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Lanthanum pentanickel
Names
	IUPAC name lanthane nickel
Identifiers
CAS Number	12196-72-4 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	145836;
ECHA InfoCard	100.032.144
EC Number	235-372-5;
PubChem CID	166660;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID80276564 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/La.5Ni Key: BUCVQDCWULHLJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES [Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[La];
Properties
Chemical formula	LaNi5
Molar mass	432.3725 g·mol−1
Appearance	Silvey-grey powder
Density	7.950
Solubility in water	non-soluble
Structure
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Space group	P6/mmm
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H228, H317, H350
Precautionary statements	P203, P210, P240, P241, P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P318, P321, P333+P313, P362+P364, P370+P378, P405, P501
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

LaNi₅ is a hexagonal intermetallic compound composed of rare earth element lanthanum and transition metal nickel. It presents a calcium pentacopper (CaCu₅) crystal structure. It is a melting compound with the same composition and has hydrogen storage capacity.^[3]

Structure

LaNi₅ has a calcium pentacopper (CaCu₅) type crystal structure, with a hexagonal lattice, space group is P6/mmm (No. 191), with lanthanum atom is located at coordinate origin 1a (0,0,0), two nickel atoms are located at 2c (1/ 3,2/3,0) and (2/3,1/3,0), the other three at 3g (1/2,0,1/2), (0,1/2,1/2), (1/2,1/2,1/2), with a=511pm, c=397pm. The unit cell contains 1 LaNi₅ atom, the volume is 90×10⁻²⁴ cm³, the LaNi₅ unit cell contains a larger The six deformed tetrahedral voids can be used to fill in hydrogen atoms.^[4]

Chemical reactions

As a hydrogen storage alloy, LaNi₅ can absorb hydrogen to form the hydride LaNi₅H_x (x≈6) when the pressure is slightly high and the temperature is low, or when the pressure decreases or the temperature increases, hydrogen can be released to form repeated absorption and release of hydrogen. Energy must be added for the dehydrogenation process to proceed as it is an endothermic reaction. A decrease in temperature will cause the reaction to stop. ^[5]

Characteristics and applications

The hydrogen storage density per unit volume (crystal) of LaNi₅H_6.5 at 2 bar is equal to the density of gaseous molecular hydrogen at 1800 bar, and all hydrogen can be desorbed at 2 bar. Although the hydrogen storage density in practical applications is reduced due to the aggregation of some LaNi₅ powders, it is still higher than the density of liquid hydrogen. This allows safe operation of hydrogen fuel.^[5] In order to improve its hydrogen storage performance, metals such as lead or manganese are often used to partially replace nickel. Currently, LaNi₅ is commonly used in storage and transportation of hydrogen, hydrogen vehicle power, fuel cells, separation and purification of hydrogen, propylene hydrogenation catalysts, etc.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Elements, American. "Lanthanum Nickel Alloy". American Elements. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
^ "Lanthanum;nickel". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
^ 李跃中主编 (September 2001). 无机化学 (in Chinese). 上海：上海交通大学出版社. p. 354. ISBN 7-313-02746-X.
^ "科学网—储氢材料LaNi5的晶体结构 - 桂耀荣的博文". blog.sciencenet.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2023-03-19.
^ ^a ^b "http://www.chem.pku.edu.cn/bianj/paper/07/18.pdf"翟峰 Archived 2017-12-14 at the Wayback Machine 赵志远赵晓堃王多---储氢材料概述