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Kharaharapriya
Arohanam	S R₂ G₂ M₁ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ
Avarohanam	Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₂ R₂ S
Equivalent	Dorian mode; Kafi Thaat

Kharaharapriya is a rāga in Carnatic music. It is the 22nd melakarta rāga (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāga system. It is possible that the name of the ragam was originally Harapriya but it was changed to conform to the Katapayadi formula. Kharaharapriya has a distinct melody and brings out the Karuna rasam, invoking pathos in the listeners. The Kafi thaat of Hindustani music is the equivalent of Kharaharapriya.^[1]^[2] Its Western equivalent is the Dorian mode. The Prati Madhyamam (M₂) equivalent of this raga is Hemavati

Etymology

There are many theories behind the etymology of the name Kharaharapriya. One of the most popular beliefs is that the ragam was initially called Samaganam and when Ravana was trapped by Shiva, under the kailash hill trying to lift it, it is believed that, to appease the lord, Ravana sang many hymns in praise of the lord, but his heart cooled only when a hymn was sung in the ragam and hence the name (hara) shiva and (priya) loved hence "Harapriya " – The one dear to Shiva, and to fit it in the Katapayadi system according to the melakarta chakra system.

The word Kharaharapriya may also mean the beloved of the killer of the Khara demon (Khara – Khara demon, Hara – Defeater/Killer, Priya – Beloved). The story of Rama killing the Khara demon is narrated in the 28th, 29th and the 30th sub-chapter of the Aranya Khanda of Ramayana.^[3] It could be speculated that this was a reason why Saint Tyagaraja revived this dying ancient raga in the 18th century and breathed new life into it by creating many compositions in this raga.

Structure and Lakshana

It is 4th rāga in the 4th chakra Veda. The mnemonic name is Veda-Bhu. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri gi ma pa dhi ni.^[1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

ārohaṇa : S R₂ G₂ M₁ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ^[a]
avarohaṇa : Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₂ R₂ S^[b]

The notes are chatushruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, chatushruti dhaivatam and kaisiki Nishadam. It is a sampoorna rāgam – scale having all 7 swarams. It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Hemavati, which is the 58th melakarta scale. Since the swaras of Kharaharapriya are quite evenly spaced, and since several different types of gamakas are allowed, it is a very versatile, fluid and flexible rāgam that allows for elaborate melodic improvisation within its scale.

Songs sung in Kharaharapriya ragas typically have long, elaborate ālapanās, which exhibit the fluidity of the rāgam. Kharaharapriya songs are usually meant to be sung slow, medium or medium-fast, in order to bring out the Karuna rasa and bhava of the song.

Janya rāgams

Due to the even spacing of swaras, many [janya] rāgams (derived scales) are associated with Kharaharapriya. It is one of the melakarta scales that has a large number of janya rāgams. Many of the janya rāgams are very popular on their own, lending themselves to elaboration and interpretation. Some of them are Abheri, Abhogi,Andolika, Bhimplaas (Hindustani music), Brindavana Saranga, Kāpi, Madhyamavati, Megh (Hindustani music), Mukhari, Reetigowla, Shree, Dhanashree, Udayaravichandrika, and Sriranjani.

See List of janya rāgams for full list of scales associated with Kharaharapriya.

Compositions

Kharaharapriya has been decorated with compositions by many composers. The ragam is most closely associated with Thyagaraja who has pioneered in composing many songs in this rāgam, that have become popular and well known. Both Muthuswami Dikshitar and Shyama Sastri, however, have not composed kritis in 'Kharaharapriya'^[4] A few of the popular compositions are listed here.

Chakkani Rājamārgamu, Pakkala Nilabaḍi, Mitri Bhāgyame, Rāmā nī samānamevaru, Naḍaci Naḍaci,Peridi ninnu, Chetulāra shrungāramu, Kori sevimpa rāre, Pāhi rāma rāma anuchu, Vidamu sevayave, and Rāma nīyada by saint Tyagaraja in Telugu language
Satatam thaavaka pada sevanam, by Swathi Thirunal
Chandamamanu by Kaiwara Narayana Thata
Sundara Natarajam by Oothukadu Venkata Kavi in Sanskrit
Moovasai konda thirumal by Muthiah Bhagavatar in Tamil
Senthil andavan, Srinivasa Tava Charanam, Janaki pathe, Appan Avatharitha Kathamritham and Ganapathiye Karunanidhiye by Papanasam Sivan in Tamil
Karunajalarase rama, by K. C. Kesava Pillai in Malayalam
Hariyennu Hariyennu By Purandara Dasaru
Bharathi deviya nene by Purandara Dasa in Kannada and Okkaparikokkapari and Nityapujalivigo by Annamacharya in Telugu have now been tuned in Kharaharapiya since the original tunes have been lost forever.
Nama Rasa Manave by Kalyani Varadarajan
Varnam - Vevela Velpulalo (Janaka Raga Varna Manjari) by Nallan Chakravarthy Murthy

The basic scale of Kharaharapriya has been used in several film songs in Indian film music. Although rarely authentic, there are several film songs that are set in this scale, or scales derived from this ragam. The popular Kannada song 'Arādhisuve madanāri', from the movie Babhruvahana (1977) and sung by Dr. Rajkumar, is in typical Kharaharapriya. A popular Tamil film composer M.S.Viswanathan used this raga brilliantly in many of his songs such as "Maharajan Ullagai" from Karnan, "Maadhavi Ponmayilal" in the movie Iru malargal. Ace singer P. Unnikrishnan released his 2012 album on Lord Ayyappan titled Shabaimalai Va Charanam Solli Va in which he has rendered a song in Kharaharapriya raagam set in classical melody. The song also illustrates how the Lord learnt the Kalari fight in Cheerappanchira which houses a temple called Mukkal Vattam managed by Lord's Guruvamsam even now.^[5]

Film songs

Language:Tamil

Song	Movie/Album	Composer	Singer
Enna Seidhaalum	Irumbu Thirai	S. V. Venkatraman	Radha Jayalakshmi
Ariyaa Paruvamadaa	Missiamma	S. Rajeshwara Rao	P. Susheela
Inbam Perinbam	Rani Lalithangi	G. Ramanathan	P. Bhanumathi
Maayavalaiyil	Gulebakavali	Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy	T. M. Soundararajan
Annan Kaatiya Vazhiyamma	Padithal Mattum Podhuma		T. M. Soundararajan
Maharajan	Karnan		T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Aagaya Pandhalile	Ponnunjal	M. S. Viswanathan	T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Madhavi Pon Mayilaal	Iru Malargal		T. M. Soundararajan
Ponmagal Vandhaal	Sorgam
Attamenna Solladi (I will sing for you)	Manidharil Manikkam
Malligai En Mannan	Dheerga Sumangali		Vani Jayaram
Sippi Irukkuthu	Varumayin Niram Sivappu		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Aayiram Nilave Vaa	Adimai Penn	K. V. Mahadevan	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
Isaiyai Thamizhai	Agathiyar	Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan	Sirkazhi Govindarajan, T. R. Mahalingam
Poo Malarinthida	Tik Tik Tik	Ilaiyaraaja	K. J. Yesudas, Jency Anthony
Thaana Vantha Santhaname	Ooru Vittu Ooru Vanthu		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Vaazhavaikum Kaathalukku Jey	Apoorva Sagodharargal
Pallikoodam Pogalama	Koyil Kaalai
Mappillaikku	Netrikkan		Malaysia Vasudevan, P. Susheela
Dheiveega Raagam	Ullasa Paravaigal		Jensy,Vani Jairam
Kannukkulle Yaaro	Kai Kodukkum Kai		S. P. Sailaja, P. Susheela
Maalai Karukkalil	Neethiyin Marupakkam		K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
Roja Poo Adivanthathu	Agni Natchathiram		S. Janaki
Karutha Machan	Pudhu Nellu Pudhu Naathu
Iravu Nilavu	Anjali
Kaala kaalamaaga Vaazhum	Punnagai Mannan		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K.S. Chitra
Deviye Naan Saranam	Thanga Thamaraigal		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K.S. Chitra
Aethamayya Aetham	Ninaive Oru Sangeetham		Malaysia Vasudevan, K.S. Chitra
Ilam Vayasu Ponna	Paandi Nattu Thangam		Malaysia Vasudevan, K.S. Chitra
Nethu Oruthara Oruthara	Puthu Paatu		Ilaiyaraaja, K.S. Chitra
Poongatru Thirumbuma	Muthal Mariyathai		Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
Anandham Pongida Pongida	Sirai Paravai		K. J. Yesudas,Sunanda
Thooliyile Ada Vantha	Chinna Thambi		Mano, K.S. Chitra
Unnai Vaazhtha Vanthen	Unnai Vaazhthi Paadugiren		K. J. Yesudas
Elangaathu Veesudhey	Pithamagan		Sriram Parthasarathy, Shreya Ghoshal
Kai Veesi	Nandalala		Vijay Yesudas, Swetha Mohan, Madhu Balakrishnan,Raagul,Chandrasekar
Ilavenirkala Panjami	Manam Virumbuthe Unnai		Hariharan
Thavikkiren Thavikkiren	Time		Hariharan,Bhavatharini
Aanenna Pennena	Dharma Durai		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Neela Vana Odayil	Vazhvey Maayam	Gangai Amaran
Indralogathu Sundari	Uyirullavarai Usha	T. Rajendar
Janaki Devi	Samsaram Adhu Minsaram	Shankar–Ganesh	K.S. Chitra
Rendu Kannam Santhana Kinnam	Sivappu Malli		K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela
Panivilum Paruvanila	Paneer Nadhigal		K. J. Yesudas
Panju Mittai Selakatti	Ettupatti Rasa	Deva	Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
Un Uthattora	Panchalankurichi		Hariharan, Anuradha Sriram
Karuvella Kaatukkulae	Porkkaalam		Sujatha Mohan, Anuradha Sriram, Arunmozhi
Atho Vanile Nila Oorvalam	Thandanai	Chandrabose	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Kakki Sattai Potta Machan	Sankar Guru	Chandrabose	Malaysia Vasudevan, S. P. Sailaja
Pachchai Nirame (Sakiye)	Alaipayuthey	A. R. Rahman	Hariharan, Clinton Cerejo


Malarodu Malaringu	Bombay		Sujatha Mohan, Anuradha Sriram & Chorus


Gulmohar Malare	Majunu		Harris Jayaraj	Hariharan
Mudhal Mazhai	Bheemaa			Hariharan, Mahathi, R. Prasanna
Hasili Fisiliye	Aadhavan	Karthik, Harini, Dr Burn & Maya
Suttum Vizhi	Ghajini	Sriram Parthasarathy, Bombay Jayashree
Oru Maalai	Ghajini	Karthik
Yaaridamum	Thotti Jaya	Ramesh Vinayagam, Harini
Uyirile	Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu	Mahalakshmi Iyer, Srinivas
Silu Silu Siluvena	Kovil	Tippu
Meela Mudiyamal(Album song)	Isai Ennum Puthumozhi	M.R.Raheis	Benny Dayal, Srimathumitha,Rathika
Sangeetha Swarangal	Azhagan	Maragathamani	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,Sandhya
Kamban Engu	Jaathi Malli	Maragathamani	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K.S. Chitra
Rosappu Chinna Rosappu	Suryavamsam	S. A. Rajkumar	Hariharan(vers 1), Sujatha Mohan(vers 2)
Edho Oru Paattu	Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen	S. A. Rajkumar	Hariharan(vers 1), Sujatha Mohan(vers 2)
Kanava Ninaiva	Aasal	Bharadwaj	V. V. Prasanna, Manjari
Santhikkadha Kangalil Inbangal	180	Sharreth	Unni Menon, K.S. Chitra, S. Sowmya
En Raasi	Enakkoru Magan Pirappan	Karthik Raja	Sujatha Mohan, P. Unni Krishnan
Konjum Manjal	Ullaasam	Karthik Raja	Hariharan, Harini
Ennamma Devi Jakkamma	Thambi	Vidyasagar	Karthik,Manikka Vinayagam,Balesh
Inni Naanum Naanilai	Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukke!	Srinivas	Srinivas, Sujatha Mohan, Sunitha Sarathy
Yamini Yamini	Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukke!	Arvind-Shankar	Harish Raghavendra
Aathadi Manasudhan	Kazhugu	Yuvan Shankar Raja	Priya Himesh, Karthik Raja
Ayyayyo	Paruthiveeran		Shreya Ghoshal,Krishnaraj, Manikka Vinayagam, Yuvan Shankar Raja(Humming)
Dheivangal Ellam	Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga		Vijay Yesudas
Kadhal Vaithu	Deepavali		Vijay Yesudas
Dhavanipotta Deepavali	Sandakozhi		Vijay Yesudas, Shreya Ghoshal
Thaaliyae Thevaiyillai	Thaamirabharani		Hariharan, Bhavatharini
Endhan Uyir Thozhiyae	Winner		Udit Narayan
Aedho Saigirai	Vaamanan		Javed Ali, Sowmya Raoh
Ayyayo Nenju	Aadukalam	G. V. Prakash Kumar	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,S. P. B. Charan,Prashanthini
Un Mela Oru Kannu	Rajinimurugan	D. Imman	Jithin Raj, Mahalakshmi Iyer
Muzhumadhi Muzhumadhi	Kanimozhi	Satish Chakravarthy	Vijay Yesudas, Bela Shende
Ithanai Dhooram	Koottam	James Vasanthan	Haricharan, Shweta Mohan
Vinmeen Vithaiyil	Thegidi	Nivas K. Prasanna	Abhay Jodhpurkar, Saindhavi
Kalla Payalae Payalae	Mosakutty	Ramesh Vinayakam	Shreya Ghoshal, Haricharan
Yaarukkum Sollama	All in All Azhagu Raja	Thaman S	Rahul Nambiar
Ara Kirukan	Vengayam	Bharani	Sujith, Srimathumitha
Bodhai Kaname	Oh Manapenne!	Vishal Chandrashekhar	Shashaa Tirupati, Anirudh Ravichander

Janya 1:Ragam Karnaranjani Tamil

ārohaṇa : S R₂ G₂ M₁ G₂ P D₂ Ṡ
avarohaṇa : Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₂ R₂ S

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Ponmagal Vandhal(in Charanam portion)	Sorgam	M. S. Viswanathan	T. M. Soundararajan
Megame Megame	Palaivana Solai	Shankar–Ganesh	Vani Jairam
Theertha Karaithaniley	Thai Pongal	Ilaiyaraaja	K.J. Yesudas, Jency Anthony
Aalolam Paadum	Sirayil Pootha Chinna Malar		Mano, S. Janaki
Naan Paadum Mouna Raagam	Idaya Kovil		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Ilamai Enum Poongaatru	Pagalil Oru Iravu
Mani Thooral	Maathangal Ezhu	Vidyasagar
Ragam Pudhu Ragam	Kan Simittum Neram	V. S. Narasimhan	K.J. Yesudas
Thaalaattu	Mamangam	M. Jayachandran	Bombay Jayashri

The Hindi song 'Tumhen Dekhti Hoon To' from movie Tumhare Liye composed by Jaidev sung by Lata Mangeshkar was based on Ragam Karnaranjani too.

Related rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Kharaharapriya's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 5 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Kalyani, Hanumatodi, Natabhairavi, Shankarabharanam and Harikambhoji. For further details and an illustration of Graha bhedam of this rāgam refer Graha bhedam on Shankarabharanam.

Notes

^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: S R G̱ M P D Ṉ Ṡ
- Western: C D E♭ F G A B♭ C
^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ D P M G̱ R S
- Western: C B♭ A G F E♭ D C