Lee Patrick (November 22, 1901 – November 21, 1982) was an American actress whose career began in 1922 on the New York stage with her role in The Bunch and Judy which headlined Adele Astaire and featured Adele's brother Fred Astaire.[1]
Patrick continued to perform in dozens of roles on the stage for the next decade, frequently in musicals and comedies, but also in dramatic parts like her 1931 performance as Meg in Little Women. She began to branch out into films in 1929. For half a century she created a credible body of cinematic work, her most memorable being as Sam Spade's assistant Effie in The Maltese Falcon (1941), and her reprise of the role in the George Segal comedy sequel The Black Bird (1975). Her talents were showcased in comedies such as the Jack Benny film George Washington Slept Here (1942) and as one of the foils of Rosalind Russell in Auntie Mame (1958). Dramatic parts such as an asylum inmate in The Snake Pit (1948) and as Pamela Tiffin's mother in Summer and Smoke (1961) were another facet of her repertoire. She played numerous guest roles in American television, but became a staple for that medium during the two-year run of Topper. As Henrietta Topper, her comedic timing played well against Leo G. Carroll as her husband, and against that of the two ghosts played by Robert Sterling and Anne Jeffreys. Patrick lent her voice to various animated characters of The Alvin Show in the early 1960s.
Personal life
Patrick was born on November 22, 1901, in New York City. By 1937, Patrick married newsman-writer-publicist Tom Wood, author of The Bright Side of Billy Wilder, Primarily,[2] and remained married 45 years, until her death. They had no children. During her career in Hollywood, she was not in good standing with gossip columnist Louella Parsons, and this conflict kept her career stuck in the "B" ranks. Wood wrote a frank piece on Parsons which did not go over well with the columnist.[citation needed]
Patrick debuted on Broadway in November 1922 in the ensemble of The Bunch and Judy, which ran for eight weeks.[5] In September 1924 she returned to Broadway in an 8-week run of The Green Beetle at the Klaw Theatre, portraying the lead characters' daughter who escaped a murder attempt.[6]
The Undercurrent[7] was only the first of 5 plays in which Patrick honed her talent in 1925. The Backslapper (1925) was a political drama that ran for 33 performances with Patrick in a supporting role as Mrs. Kennedy.[8] Patrick performed more comedy later in 1925: Bachelors' Brides was a farce in which she played a guardian angel;[9]It All Depends was another comedy,[10] The farce A Kiss in a Taxi completed Patrick's stage work of 1925.[11]
The Shelf (1926) ran for 32 performances.[12] Patrick acted in three plays in 1927: the 12-performance comedy Baby Mine;[13] the equally brief The Matrimonial Bed;[14] and Nightstick,[15] an 84-performance run through January 1928. The 24-performance The Common Sin was the only other play she did in 1928.[16]
June Moon gave Patrick her longest run of her stage career, 273 performances in 1929 and 1930,[17] and 48 performances in 1933.[18] She rounded out 1930 with the 13-performance run of Room of Dreams.[19]Privilege Car was her first play of 1931,[20] but she soon was on stage in the musical Friendship[21] and finished out that year with 17 performances as Meg in Little Women[22] One of the briefest plays of her career was The Girl Outside in 1932, which ran for 8 performances;[23] however, that one came on the heels of Blessed Event that had run for 115 performances.[24]
After Shooting Star in 1933,[25] and Slightly Delirious, her only play of 1934,[26] Patrick began to look towards a film career. Knock on Wood[27] and Abide With Me[28] did not fare much better for her. She had a long run of 169 performances in Stage Door in 1936–1937,[29] but only did one more Broadway play after that, the comedy Michael Drops In.[30]
Patrick had the starring role in her first film, Strange Cargo, an early American sound production for Pathé released on March 31, 1929. In this remake of producer Benjamin Glazer's Missing Man,[31] British actor George Barraud played her leading man.[32] It was another six years before she made another film: The Casino Murder Case for MGM. She had a bit part as a nurse in the film, which brought her together for the first time with Leo G. Carroll, with whom two decades later she worked on the television series Topper.[33]
She remained in Hollywood and appeared in Border Cafe (1937). Over the next several years, she played numerous supporting roles, without attracting much critical attention. Patrick appeared in The Maltese Falcon (1941) as Effie Perine, the loyal and quick-thinking secretary of Humphrey Bogart's Sam Spade.[34] Perine was one of Patrick's more enduring film characterizations. The same year, she appeared in a leading role as an intelligent, crime-solving nurse in The Nurse's Secret.
In the mid-1960s, Lee retired to travel and paint in Orange County, California, but was coaxed back one more time to Hollywood. Her final film role was a reprise of the character Effie Perine in The Black Bird, a spoof of the Maltese Falcon, starring George Segal as Sam Spade, Jr., who in the storyline was forced to continue his father's work and to keep his increasingly sarcastic secretary; the film attempted to turn its revered predecessor into a comedy.[34] The only actor joining her from the original cast was Elisha Cook Jr. The film premiered May 9, 1976.
She made several appearances as the mother of Ida Lupino in the sitcom Mr. Adams and Eve (1957–1958). In 1962 she played Mrs. Carreway, who mistook Marshal Micah Torrance to be her long lost husband, in The Rifleman episode “Guilty Conscience.” In 1963, she appeared as Aunt Wilma Howard in the episode "Skeleton in the Closet" of the sitcom The Real McCoys.[36]
In 1965, she appeared as Mrs. Ashton Durham in the episode "It's a Dog's World" of Hazel and as Cora Prichard in an episode titled "Noblesse Oblige" during the show's final season. She turned in a voice performance as Mrs. Frumpington in an episode of the animated series The Alvin Show, which may be heard on the soundtrack LP by David Seville and The Chipmunks. Patrick made three appearances on I Married Joan.[37][38]
Bubbeo, Daniel (2002). The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each. McFarland. ISBN978-0-7864-6236-0.
Darby, William (2009). Anthony Mann The Film Career. McFarland. ISBN978-0-7864-3839-6.
Dick, Bernard (2011). Hollywood Madonna: Loretta Young. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN978-1-61703-079-6.
Gates, Phillippa (2011). Detecting Women Gender and the Hollywood Detective Film. SUNY Press. ISBN978-1-4384-3405-6.
Hischak, Thomas S. (2009). Broadway Plays and Musicals: Descriptions and Essential Facts of More Than 14,000 Shows Through 2007. McFarland. ISBN978-0-7864-5309-2.
Hischak, Thomas S. (2012). American Literature on Stage and Screen 525 Works and Their Adaptations. McFarland. ISBN978-0-7864-6842-3.
Leszczak, Bob (2012). Single Season Sitcoms, 1948–1979: A Complete Guide. McFarland. ISBN978-0-7864-6812-6.
Nissan, Axel (2006). Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties. McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN978-0-7864-2746-8.
Tucker, David C. (2008). Shirley Booth: A Biography and Career Record. McFarland. ISBN978-0-7864-3600-2.
Tucker, David C. (2010). Lost Laughs of '50s and '60s Television: Thirty Sitcoms That Faded Off Screen. McFarland. ISBN978-0-7864-5582-9.
Verswijver, Leo (2003). "Movies Were Always Magical" Interviews with 19 Actors, Directors, and Producers from the Hollywood of the 1930s through the 1950s. McFarland. ISBN978-0-7864-1129-0.
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