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Trinidad white-fronted capuchin
Conservation status
	; Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Cebidae
Genus:	Cebus
Species:	C. albifrons
Subspecies:	C. a. trinitatis
Trinomial name
	Cebus albifrons trinitatis; (Pusch, 1942)

The Trinidad white-fronted capuchin is a subspecies (Cebus albifrons trinitatis) or species (Cebus trinitatis) of gracile capuchin monkey. It is found on the island of Trinidad.

Taxonomy

Boubli et al. found in a 2012 study that the capuchins on Trinidad had derived from within C. olivaceus brunneus (or more specifically, the mitochondrial genes of the single Trinidad specimen they sampled derived from brunneus).^[2]^[3]^[4] However, the morphological distinctiveness of Trinidad populations has led to doubts over its taxonomic position. Further complicating this taxonomy is the fact that subsequent morphological inspection of the C. brunneus specimens used for the study found them to be distinct from the actual type specimen of C. brunneus.^[5] Due to this controversy, taxonomic authorities take differing views on the Trinidad capuchins; the IUCN Red List classifies them as a distinct, critically endangered species (C. trinitatis), the American Society of Mammalogists recognizes them as conspecific with C. brunneus, and the ITIS considers them a subspecies of the Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin (C. a. trinitatis).^[6]^[7] Furthermore, the ITIS listing for C. a. trinitatis notes:

Anthony Rylands (email dated 8 March, 2021) indicates that Cebus albifrons trinitatis Pusch, 1942 should no longer be considered a junior synonym of C. brunneus Allen, 1914, due to reconsideration of the specimens used in Boubli et al. (2012). New work on the genus is pending which will address this.

Habitat and distribution

The Trinidad white-fronted capuchin is found on the island of Trinidad.^[8]^[9] It prefers primary forest but is also found in various types of secondary forest.^[8] It tends to prefer moister and less disturbed forest than other capuchin species.^[8]

The Trinidad white-fronted capuchin is classified as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, having a population of only 50 mature individuals.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Seyjagat, J.; Biptah, N.; Ramsubage, S.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2021). "Cebus trinitatis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T4085A115560059. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T4085A115560059.en. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
^ Miller, Lynne E. (2016). Rowe, Noel; Myers, Marc (eds.). All the World's Primates. Pogonias Press. p. 283. ISBN 9781940496061.
^ Boubli, Jean P.; et al. (2012). "Cebus Phylogenetic Relationships: A Preliminary Reassessment of the Diversity of the Untufted Capuchin Monkeys" (PDF). American Journal of Primatology. 74 (4): 1–13. doi:10.1002/ajp.21998. PMID 22311697. S2CID 12171529. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
^ Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates. Lynx. pp. 410–411. ISBN 978-8496553897.
^ Urbani, B.; Boubli, J.P.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2021). "Cebus brunneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T81237954A17981252. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T81237954A17981252.en. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
^ "ITIS - Report: Cebus albifrons". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
^ "Explore the Database". www.mammaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates. Lynx. pp. 408–409. ISBN 978-8496553897.
^ Phillips, Kimberley A.; Jack, Katherine M. (2016). Rowe, Noel; Myers, Marc (eds.). All the World's Primates. Pogonias Press. p. 282. ISBN 9781940496061.