During this period the main divisions occurred between two sides; the imperialist who sought to annex Costa Rica to the First Mexican Empire and the Republican who sought full independence from Costa Rica. The monarchicals or monarchists also advocated the recognition of Agustín de Iturbide as emperor.
During the period of permanence of Costa Rica in the First Mexican Empire, Emperor Agustín de Iturbide was the monarch of the country as of the rest of the Empire. However, imperial sovereignty was not universally recognized. The disputes between imperialists loyal to Iturbide and Republicans seeking full independence led to the first Costa Rican civil war.
President of the Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1839)
Between 1824 and 1838 Costa Rica was a member of the Federal Republic of Central America, and the president was the federal president of the country, although the political influence of the federal government was minimal.
February 14, 1835 – February 1, 1839 (1835, Costa Rica splits from the Federation).
Military
Liberal Party
Heads of State of Costa Rica (1824–1847)
Between 1824 and 1847 and according to the Constitutions of the United Provinces of Central America (1824), of Costa Rica from 1825 and 1844, the chief of the executive branch bore the title of supreme chief or first chief.
Liberals almost completely dominated Costa Rican politics during this period, to the point that many historians call this the "Liberal State". In Costa Rica there was no war between liberals and conservatives as was common in the rest of Latin America and even coup d'etats and de facto governments were mostly between liberal factions. The only conservative president of this period was José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado who did not end his term. Another conservative, Nicolás Ulloa Soto, never took office.[2]
Current title of the head of state and government since the Constitution of 1847. The historiography tends to divide this historical period in two, the previous one to the civil war of 1948 and the subsequent one to it. During the first period from 1847 to 1948, the liberals almost completely dominated Costa Rican politics. The liberal hegemony only broke briefly with the government of Vicente Herrera Zeledón (who however had been elected by the liberals) who ruled de facto for just over a year between 1876 and 1877. Even the dictator Federico Tinoco whose dictatorship lasted two years was also liberal. In addition, Costa Rican politics was then (and continues to be to some extent) eminently personalist, so political parties such as Civil, National, Peliquista and Republican revolved mostly around leaders and political figures and not ideologies although, in general terms, they usually be diffusely associated with liberalism.
Costa Rican liberalism was also closely linked to the coffee-growing oligarchy and an important sector of the aristocracy. Attempts to create party alternatives not only formally ideological but more to the left were the Reform Party of Father Jorge Volio Jiménez, strongly influenced by the Catholic social teaching and Christian socialism and Manuel Mora Valverde's Workers and Peasants Block (which precisely it would break with the Reform Party after Volio's alliance with the liberal Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno of the Republican Party) that would lead to the Costa Rican Communist Party. However, even after the war, an important influence of liberal thinking could be seen in the presidents emanated from opposition coalitions as well as within the Social Christian Unity Party.
The National Republican Party led several liberals to the presidency, however, it would be under the government of perhaps its most famous president Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia that the reforms known as the Social Guarantees would be given for the benefit of the poorest classes and would be one of the triggers of the war of 48.[3]
After the rupture of the constitutional order in 1948 when the third and last Costa Rican civil war broke out, the victorious side formed by the National Liberation Movement exercised de facto power for 18 months under the self-appointed Founding Junta of the Second Republic chaired by José Figueres Ferrer who proclaimed the beginning of the Second Costa Rican Republic.
The National Liberation Party, of social democratic ideology and led by the war-winning leader José Figueres Ferrer would become the main political force after 48, but both Calderonistas and liberals would remain active allying with each other, which would allow the governments of Mario Echandi Jiménez and José Joaquín Trejos Fernández. Following the merger of almost all the antiliberacionista opposition grouped in the Unity Coalition in the Social Christian Unity Party in 1983, this party and the National Liberation would form a solid bipartisanism so that all presidents between 1982 and 2014 belonged to one of these two parties. It is in 2014 that bipartisanship is broken with the coming to power of Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera, first president of the post-bipartisan stage and belonging to a party that was not linked to the two major traditional political tendencies (liberationism and calderonism) the Citizens' Action Party that had already been the main opposition force for two previous periods.[5]
Federasi Sepak Bola Nasional TajikistanAFCDidirikan1936Kantor pusatDushanbeBergabung dengan FIFA1994Bergabung dengan AFC1994PresidenGeneral Sukhrob KosimovWebsitehttp://www.fft.tj Federasi Sepak Bola Nasional Tajikistan (Inggris: Tajikistan National Football Federation disingkat TNFF) adalah badan pengedali Sepak bola di Tajikistan. Federasi ini didirikan pada tahun 1936 di RSS Tajikistan dan apa yang digunakan untuk menjadi Kekhanan dari Kokand sebagai sebuah federasi-sub Federasi Sepak ...
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Pachyta lamed Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Cerambycidae Genus: Pachyta Spesies: Pachyta lamed Pachyta lamed adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Pachyta, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia. Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada batang kayu hidup atau kayu yang t...
BurrinjucosteusTemporal range: Emsian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Artist's reconstruction Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: †Placodermi Order: Arthrodira Family: BuchanosteidaeWhite, 1952 Genus: Burrinjucosteus Species: B. asymmetricus Binomial name Burrinjucosteus asymmetricusWhite, 1978 Burrinjucosteus asymmetricus is an extinct buchanosteid arthrodire placoderm. Its fossils have been found in Emsian-aged marine strata of New South Wales, Austra...
American politician (born 1956) Scott TiptonMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Colorado's 3rd districtIn officeJanuary 3, 2011 – January 3, 2021Preceded byJohn SalazarSucceeded byLauren BoebertMember of the Colorado House of Representativesfrom the 59th districtIn officeJanuary 9, 2009 – January 2, 2011Preceded byRay RoseSucceeded byDon Coram Personal detailsBornScott Randall Tipton (1956-11-09) November 9, 1956 (age 67)Española...
西維珍尼亞 美國联邦州State of West Virginia 州旗州徽綽號：豪华之州地图中高亮部分为西維珍尼亞坐标：37°10'N－40°40'N, 77°40'W－82°40'W国家 美國加入聯邦1863年6月20日（第35个加入联邦）首府（最大城市）查爾斯頓政府 • 州长（英语：List of Governors of {{{Name}}}]]） • 副州长（英语：List of lieutenant governors of {{{Name}}}]]）吉姆·賈斯蒂斯（R）米奇·卡邁克爾（...
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International Christian youth organization Not to be confused with Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade. This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Girls' Brigade – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) For more than 125 years, Girls' Brigade has been making a difference to the live...
بغداد الجديدة الاسم الرسمي بغداد الجديدة الإحداثيات 33°18′20.9″N 44°29′12″E / 33.305806°N 44.48667°E / 33.305806; 44.48667 تقسيم إداري بلد العراق محافظة محافظة بغداد منطقة بغداد الجديدة عدد السكان المجموع 530,450 تعديل مصدري - تعديل بغداد الجديدة هي واحدة من تسع أحي�...
У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Дуб (значення). ДубПеріод існування: палеоген (можливо, пізня крейда) – сьогодення Дуб звичайний (Quercus robur) типовий Біологічна класифікація Царство: Рослини (Plantae) Клада: Судинні рослини (Tracheophyta) Клада: Покритонасінні (An...
Person who represents the Russian Federation to the United Nations The Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations is the leader of Russia's diplomatic mission to the United Nations.Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United NationsEmblem of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of RussiaIncumbentVasily Nebenzyasince July 27, 2017AppointerPresident of RussiaTerm lengthat the pleasure of the PresidentFormationDecember 20, 1945 (72 years ago)Fir...
2013–2018 Syrian siege east of Damascus Siege of Eastern GhoutaPart of the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign, and the Syrian civil warAerial bombardment of Eastern Ghouta by the Syrian Air Force on 8 February 2018Date7 April 2013[2] – 14 April 2018[8][9][10] (5 years and 1 week)LocationEastern Ghouta, Rif Dimashq Governorate, SyriaResult Syrian Army and allies victory Series of evacuation deals for rebel fighters Douma chemical attack[11] 2...
National Order of Merit Grand Cross set of the order.Awarded by the Republic of ParaguayTypeOrder of meritEstablished8 April 1865StatusCurrently awardedGrades1- Grand Cross (Presidential Collar of Marshal López)2- Grand Officer 3- Commander4- Officer 5- KnightPrecedenceNext (higher)None (highest)Next (lower)Order of Military MeritRibbon of the order The National Order of Merit (Spanish: Orden Nacional del Mérito) of Paraguay is an award given by the government of Paraguay. The award was fir...
В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Биберштайн. Арно Биберштайн Личная информация Пол мужской Страна Германская империя Специализация плавание Дата рождения 17 октября 1886(1886-10-17) Место рождения Магдебург, Бранденбург, Пруссия, Германский рейх Д...
هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. الشُطَّار طائفة من أهل الدعارة والنهب واللصوصية كانوا يمتازون بملابس خاصة بهم وكانوا لا يعدون اللصوصية جريمة وإنما يعدونها صناعة ويحللونها باعتبار أن ما يستولون عليه من أمو...
Titre correct : « Café de la petite reine ». En raison de limitations techniques, la typographie souhaitable du titre n’a pu être restituée correctement. Portail Projet Arborescence Contribuer Café de la petite reine Café de la petite reineSection de Wikipédia consacrée à la discussion du portail Cyclisme Avenue des cafés et bistros Le Café des Sports est l'endroit tout désigné pour discuter de toute la coordination des articles et l'évolution de la partie sports de la Wi...
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