Juan Mora Fernández

Juan Mora Fernàndez
Portrait of Fernández by Lorenzo Fortino

Head of state of Costa Rica
In office 1824/1825–1833
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Mariano Montealegre Bustamante (1824–1825), José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado (1825–1829)
President of Supreme Court of Costa Rica
In office 1850–1854
Preceded by	Rafael Ramírez Hidalgo
Succeeded by	Rafael Ramírez Hidalgo

Personal details
Born	12 July 1784 San José, Costa Rica
Died	16 November 1854(1854-11-16) (aged 70)
Political party	Liberal

Juan Mora Fernández (July 12, 1784 – November 16, 1854) was a Costa Rican teacher and principal who served as Costa Rica's first elected head of state.^[1] He was considered a liberal and decided to move the capital from Cartago to Puntarenas. Mora was elected as the first head of state in 1824 (provisional until 1825).^[2]

He is remembered for instituting land reform, and he followed a progressive course. As a consequence of his land reform structure, he inadvertently created an elite class of powerful coffee barons. Under his tenure he signed the Acta de Indepencia. The barons eventually overthrew one of his later successors, José María Alfaro Zamora.

From 1850 to 1854 he was Magistrate and President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Costa Rica; he died shortly after he resigned. The first printing press arrived in Costa Rica under his tenure.^[3]

Biography

Juan Mora Fernàdez was born on July 12, 1788, in San José, Costa Rica, to Mateo Mora Valverde and Lucia Encarnación Fernàndez. He attended his primary school in San José and studied Latin grammar and philosophy in León, Nicaragua. He also became a teacher and a principal in a primary school in Alajuela. He became secretary at the city hall at San José, participated actively for the struggle of independence, joined the Junta Superior Gebernativa between 1821 and 1824. He also became a head of Congress and the Supreme Court of Justice.^[4]

References

^ Murphy, Paul (2003). Insight Costa Rica. Langenscheidt Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-88729-137-1.
^ Nohlen, Dieter (2005-04-14). Elections in the Americas A Data Handbook Volume 1: North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-155793-4.
^ Murphy, Paul; Guides, Insight (2003). Insight Costa Rica. Langenscheidt Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-88729-137-1.
^ Diaz-Arias, David; Hurtado, Ronny Viales; Hernández, Juan José Marín (2018). Historical Dictionary of Costa Rica. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-0242-8.

External links

Media related to Juan Mora Fernández at Wikimedia Commons

Political offices
Preceded by Office established	Head of State of Costa Rica 1825–1833	Succeeded by José Rafael Gallegos

v t e Presidents and heads of state of Costa Rica
1825–1848	Juan Mora Fernández Gallegos Carrillo Joaquín Mora Aguilar Carrillo Morazán Pinto Alfaro Oreamuno Gallegos Alfaro Castro
After 1848	Castro Miguel Mora Juan Mora Porras Montealegre Jiménez Zamora Castro Jiménez Zamora Carranza Guardia Esquivel Sáenz Herrera Guardia Lizano Fernández Soto Durán Rodríguez Zeledón Yglesias Esquivel Ibarra González Víquez Jiménez Oreamuno González Flores Tinoco Quirós Aguilar Acosta Jiménez Oreamuno González Víquez Jiménez Oreamuno Cortés Calderón Guardia Picado Figueres Ferrer Ulate Figueres Ferrer Echandi Orlich Trejos Figueres Ferrer Oduber Carazo Monge Arias Calderón Fournier Figueres Olsen Rodríguez Echeverría Pacheco Arias Chinchilla Solís Alvarado Chaves
Costa Rica portal

v t e Presidents of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica
Free State of Central America	Aguilar Chacón (1824 November - 1825 January) Gutiérrez y Lizaurzábal (1824 setiembre - November) Umaña Fallas 1825 April - May) Alvarado Hidalgo (1825 January - February) Alvarado Alvarado (1825 February - April) Zeledón Mora (1825 June - November) Romero Castro (1825 November – December) Arias Zamora (1826 January – February) Rivas Ramírez (1826 March - May) Alfaro Zamora (1826 May - August) Castro Ramírez (1827 May – June) Carrillo Colina (1828 March) Flores Pérez (1828 September) Peralta del Corral (1829 November - 1830 February) Alfaro Arias (1830 May - June) Esquivel Azofeifa (1830 May - June) Francisco Osejo (1831 January – April) Campo Guerrero (1831 July - August) Fonseca González (1831 May - June) Peralta del Corral (1832 setiembre – December) Andrés Rivera (1834 March – April) Bonilla Nava (1836 August - December) Sáenz Ulloa (1836 January - February) Alfaro Saborío (1837 January – February) Blanco Zamora (1837 March – April) Oreamuno Bonilla (1837 March – April) Sancho Alvarado (1837 September - 1838 May)
Free State of Costa Rica	Mora Fernández (1843 August – December) Madriz Cervantes (1843 June - August) Sancho Alvarado (1844 January - May) Ramírez Hidalgo (1844 July - November) Castro Madriz (1845 November 1844 - December) Reyes Frutos (1846 December - 1846 February) Carazo Bonilla (1846 March – June) Toledo (1846 September – 1847 May) Alfaro Zamora (1847 May - September)
First Costa Rican Republic	Mora Porras (1847 November - 1848 June) Carazo Bonilla (1848 September - 1849 December) Oreamuno Bonilla (1850 January - 1856 May) García-Escalante Nava (1857 October - 1858 August) Castro Madriz (1859 October - December) Volio Llorente (1860 – 1863) Carazo Bonilla (1860-1861) Ramírez Hidalgo (1861-1862) Carazo Bonilla (1862-1863) Escalante Navas (1863 May - August) Ramírez Hidalgo (1863 May - August) Calvo Rosales (1864 – 1867) Iglesias Llorente (1864-1865) Montealegre Fernández (1867 – 1868) Iglesias Llorente (1867 – 1868) Ulloa Solares (1869 January – February) Echeverría Alvarado (1869 May - 1870 April) Bonilla Nava (1869 - 1876) Guardia Gutiérrez (1882 – 1883) Carazo Peralta (1883 – 1886) Esquivel Sáenz (1886 – 1889) Aragón Quesada (1889 – 1890) Iglesias Llorente (1890-1892) Durán Cartín (1892) León-Páez y Brown (1894 – 1900) Iglesias Llorente (1900 – 1903) Jiménez Oreamuno (1900 – 1903) Fernández Acuña (1904 – 1905) Tinoco Iglesias (1905 – 1908) Quirós Segura (1905 – 1908) Jiménez Oreamuno (1909-1910) Gutiérrez Iglesias (1910 – 1913) Fernández Alvarado (1913 – 1914) Pacheco Cabezas (1914 – 1916) Fernández Alvarado (1916-1917) Núñez Gutiérrez (1917 – 1918) Pacheco Cabezas (1917 April - June) Astúa Aguilar (1917-1918) Calderón Muñoz (1917-1918) Faerron Suárez (1918 – 1919) Astúa Aguilar (1919) Volio Jiménez (1920 – 1925) Cortés Castro (1925-1926) Volio Jiménez (1926-1929) Alvarado Quirós (1929-1930 Rohrmoser Carranza (1929-1930) Calderón Muñoz (1931-1932) Volio Jiménez (1932-1935) Castro Beeche (1935-1936) Arias Bonilla (1936-1938) Calderón Guardia (1938-1940) Cortés Fernández (1940-1941) Picado Michalski (1941-1944) Albertazzi Avendaño (1944-1945) Grillo Ocampo (1944-1945) Fonseca Chamier (1946-1948)
Second Costa Rican Republic	Rodríguez Conejo (1949-1952) Bonilla Baldares (1952-1953) Facio Segreda (1953-1956) Cortés Fernández (1956-1958) Montero Padilla (1958-1960) Lara Bustamante (1960-1961) Leiva Quirós (1961-1962) Espinach Escalante (1962-1963) París Steffens (1963-1964) Solano Orfila (1964-1965) París Steffens (1965-1966) Carazo Odio (1966-1967) Garrón Salazar (1967-1968) Volio Jiménez (1968-1969) Molina Quesada (1969-1970) Oduber Quirós (1970-1973) Monge Álvarez (1973-1974) Carro Zúñiga (1974-1977) Soley Soler (1977-1978) Madrigal Nieto (1978-1979) Aguilar Facio (1979-1980) Grillo Rivera (1980-1981) Tattenbach Iglesias (1981-1982) Garrón Salazar (1982-1983) Villanueva Badilla (1983-1984) Jiménez Monge (1984-1985) Vargas Sanabria (1985-1986) Karspinsky Dodero (1986-1987) Volio Jiménez (1987-1988) Valenciano Chaves (1988-1989) Arias Angulo (1989-1990) Trejos Fonseca (1990-1991) Rodríguez Echeverría (1991-1992) Tovar Faja (1992-1993) Chaverri Soto (1993-1994) Cañas Escalante (1994-1995) Álvarez Desanti (1995-1996) Coto Molina ((1996-1997) Weisleder Weisleder (1997-1998) Fishman Zonzinski (1998-1999) Vargas Pagán (1999-2000) Contreras López (2000-2001) Pacheco Salazar (2001-2002) Laclé Castro (2002-2003) Redondo Poveda (2003-2004) González Esquivel (2004-2006) Pacheco Fernández (2006-2010) Villanueva Monge (2010-2011) Mendoza García (2011-2012) Granados Calvo (2012-2013) Mendoza Jiménez (2013-2014) Mora Jiménez (2014-2015) Ortiz Fábrega (2015-2016) Álvarez Desanti (2016-2017) Ramírez Zamora (2017-2018) Hidalgo Herrera (2018-2019) Benavides Jiménez (2019-2020)

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