List of first women lawyers and judges in South America
List of women who were first to achieve certain legal milestones in South America
This is a list of the first women lawyer(s) and judge(s) in South America. It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are the first women in their country to achieve a certain distinction such as obtaining a law degree.
María Romilda Servini:[3][4][5] First female lawyer to work as a prosecutor in Argentina's criminal justice system (1974). She later became the first judge (and female) to return two minors appropriated during the civil-military dictatorship (1976-1983).
Nelly Sfeir Gonzalez:[24] First president of reconstituted Union Femenina Universitaria (Union of Women University Students). A licensed lawyer in Bolivia, she was also a law student activist and protest organizer that demanded the vote for women (1952).
Graciela Lara de Penaranda:[25] First female lawyer to receive a doctorate in Altos Estudios Militares (DAEM) [HIgher Military Studies] (1966)
Elizabeth Iñiguez de Salinas and Silvia Salame Farjat:[29][30] First females to serve as titular magistrates of the Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (1999; formerly the Constitutional Court of Bolivia when established in 1998). Iñiguez de Salinas later became the first female President of the same court.
Elena Lowenthal:[31] First female appointed as the Vocal (District Judges) for the Superior Court of Bolivia (2002)
Amalia Morales:[32] First Aymara female to become a judge in Bolivia (2010)
Cristina Mamani:[33][34] First indigenous (Aymara) female elected as a judge in Bolivia (2011)
Abigail Salas:[35][36] First female candidate for the Attorney General of Bolivia (2012). Salas was unsuccessful, as she was disqualified from the race.
Brazil
Law Degree
Maria Coelho da Silva Sobrinha, Maria Fragoso e Delmira Secundina da Costa and Maria Augusta C. Meira Vasconcelos:[37][38] First females to obtain law degrees in Brazil (1888-1898)
Lawyers
Esperança Garcia:[39] First female (an enslaved Black woman) to act as an attorney in Brazil (1770)
Maria José Saraiva:[41][42][43][44][45] First female lawyer to present a case before a Jury Court in Brazil
Zuleika Sucupira Kenworthy:[46] First female to hold the position of prosecutor in Brazil and Latin America (specifically in São Paulo from 1948 to 1978)
Sônia Taciana Sanches Goulart:[68] First female to serve as a Labor judge in Brazil (1960)
Mary de Aguiar Silva:[69][70] First female Black judge appointed in Brazil (1962)
Maria Rita Soares de Andrade:[71][72] First female appointed as a federal judge in Brazil (1967). She was also the first female lawyer in the states of Bahia and Sergipe.
Maria Thereza de Andrade Braga Haynes:[73] First female to serve as a Judge of the Justice of the Federal District and Territories (1974) and its President (1988)
Lydia Dias Fernandes:[74][75] First female judge to serve as a President of a Court of Justice in Brazil (Court of Justice of Pará; 1979–1981)
Ana Maria Goffi Flaquer Scartezzini, Anna Maria Pimentel, Lúcia Valle Figueiredo Collarile and Diva Prestes Marcondes Malerbi:[46] First females to serve as Judges of the then newly created Federal Regional Court of the Third Region of Brazil (1989). Pimentel was the first female to serve as the court's President (2003).[76]
Cnea Cimini Moreira de Oliveira:[77] First female to serve as a Minister of the Supreme Labor Court of Brazil (1990-1999)
Eliana Calmon:[78][79] First female to serve as a Minister of the Superior Court of Justice of Brazil (1999-2013)
Maria Elizabeth Guimarães Teixeira Rocha:[81] First female to serve as a Minister of the Superior Military Court of Brazil (2007) and well as its President (2014)
Nancy Andrighi:[82] First female elected as the General Corrector (Electoral General Attorney) of the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil (2011)
Carla Santillo:[85] First female to serve as the President of the State Audit Court of Brazil (2015)
Laurita Hilário Vaz:[86] First female to serve as the President of the Superior Court of Justice of Brazil (2016)
Cristina Peduzzi:[87] First female Minister to serve as the President of the Superior Labor Court of Brazil (2020)
Edilene Lôbo:[88] First Black female to serve as a Minister of the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil (2023)
Chile
Matilde Throup (1892):[89] First female to earn a law degree (1891) and become a lawyer in Chile
Claudina Acuña Montenegro (1923):[90][91] First female judge in Chile (1925)
Luz Adriana Olguin Buche:[92] First female elected as a counselor to the Chilean Bar Association (1955)
Mónica Maldonado Croquevielle:[93] First female to serve as the Judicial Prosecutor of the Supreme Court of Chile (1960)
Fannie Leibovich Guberman:[93][94] First female to serve as a Minister (Judge) and President of a Court of Appeals in Chile (upon her appointment as a Minister and later the President of the Court of Appeals of Valparaíso in 1971 and 1972 respectively)
María Paz Constanza Jaramillo Loaiza:[105] First female lawyer sworn in by the Court of First Instance and Guarantee of Rapa Nui (2021) [Chile's Easter Island]
Andrea Muñoz Sánchez:[106] First female to serve as the surrogate President of the Supreme Court of Chile (2021)
Belkis Florentina Izquierdo Torres:[126][127] First indigenous (Arhuaco) female to serve as an Auxiliary Magistrate of the Superior Council of the Judiciary of Colombia (2014)
Dayana Bisbicus:[128] First Awa-Kwaiker female lawyer in Colombia
Mariana Yépez Andrade (1971):[131][132][133][134][135] First female appointed as a prosecutor (c. 1975) in Ecuador. She is also the first female to serve as a Judge of the Superior Court of Justice in Quito (1975-1978). She is also the first female Attorney General of Ecuador (1999).
Nina Pacari:[136] First Kichwa-Otavalo Sarance female lawyer in Ecuador
Mariana Yumbay:[137] First indigenous (Waranka) female judge in Ecuador (2012)
Beliza Coro Guairacaja (2012):[138] First Puruhá female lawyer in Ecuador
Ruth Seni Pinoargote:[139][140] First female to serve as the President of a Superior Court of Justice in Ecuador [Portoviejo, Manabí Province], as well as the first female Minister (Judge) of the Constitutional Court of Ecuador
Hélène Sirder (1978):[144] First female Guyanese lawyer in French Guiana. She became the first female Bâtonnière of the Guyane Bar Association in 1992.[145]
Constance Rézaire-Loupec (c. 1970):[146] First female magistrate in French Guiana (1978)
Ena Luckhoo:[149] First Indian female lawyer in Guyana
Norma Jackson:[150] First female magistrate when Guyana was known as British Guiana (c. 1958)
Désirée Bernard (1964):[151][152][153] First female judge in Guyana (upon her appointment as a Judge of the High Court of Guyana in 1980). She is also the first female appointed as a Justice of Appeal in the Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court of Guyana (1992), Chief Justice (1996), Chancellor of the Judiciary of Guyana and the Caribbean (2001) and Judge of the Caribbean Court of Justice (2005).
Claudette La Bennett:[154][155] First female to serve as a Chief Magistrate in Guyana (1990)
Pearlene Roach:[156][157] First female to serve as President of the Guyana Bar Association (c. 1995)
Claudette Singh (1973), Rosalie Robertson (1983), and Roxane George-Wiltshire (1990):[158][159] First females appointed as Senior Counsels in Guyana (2017). Singh was the first female Deputy Solicitor General of Guyana whereas George-Wiltshire was the first female to serve as Guyana's Director of Public Prosecutions.[160]
Shalimar Ali-Hack:[161] First Muslim female appointed as a Senior Counsel in Guyana (2019). She is also Guyana's first Muslim female attorney (1990), as well as the first Muslim female to serve as the Director of Public Prosecutions.
Paraguay
Serafina Dávalos (1907):[162][163] First female lawyer and judge in Paraguay (she became a member of the Superior Court of Justice of Paraguay in 1910)
Myriam Peña Candia:[163][164][165][166][167][168] First female prosecutor (1977) and Judge of the Court of First Instance in Paraguay (1980). In 2021, she became the first Paraguayan (female) to run for the position of Judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
Amparo Maura Samaniego de Paciello:[169] First female to serve as the President of the Paraguayan Bar Association
María Salomé González de Ohta:[172] First South American and Paraguayan (female) to practice law in Japan (2008)
Luciana Ferreira Barboza (2018):[173] First Yshyr female lawyer in Paraguay
Sandra Quiñónez:[174] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Paraguay (2018)
Peru
Trinidad María Enríquez (1878):[175][176] First Peruvian woman to earn a law degree. Enriquez was denied the ability to practice law and fought her case until her death in 1891. [Peru]
Rosalind Catriona Cheek:[192] First female appointed as the Acting Attorney General (28 March 2011; 21 November 2017) and Acting Coroner (21 November 2017)
Martha Henriëtte Kreps (1958):[193] First female lawyer in Suriname. She was preceded by an unknown woman who became the first female to pass the bar exam in Suriname in 1933, but supposedly did not practice.[194][195]
Rosemarie Currie:[196] First female notary in Suriname (c. 1970s)
Héloïse Rozenblad:[193][197] First female prosecutor in Suriname (1980). She was also the first female to serve as the Attorney General of the High Court of Justice of Suriname (appointed 1997).
Anoeradha Akkal-Ramautar, Rinette Djokarto, and Maya Fokké-Manohar:[200][201] First females to serve as members of the newly formed Constitutional Court of Suriname (2020)
^""Muero defendiendo la justicia": Fanny González". "Yo no vine a la corte a llorar ni a suplicar clemencia". Eran las 4:36 p.m. del miércoles 6 de noviembre de 1985, cuando Fanny González Franco, la primera mujer nombrada en propiedad como magistrada de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, pronunció estas palabras. (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-03-18.
^Reporter, S. (2018, September 23). When two arms of the Law clash, the video goes viral. <em>Guyana Chronicle (Georgetown, Guyana)</em>. Available from NewsBank: Access World News: https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=AWNB&docref=news/16E9D932820C1BE0.
^Liendo was the first to qualify and she later became an educator and the first female to hold a managerial position at the Lima Bar Association. Cardenas was considered the first female trial lawyer in Peru.
^"Faculty of Law YEARBOOK 2013". UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARTÍN DE PORRES FACULTY OF LAW / UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARTIN DE PORRES LIMA - PERU. January 2013.
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