127] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[127]	LC  Unknown [127]

Genus Saguinus – Hoffmannsegg, 1807 – seventeen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Brown-mantled tamarin	S. fuscicollis Spix, 1823 Four subspecies S. f. avilapiresi (Avila Pires' saddle-back tamarin) S. f. fuscicollis (Spix's saddle-back tamarin) S. f. mura (Mura's saddleback tamarin) S. f. primitivus (Lako's saddleback tamarin)	West-central South America	Size: 21–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus about 43 cm (17 in) tail[128] Habitat: Forest[129] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[129]	LC  Unknown [129]
Black-mantled tamarin	S. nigricollis Spix, 1823 Three subspecies S. n. graellsi (Graells's tamarin) S. n. hernandezi (Hernandez-Camacho's black-mantle tamarin) S. n. nigricollis (Spix's black mantle tamarin)	West-central South America	Size: 22–23 cm (9 in) long, plus 35–37 cm (14–15 in) tail[130] Habitat: Forest[131] Diet: Insects, fruit, seeds, flowers, nectar, and gum[130]	LC  Unknown [131]
Black tamarin	S. niger (Geoffroy, 1803)	Eastern South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[132] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[132]	VU  Unknown [132]
Cotton-top tamarin	S. oedipus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Northwestern South America	Size: 20–25 cm (8–10 in) long, plus 33–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[82] Habitat: Forest[133] Diet: Insects, fruit, and gum[134]	CR  2,000 [133]
Eastern black-handed tamarin	S. ursula Hoffmannsegg, 1807	Eastern South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[135] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[135]	VU  Unknown [135]
Emperor tamarin	S. imperator (Goeldi, 1907) Two subspecies S. i. imperator (Black-chinned emperor tamarin) S. i. subgrisescens (Bearded emperor tamarin)	Western South America	Size: 23–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 35–43 cm (14–17 in) tail[136] Habitat: Forest[137] Diet: Fruit, insects, and tree sap, as well as lizards, tree frogs, and bird eggs[136]	LC  Unknown [137]
Geoffroy's tamarin	S. geoffroyi (Pucheran, 1845)	Northwestern South America and southeastern Central America	Size: 20–29 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 31–42 cm (12–17 in) tail[138] Habitat: Forest[139] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[139]	NT  Unknown [139]
Golden-handed tamarin	S. midas (Linnaeus, 1758)	Northeastern South America	Size: 20–28 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 31–44 cm (12–17 in) tail[140] Habitat: Forest and savanna[141] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[141]	LC  Unknown [141]
Golden-mantled tamarin	S. tripartitus H. Milne-Edwards, 1878	Western South America	Size: 21–24 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 31–35 cm (12–14 in) tail[142] Habitat: Forest[143] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[143]	NT  Unknown [143]
Martins's tamarin	S. martinsi (Thomas, 1912) Two subspecies S. m. martinsi (Martin's bare-face tamarin) S. m. ochraceus (Ochraceous bare-faced tamarin)	Central South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[144] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[144]	NT  Unknown [144]
Mottle-faced tamarin	S. inustus (Schwartz, 1951)	West-central South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[145] Diet: Fruit, insects, and spiders[145]	LC  Unknown [145]
Moustached tamarin	S. mystax (Spix, 1823) Two subspecies S. m. mystax (Spix's moustached tamarin) S. m. pluto (White-rumped moustached tamarin)	West-central South America	Size: 24–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus about 38 cm (15 in) tail[146] Habitat: Forest[147] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, insects, sap, gum, and soil[148]	LC  Unknown [147]
Pied tamarin	S. bicolor Spix, 1823	Central South America	Size: 20–29 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 33–42 cm (13–17 in) tail[149] Habitat: Forest[150] Diet: Fruit, flowers, and sap, as well as gum and insects[149]	CR  Unknown [150]
Red-capped tamarin	S. pileatus I. Geoffroy & Deville, 1848	Central South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[151] Diet: Fruit pulp, sap, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[151]	LC  Unknown [151]
White-footed tamarin	S. leucopus (Günther, 1877)	Northwestern South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[152] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[152]	VU  Unknown [152]
White-lipped tamarin	S. labiatus (Humboldt, 1812) Three subspecies S. l. labiatus S. l. rufiventer S. l. thomasi (Thomas' moustached tamarin)	Central South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[153] Diet: Fruit, nectar, insects, and sap[154]	LC  Unknown [153]
White-mantled tamarin	S. melanoleucus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1912	West-central South America	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail[91] Habitat: Forest[155] Diet: Fruit, flowers, nectar, gum, sap, frogs, snails, lizards, spiders, and insects[155]	LC  Unknown [155]

Genus Cebus – Erxleben, 1777 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Colombian white-faced capuchin	C. capucinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Three subspecies C. c. capucinus C. c. curtus (Gorgona white-faced capuchin) C. c. imitator (Panamanian white-faced capuchin)	Northwestern South America and southeastern Central America	Size: 33–46 cm (13–18 in) long, plus about 55 cm (22 in) tail[156] Habitat: Forest and savanna[157] Diet: Fruit and nuts, as well as insects, other invertebrates, and small vertebrates including squirrels, tree rats, lizards, and birds[158]	VU  Unknown [157]
Kaapori capuchin	C. kaapori Queiroz, 1992	Northeastern South America	Size: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 30–56 cm (12–22 in) tail[159] Habitat: Forest[160] Diet: Fruit, insects, and seeds[160]	CR  Unknown [160]
Wedge-capped capuchin	C. olivaceus Schomburgk, 1848	Northern South America	Size: 37–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 40–55 cm (16–22 in) tail[161] Habitat: Forest[162] Diet: Fruit, palm nuts, seeds, berries, small vertebrates, and invertebrates[163]	LC  Unknown [162]
Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin	C. albifrons Humboldt, 1812 Six subspecies C. a. aequatorialis (Ecuadorian capuchin) C. a. albifrons (White-fronted capuchin) C. a. cuscinus (Shock-headed capuchin) C. a. trinitatis (Trinidad white-fronted capuchin) C. a. unicolor (Spix's white-fronted capuchin) C. a. versicolor (Varied white-fronted capuchin)	Central South America	Size: About 37 cm (15 in) long, plus about 42 cm (17 in) tail[164] Habitat: Forest and savanna[165] Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, other small invertebrates, palm nuts, figs, and nectar[166]	LC  Unknown [165]

Genus Sapajus – Kerr, 1792 – seven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black capuchin	S. nigritus Goldfuss, 1809 Two subspecies S. n. cucullatus S. n. nigritus	Southeastern South America	Size: 32–55 cm (13–22 in) long, plus 35–50 cm (14–20 in) tail[167] Habitat: Forest[168] Diet: Fruit, berries, seeds, leaves, and nuts, as well as young frogs, birds, insects, and eggs[167]	NT  Unknown [168]
Azaras's capuchin	S. cay (Illiger, 1815)	Central South America	Size: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 30–56 cm (12–22 in) tail[159] Habitat: Forest and savanna[169] Diet: Fruit, seeds, arthropods, frogs, birds, primates, and small mammals, as well as stems and flower buds[169]	VU  Unknown [169]
Black-striped capuchin	S. libidinosus Spix, 1823	Eastern South America	Size: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 30–56 cm (12–22 in) tail[159] Habitat: Forest and savanna[170] Diet: Fruit, seeds, arthropods, frogs, birds, and small mammals, as well as stems, flowers and leaves[170]	NT  Unknown [170]
Blond capuchin	S. flavius Schreber, 1774	Eastern South America	Size: 33–40 cm (13–16 in) long, plus 36–50 cm (14–20 in) tail[171] Habitat: Forest[171] Diet: Fruit, insects, palm nuts, and sugar cane[171]	EN  500 [171]
Crested capuchin	S. robustus Kuhl, 1820	Eastern South America	Size: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 30–56 cm (12–22 in) tail[159] Habitat: Forest[172] Diet: Fruit, seeds, arthropods, frogs, birds, and small mammals, as well as stems, flowers and leaves[172]	EN  Unknown [172]
Golden-bellied capuchin	S. xanthosternos Wied-Neuwied, 1826	Eastern South America	Size: 35–49 cm (14–19 in) long, plus 37–49 cm (15–19 in) tail[173] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[174] Diet: Fruit, seeds, nectar, pith, stems, nuts, berries, flowers, leaves, bird eggs, insects, frogs, small reptiles, birds, bats, other small mammals, oysters, and crabs[173]	CR  2,500 [174]
Tufted capuchin	S. apella (Linnaeus, 1758) Two subspecies C. a. apella C. a. margaritae (Margarita Island capuchin)	Northern South America	Size: 38–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 38–39 cm (15–15 in) tail[10] Habitat: Forest and savanna[175] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, pith, eggs, insects, reptiles, birds, and small mammals[176]	LC  Unknown [175]

Genus Saimiri – Voigt, 1831 – seven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bare-eared squirrel monkey	S. ustus (I. Geoffroy, 1843)	Central South America	Size: 26–36 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 35–43 cm (14–17 in) tail[177] Habitat: Forest[178] Diet: Fruit, insects, and spiders, as well as flowers, nectar, seeds, bird eggs, and small vertebrates[178]	NT  Unknown [178]
Black squirrel monkey	S. vanzolinii Ayres, 1985	Central South America	Size: About 32 cm (13 in) long, plus 41 cm (16 in) tail[179] Habitat: Forest[180] Diet: Fruit and insects, as well as small vertebrates, flowers, seeds, leaves, and nectar[179]	EN  Unknown [180]
Black-capped squirrel monkey	S. boliviensis (I. Geoffroy & Blainville, 1834) Two subspecies S. b. boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey) S. b. peruviensis (Peruvian squirrel monkey)	Western South America	Size: 27–32 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 38–42 cm (15–17 in) tail[161] Habitat: Forest[181] Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as berries, nuts, flowers, seeds, leaves, arachnids, small vertebrates, and eggs[182]	LC  Unknown [181]
Central American squirrel monkey	S. oerstedii Reinhardt, 1872 Two subspecies S. o. citrinellus (Grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkey) S. o. oerstedii (Black-crowned Central American squirrel monkey)	Southern Central America	Size: 22–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 37–47 cm (15–19 in) tail[183] Habitat: Forest[184] Diet: Fruit, berries, seeds, gums, leaves, buds, insects, arachnids, and small vertebrates[183]	EN  Unknown [184]
Collins' squirrel monkey	S. collinsi (Osgood, 1914)	Northern South America (in red)	Size: 26–30 cm (10–12 in) long, plus 38–39 cm (15–15 in) tail[185] Habitat: Forest[185] Diet: Fruit and insects[185]	LC  Unknown [185]
Guianan squirrel monkey	S. sciureus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Northern South America (in green)	Size: About 32 cm (13 in) long, plus 41 cm (16 in) tail[186] Habitat: Forest[187] Diet: Fruit and insects, as well as leaves and seeds[186]	LC  Unknown [187]
Humboldt's squirrel monkey	S. cassiquiarensis (Lesson, 1840) Three subspecies S. c. albigena S. c. cassiquiarensis S. c. macrodon	Northwestern South America (in yellow)	Size: 25–35 cm (10–14 in) long, plus about 38 cm (15 in) tail[188] Habitat: Forest[189] Diet: Arthropods, fruit, and flowers[189]	LC  Unknown [189]

Genus Callicebus – Thomas, 1903 – five species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Atlantic titi monkey	C. personatus (Geoffroy, 1812)	Eastern South America	Size: 31–42 cm (12–17 in) long, plus 41–56 cm (16–22 in) tail[190] Habitat: Forest[191] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and seeds[191]	VU  Unknown [191]
Barbara Brown's titi monkey	C. barbarabrownae (Hershkovitz, 1990)	Eastern South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Savanna and shrubland[193] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, vegetation, insects, eggs, and small vertebrates and invertebrates[192]	CR  100-250 [193]
Black-fronted titi monkey	C. nigrifrons (Spix, 1823)	Eastern South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[194] Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers, as well as arthropods[194]	NT  Unknown [194]
Coastal black-handed titi monkey	C. melanochir (Wied-Neuwied, 1820)	Eastern South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[195] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves[195]	VU  Unknown [195]
Coimbra Filho's titi monkey	C. coimbrai Kobayashi, 1999	Eastern South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest and savanna[196] Diet: Fruit, leaves, flowers, seeds, and insects, as well as birds[196]	EN  250–2,500 [196]

Genus Cheracebus – Byrne et al., 2016 – five species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black titi monkey	C. lugens (Humboldt, 1811)	Northern South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest and savanna[197] Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, flowers, insects, and spiders[197]	LC  Unknown [197]
Collared titi monkey	C. torquatus (Hoffmannsegg, 1807)	Central South America	Size: 23–36 cm (9–14 in) long, plus about 46 cm (18 in) tail[198] Habitat: Forest[199] Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as leaves and insects[198]	LC  Unknown [199]
Colombian black-handed titi monkey	C. medemi (Hershkovitz, 1963)	Northwestern South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[200] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[200]	VU  Unknown [200]
Lucifer titi monkey	C. lucifer (Thomas, 1914)	Northwestern South America	Size: 30–45 cm (12–18 in) long, plus 39–50 cm (15–20 in) tail[201] Habitat: Forest[202] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, insects, and bird eggs[201]	LC  Unknown [202]
Red-headed titi monkey	C. regulus (Thomas, 1927)	Northwestern South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[203] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[203]	LC  Unknown [203]

Genus Plecturocebus – Byrne et al., 2016 – 22 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Ashy black titi monkey	P. cinerascens (Spix, 1823)	Central South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[204] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[204]	LC  Unknown [204]
Baptista Lake titi monkey	P. baptista Lönnberg, 1939	Central South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[205] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[205]	LC  Unknown [205]
Brown titi monkey	P. brunneus (Wagner, 1842)	West-central South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[206] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[206]	VU  Unknown [206]
Caquetá titi monkey	P. caquetensis Defler, Bueno, & García, 2010	Northwestern South America	Size: 31–34 cm (12–13 in) long, plus 36–64 cm (14–25 in) tail[207] Habitat: Forest[208] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves, as well as flowers, arthropods, and stems[208]	CR  Unknown [208]
Chestnut-bellied titi monkey	P. caligatus (Wagner, 1842)	Central South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[209] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[209]	LC  Unknown [209]
Coppery titi monkey	P. cupreus (Spix, 1823)	Western South America	Size: 28–39 cm (11–15 in) long, plus about 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail[210] Habitat: Forest[211] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[211]	LC  Unknown [211]
Hershkovitz's titi monkey	P. dubius (Hershkovitz, 1988)	Western South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[212] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[212]	LC  Unknown [212]
Hoffmanns's titi monkey	P. hoffmannsi (Thomas, 1908)	Central South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[213] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[213]	LC  Unknown [213]
Madidi titi monkey	P. aureipalatii (Wallace, Gómez, A. M. Felton, & A. Felton, 2006)	Western South America	Size: 29–32 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 48–53 cm (19–21 in) tail[10] Habitat: Forest[214] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[214]	LC  Unknown [214]
Milton's titi monkey	P. miltoni Dalponte, Silva, & Silva Júnior, 2014	Central South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[215] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, vegetation, insects, eggs, and small vertebrates and invertebrates[192]	DD  Unknown [215]
Olalla brothers' titi monkey	P. olallae Lönnberg, 1939	Western South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest and savanna[216] Diet: Fruit and leaves[216]	CR  Unknown [216]
Ornate titi monkey	P. ornatus (Gray, 1866)	Northwestern South America	Size: 30–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 38–45 cm (15–18 in) tail[217] Habitat: Forest[218] Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, leaves, and flowers[217]	VU  Unknown [218]
Prince Bernhard's titi monkey	P. bernhardi (M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen, & R. A. Mittermeier, 2002)	Central South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[219] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds[219]	LC  Unknown [219]
Red-bellied titi monkey	P. moloch (Hoffmannsegg, 1807)	Northeast-central South America	Size: 27–43 cm (11–17 in) long, plus 35–55 cm (14–22 in) tail[10] Habitat: Forest[220] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, insects, eggs, and small vertebrates[221]	LC  Unknown [220]
Rio Beni titi monkey	P. modestus (Lönnberg, 1939)	Western South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest and savanna[222] Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers and invertebrates[222]	EN  Unknown [222]
Rio Mayo titi monkey	P. oenanthe (Thomas, 1924)	Western South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[223] Diet: Fruit and insects, as well as seeds, flowers, leaves, and shoots[223]	CR  Unknown [223]
Stephen Nash's titi monkey	P. stephennashi M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen, & R. A. Mittermeier, 2002)	Central South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Unknown[224] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and seeds[224]	DD  Unknown [224]
Toppin's titi monkey	P. toppini (Thomas, 1914)	Western South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[225] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves and insects[225]	LC  Unknown [225]
Urubamba brown titi monkey	P. urubambensis (Vermeer & Tello-Alvarado, 2015)	Western South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[226] Diet: Fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and seeds[226]	LC  Unknown [226]
Vieira's titi monkey	P. vieirai Gualda-Barros, Nascimento, & Amaral, 2012	Central South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest[227] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, vegetation, insects, eggs, and small vertebrates and invertebrates[192]	CR  Unknown [227]
White-coated titi monkey	P. pallescens (Thomas, 1907)	Central South America	Size: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail[192] Habitat: Forest and savanna[228] Diet: Fruit, flowers, and vines[228]	LC  Unknown [228]
White-eared titi monkey	P. donacophilus (d'Orbigny, 1836)	West-central South America	Size: About 32 cm (13 in) long, plus 48–51 cm (19–20 in) tail[229] Habitat: Forest[230] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, seeds, and insects[231]	LC  Unknown [230]
White-tailed titi monkey	P. discolor (I. Geoffroy & Deville, 1848)	Northwestern South America	Size: 29–45 cm (11–18 in) long, plus 35–64 cm (14–25 in) tail[232] Habitat: Forest[233] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and flowers[233]	LC  Unknown [233]