List of first women lawyers and judges in Africa

This is a list of the first women lawyer(s) and judge(s) in Africa. It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are the first women in their country to achieve a certain distinction such as obtaining a law degree.

KEY

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By country

Algeria

Angola

  • Maria do Carmo Medina (1925-2014) (1948):[18][19][20][21] First female lawyer in Angola. She was also the first (female) Vice President of the then newly created Supreme Court of Angola (1990).[22][23]
  • Efigénia Mariquinha dos Santos Lima Clemente (1985), Maria Immaculate Lourenço da Conceição Neto (1988), and Luzia Bebiana de Almeida Sebastião (1991):[24][25][26][27] First females appointed as Judges of the Constitutional Court of Angola (2008)
  • Exalgina Gambôa:[28][29] First female to serve as the President of the Angolan Court of Auditors (2018)
  • Laurinda Cardoso (b. 1975):[30] First female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Court of Angola (2021)
  • Efigénia Mariquinha dos Santos Lima Clemente (1985):[31] First native-born female to serve as the Vice-President of the Supreme Court of Angola (2023)
  • Inocencia Pinto:[32] First female to serve as the Deputy Attorney General of Angola (2023)

Benin

Botswana

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cameroon

Cape Verde

Lígia Lubrino Dias Fonseca: First (female) Bastonária of the Cape Verde Bar Association (2001)

Central African Republic

  • Thérèse Dejean (b. 1946) (c. 1970s):[98][99] First female magistrate in the Central African Republic
  • Danièle Darlan (b. 1952), Clémentine Fanga Napala, Sylvia Pauline Yawet Kengueleoua, and Marie Serra:[100] First females to serve as members of the Constitutional Court of the Central African Republic (2013). In 2017, Darlan became the first female elected President of the Constitutional Court.[101]
  • Adelaïde Dembélé and Emmanuelle Ducos:[102] First females appointed as members of the Special Criminal Court of the Central African Republic (2017). In 2018, Ducos was elected as the first (female) Vice-President of the Special Criminal Court.[103]

Chad

Comoros

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Djibouti

  • Korane Ahmed Aouled:[125] First Djiboutian woman to start a legal practice in the private sector in Djibouti
  • Khadija Abeba:[126][127][128] First female judge in Djibouti (1977).[129][130] She is also the first female to serve as President of the High Court of Appeal of Djibouti and the Supreme Court of Djibouti (both in 1996).
  • Fatouma Mahamoud:[131] First female to serve as the President of the Bar Association of Djibouti (2007)
  • Ismahan Mahamoud Ibrahim:[132] First female to serve as the First President of the Court of Accounts of Djibouti (2017)

Egypt

Aisha Rateb: First female law professor and ambassador (1979) in Egypt
  • Munira Thabit (1929) and Naima Ilyas al-Ayyubi (1933):[133][134] First female lawyers in Egypt[135]
  • Mufidah Abdul Rahman:[136][137] First female lawyer to take cases to the Court of Cassation in Egypt, the first woman to practice law in Cairo, Egypt, the first woman to plead a case before a military court in Egypt, and the first woman to plead cases before courts in the south of Egypt
  • Insaf al-Borai:[138][139][140] First female judge in the United Arab Republic (1958; a republic signifying the union of Egypt and Syria from 1958 to 1971)
  • Tahani al-Gebali:[141] First female judge in Egypt (upon her appointment to the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt in 2003)
  • Aisha Rateb (1955):[46][142] First female law professor at Cairo University, Egypt (as well as the first in the country)
  • Sally al-Saidi:[143] First female appointed as a Judge of the Criminal Court (2009) and the Head of the Court of Cassation of Egypt (2013)
  • Dalia al-Namaky:[144] First female appointed as the Chief Judge of the Family Courts in Egypt (2010)
  • Namira Negm:[145] First (Egyptian) female to serve as the Legal Counsel for the African Union (2017)
  • Hasnaa Shaaban Abdullah:[146][147] First female judge to preside over a court in Egypt (upon her appointment as the President of the Tanta Economic Court in 2018)
  • Fatima Qandil:[148] First female to serve as the President of the Criminal Court of Egypt (2019)
  • Mona Ibrahim Mohamed Tawila:[149][150][151] First female to serve as the head of a department of the High Court of Appeal of Egypt (2020)
  • Radwa Helmi:[152][153][148] First female appointed as a Judge and President of the Supreme Administrative Court of Egypt (2022)
  • Hind Ahmed Ali Aliwa Amar, Radwa Helmi, and Mona Mahmoud Ahmed Rushdi Mahmoud:[154] First females appointed as Judges at the State Council of Egypt (2024)

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Eswatini

  • Qinisile Mabuza (1978):[160][161] First female lawyer and prosecutor in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland). She later became the first female judge in 2005 (upon her appointment as Judge of the High Court of Eswatini).[162]
  • Mumcy Dlamini:[163] First female to serve as the Acting Director of Public Prosecutions in Eswatini (2006)
  • Lorraine Hlophe and Dumsile Faith Dlamini:[164] First females appointed as Judges of the Industrial Court of Eswatini (2021)

Ethiopia

Gabon

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

  • Charlotte Laurence (1986):[213] First female lawyer in Guinea
  • Fatoumata Binta Diallo (1998):[214] First woman who registered to practice law in the Bar of the Republic of Guinea Conakry (Barreau de la République de Guinée)
  • Madeleine Thea:[213][215] First female judge in Guinea
  • Aïssatou Toure:[213] First female to serve as the Attorney General of a Court of Appeal in Guinea
  • Mariama Souadou Diallo:[215][216] First female prosecutor of the magistracy of Guinea
  • Rouguiatou Barry:[217] First female to serve as a member of the Constitutional Court of Guinea (2015)

Guinea-Bissau

  • Maria do Céu Monteiro:[218][219][220] First female magistrate and judge in Guinea-Bissau. She was also the first female justice elected as the President of the Supreme Court of Justice and the Superior Council of Guinea-Bissau (2004).
  • Aissatu Baldé and Carmelita Djú:[221][222] First females to serve as Councilors of the Court of Auditors of Guinea-Bissau (2022)

Ivory Coast

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

  • Angie Brooks (1953):[260][261][262] First female lawyer in Liberia. She was also the first female to serve as the Assistant Attorney General of Liberia (1953) and a Justice of the Supreme Court of Liberia (1977).
  • Emma Shannon Walser (1969):[261][263][264] First female judge in Liberia (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Circuit Court of Liberia in 1971)
  • Amymusu K. Jones:[265][266][267] First female magistrate in Liberia (upon her appointment to the Monrovia City Magisterial Court in 1994). She was also the first female to serve as a Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit Court in Grand Cape Mount County, Liberia (c. 2006).
  • Frances Johnson-Morris:[268][269] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Liberia (1996–1997)
  • Malia Doe:[270] First female juvenile court judge in Liberia (1997)
  • Charlene Aimesa Reeves:[271] First female to serve as the Solicitor General for Liberia
  • Edwina Edjerah Barchue:[272] First female Public Defender in Liberia

Libya

Madagascar

  • Berthe Raharijaona:[284] First female lawyer in Madagascar
  • Isabelle Razafintsalama:[285] First female public prosecutor in Madagascar
  • Emilie Radaody-Ralarosy:[286][287] First Malagasy female magistrate (c. 1961). She was also the first female appointed as a councilor (judge) of the Supreme Court of Madagascar (1965).
  • Arlette Ramaroson:[288] First Malagasy female to serve as an international court judge (upon her appointment to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in 2001)
  • Fanirisoa Ernaivo:[289] First female elected as the President of the Union of Magistrates of Madagascar (2016)
  • Annick Tsiazonangoly:[290] First female appointed as a member of the High Court of Justice of Madagascar (2018)
  • Chantal Razafinarivo:[291] First female to serve as the Bâtonnier (President) of the Madagascar Bar Association (2019)
  • Salohy Norotiana Rakotondrajery Randrianarisoa:[292] First Malagasy female to serve as a Judge of the COMESA Court of Justice (2019)

Malawi

Mali

Mauritania

Fatimata M'Baye: First female lawyer in Mauritania (c. 1985)
  • Fatimata M'Baye (c. 1985):[317] First female lawyer in Mauritania
  • Amamah Bint Cheikh Sidya:[318][319] First female judge in Mauritania (2013)
  • Tekber Mint Oudeika:[320][321] First female judge to serve as the president of a court in Mauritania (upon her appointment as President of the Labor Court in 2018). In 2015, she became the first female to serve as a Judge of the Commercial Court of the Mauritanian capital.[322][323]
  • Aisha Mint Ahmed (2021):[324] First Haratin female lawyer in Mauritania

Mauritius

Mayotte (FRA)

  • Fatima Ousseni (c. 1997):[337] First female lawyer in Mayotte
  • Gracieuse Lacoste-Etcheverry:[338][339] First female appointed as the President of the Court of Appeal of Saint-Denis (2015) [jurisdiction over Mayotte and Réunion]
  • Christiane Féral-Schuhl:[340] First female to serve as the President of the Conseil National des Barreaux (CNB) in Mayotte (2019)
  • Fabienne Atzori:[341] First female to serve as the Attorney General of Reunion and Mayotte (2021)
  • Hidaya Daousinka:[342] First female to serve as a justice commissioner in Mayotte (2024)

Morocco

  • Hélène Cazès-Benatar (c. 1929):[343] First female lawyer in Morocco
  • Zaynab Abd al-Razzaq:[344] First female judge in Morocco (1960)
  • Zineb El Adaoui:[345][346][347] First female appointed as a Judge (1984) and the Head (2021) of the Court of Auditors of Morocco
  • Amina Benchekroun:[348][349] First female appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Judicial Council of Morocco (1987)
  • Saâdia Belmir:[350][351] First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Council of Morocco (1999)
  • Laïla Benjelloun:[352][346] First female judge to serve as the First President of the Court of Appeal of Commerce of Morocco (2000)
  • Zahra Al-Hur:[353] First female family court judge in Morocco
  • Najat Arbib:[354] First Moroccan (female) magistrate in Belgium (2009)
  • Hajibah al-Bukhari:[355] First female appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Judicial Council of Morocco without a quota (2016)
  • Rahmona Ziani:[356][357] First female appointed as a Crown Prosecutor (or Attorney General) in Morocco (2018)
  • Jamila Sedqi:[358][359] First Moroccan female to serve as a Judge of the Administrative Tribunal of the African Union (AU) (2019) [based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia]
  • Rabiha Fath Al-Nur:[360][361][362] First female appointed as the chief prosecutor of a court of first instance in Morocco (2021)
  • Hajar Boudraa:[363] First veiled Muslim female judge (of Moroccan descent) in Italy (2023)

Mozambique

  • Noémia Neves Anacleto (c. 1953):[364] First female lawyer in Mozambique
  • Gita Honwana Welch:[365][366][367][368][369] First female judge in Mozambique (sometime between 1978–1989). She is also considered the first female academic lawyer in Mozambique.
  • Maria Noémia Francisco:[368] First female to serve as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Mozambique (1988)
  • Luísa Chadraca (c. 1990):[370] First woman to enroll with the Bar Association of Mozambique (Ordem dos Advogados de Moçambique)
  • Beatriz da Consolação Mateus Buchili:[371][372] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Mozambique (2014)
  • Lúcia Fernanda Buinga Maximiano do Amaral and Lúcia da Luz Ribeiro:[368][373] First females to serve as Judges of the Constitutional Council of Mozambique (2003). Ribeiro later became the first female to serve as the President of the Constitutional Council of Mozambique in 2019.

Namibia

  • Karen Goldblatt Marshall (1966):[374] First female lawyer (non-native) in Namibia (upon being called to the Bar of Windhoek). She later became the first female judge in Namibia.
  • Maria Catharina Greeff (c. 1977):[375] First native-born Caucasian female lawyer in Namibia. She was also the first female conveyance to be admitted in Namibia.
  • Bience Gawanas (c. 1993):[376][377] First native-born Namibian female lawyer in Namibia. She was also the first female appointed as the Head of the Office of the Ombudsman (1996–2003).
  • Mavis Gibson:[378][379] First female appointed as a Judge of the High Court of Namibia (1995)
  • Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana (1999):[380][381] The only female among 21 members of the Namibia Constituent Assembly (1990) and later became the first female Attorney General of Namibia (2001)
  • Martha Imalwa:[382][383] First female appointed as the Prosecutor General of Namibia (2004)
  • Elize Angula:[384][385] First female to serve as President of the Law Society of Namibia (2004)
  • Susan Vivier (1983):[386] First female lawyer to obtain Senior Counsel status in Namibia (2010)
  • Rita Makarau, Johanna Prinsloo, and Esi Schimming-Chase:[387] First females appointed as Justice of the Supreme Court of Namibia (2023)

Niger

Nigeria

Republic of the Congo

  • Agathe Pembellot (France Bar; 1969):[419][420] First female magistrate in the Republic of the Congo (1973), as well as the first female member of the Supreme Court of the Republic of the Congo (1982)
  • Julienne Ondziel-Gnelenga (1982):[421][422][423][33] First female lawyer in the Republic of the Congo, as well as the first female to serve as a Bâtonnier
  • Delphine Edith Emmanuel Adouki:[424] First female to serve as a member of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of the Congo (2003)
  • Yvonne Kimbembe:[425] First female to serve as the Attorney General of the Court of Auditors and Budgetary Discipline of the Republic of the Congo (2009)

Réunion (FRA)

Rwanda

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (GBR)

See Women in law in the United Kingdom

São Tomé and Príncipe

Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Somalia

Somaliland

South Africa

Navanethem Pillay: First Tamil-Indian female appointed as a Judge of the High Court of South Africa (1995)

In 1909, Madeline Wookey began fighting for the right to practice law in South Africa. She lost her case at the appellate level in 1912.[491][492][493]

South Sudan

  • Salwa Berberi:[526] First female law graduate (c. 1970s) and lawyer in South Sudan

Sudan

Tanzania

Zanzibar

  • Suad bint Mohammed al Lamkiya:[543][544][545][546][547] First Zanzibari-born female to become a lawyer, though she was unsuccessful in establishing her own legal practice due to the Zanzibar Revolution
  • Janet Sekihola:[548] First female appointed as a Primary Court Magistrate in Zanzibar (c. 1980s)
  • Salma Ali Hassan Khamis and Mwanamkaa Abdulrahman Mohammed:[549] First females to serve as the Director and Deputy Director respectively of the Office of Public Prosecutions in Zanzibar (2021)

Togo

Tunisia

Uganda

Princess Elizabeth Christobel Edith Bagaaya Akiiki of Toro: First female lawyer in Uganda (1965)

Zambia

Zimbabwe

See also

References

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