Jet Airways (India) Limited, trading as Jet Airways, was an Indian airline based in Delhi, with a training and developmental centre in Mumbai. Incorporated in April 1992 as a limited liability company, the airline began operations as an air taxi operator in 1993. It began full-fledged operations in 1995 with international flights added in 2004. The airline went public in 2005 and in 2007, when it acquired Air Sahara. The airline is expected to re-commence its flight operations by the end of 2024, making it the first Indian airline to be revived after ceasing operations.[7]
With its competitors, mainly SpiceJet and IndiGo, lowering ticket fares in the following years, it was forced to follow suit, hurting overall performance resulting in steep financial losses. It dropped to second place behind IndiGo in October 2017, with a passenger market share of 17.8%. The downward slide continued and resulted in bankruptcy in 2019.[8] Jet Airways ceased operations in April 2019.
In 2020, Jet Airways was taken over by an investment company Kalrock with a view to restart operations in 2022, which however did not happen due to financial problems and ongoing proceedings with the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT).[9] The airline is now expected to restart operations by end of 2024, with Jalan-Kalrock's ownership retained.[10][11]
History
The airline was granted a scheduled airline status on 14 January 1995.[12][13] It entered into a marketing agreement with KLM the same year.[14] In 1996, the airline placed a $375 million[15] order for four 737-400 and six 737-800 aircraft from Boeing,[16] which were delivered between 1997 and 2000. Jet Airways was the first airline in Southeast Asia to order the 737-800.[17] In the financial year 1996–97, the airline carried 2.4 million passengers and had a market share of 20 percent, second highest after state-owned Indian Airlines. By this time, the airline had a fleet of twelve Boeing 737 aircraft, operating 83 daily flights to 23 domestic destinations.[18] In 1997, the Cabinet Committee on Foreign Investment (CCFI) of the Government of India announced that foreign airlines would no longer be permitted to take an equity stake in joint ventures with Indian aviation companies, reversing the Government's earlier policy which had allowed carriers such as Gulf Air, Kuwait Airways and Lufthansa to hold a maximum 40% equity stake in their joint ventures with Indian partners.[19] In October 1997, as per this directive, Naresh Goyal took back control of Trade Winds from its foreign investors.[20][12]
At the Paris Air Show in June 1999, Jet Airways announced an order worth approximately $550 million for ten Boeing 737-800 aircraft.[17] The airline purchased its first Boeing 737-400 simulator from CAE Inc. in 2001.[21] By April 2001, the airline fleet had grown to 30 aircraft and was operating over 195 flights daily to 37 destinations within India.[22] Jet Airways suffered losses for the first time since its establishment in financial year 2001–2002 as demand fell and costs increased.[23] Jet Airways was announced as launch customer for the Embraer 175 at the Farnborough air show in 2002,[24] with an order for ten aircraft and ten options[25] worth $520 million. But the deal was postponed due to the airline's financial difficulties and eventually fell through.[26]
In 2003, the Indian government decided to allow private carriers to operate international services to countries in south Asia, such as Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.
[27] and Jet began preparations to launch international services.[28]
The airline launched its first international flight in March 2004 from Chennai to Colombo.[29]
Jet Airways was listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and became a public company on 28 December 2004.[12] After the Government lifted the foreign ownership limits on Indian airlines to 49% from the previous 40%, the airline moved to raise funds via an IPO.[30] The company's IPO in February 2005, which offered 20% of the airline's stock, saw strong interest from investors leading to oversubscription in retail, non-institutional and institutional tranches[31] and raised Rs 18.9 billion, instantly making Naresh Goyal a paper billionaire.[32] Towards the end of 2004, the government had announced that privately owned scheduled carriers meeting certain criteria could operate to all countries apart from those in the Middle East.[33] Then in January 2005, the Ministry of Civil Aviation granted rights to Jet Airways to operate services to London Heathrow.[33] The airline started its first international, long-haul flight to London in May 2005[34] with two-class Airbus A340-300s sub-leased from South African Airways.[35]
Growth and expansion
In January 2006, Jet Airways announced its intention to acquire Air Sahara for US$500 million in an all-cash deal; however, the deal fell through in June 2006.[36] On 12 April 2007, the deal was back on track with Jet Airways agreeing to pay ₹14.5 billion (US$170 million).[37] On 16 April 2007, Air Sahara was renamed as JetLite and was marketed between a low-cost carrier and a full-service airline.[38] JetLite became a wholly owned subsidiary of Jet Airways.[39] In August 2008, Jet Airways announced its plans to integrate JetLite into Jet Airways.[40] In October 2008, Jet Airways laid off 1,900 of its employees, who were later re-instated due to intervention from the Ministry of Civil Aviation.[41][42] In October 2008, Jet Airways entered into an alliance with rival Kingfisher Airlines for code-sharing on domestic and international flights, collaboration on frequent-flyer program and sharing crew and ground handling equipment.[43] On 8 May 2009, Jet Airways launched another low-cost brand, Jet Konnect.[38][44] It operated a fleet of Boeing 737 Next Generation and ATR 72 aircraft and operated on profitable short-haul routes with higher passenger load factors.[45][46]
Consolidation
In the third quarter of 2010, Jet Airways became the largest airline in India with a passenger market share of 22.6%.[47] In July 2012, the airline officially sought government approval to join Star Alliance.[48] Jet Airways is not a member of Star Alliance as of 2017.[49] In June 2011, it became the first domestic airline in India to ban meat products and liquids in check-in baggage.[50] Jet Airways merged the JetLite brand into Jet Konnect on 25 March 2012 and started offering business-class seats after the demise of Kingfisher Airlines.[51][52][53] In 2013, Etihad Airways planned to buy a stake in the airline following the government's announcement in September 2012 that foreign airlines could take a stake of up to 49% in Indian carriers. On 24 April 2013, Jet announced that it was ready to sell a 24% stake in the airline to Etihad for US$379 million.[54][55] The deal, which was expected to be signed in January 2013, was postponed and was completed on 12 November 2013.[56][57][58][59]Naresh Goyal retained 51% ownership of the stock.[60]
In 2013, the airline lowered prices and entered into a fare war with low-cost carriersIndiGo and SpiceJet due to falling passenger demand.[61][62][63][64] In February 2013, the airline's market value dropped by ₹4.84 billion (US$58 million) due to falling share prices.[65][66] Jet Airways made profits in the third quarter of the financial year 2013–14, after posting losses over the previous year.[67][68] Jet Airways announced on 11 August 2014 that it would phase out Jet Konnect by the end of the year as part of plans to re-position itself as a uniform full-service operator.[69] On 1 December 2014, Jet Konnect was fully merged with Jet Airways, making it the third full-service airline in India besides Air India and Vistara.[70][71] In December 2015, Jet Airways announced the closure of its scissor hub at Brussels Airport by March 2016 and the opening of new hub at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport effective 27 March 2016.[72][73] As of February 2016, it was the second-largest airline in India after IndiGo, with a 21.2% passenger-market share.[74]
Bankruptcy and cessation of services
As of November 2018, Jet Airways has been reported to have a negative financial outlook due to increasing losses. In March 2019 it was reported that nearly a fourth of Jet Airways' aircraft were grounded due to unpaid lease rates.[75] On 25 March 2019, Mr. Naresh Goyal and his wife Anitha Goyal stepped down from the board of directors.[citation needed]
On 5 April 2019, Indian Oil Corporation stopped supplying fuel to Jet Airways, citing non-payment of dues as the emergency funds have still not been credited.[76] On 17 April 2019, Jet Airways suspended all flight operations, due to lenders rejecting Rs 4 billion of emergency funding[77] and its membership in the International Air Transport Association (IATA) was suspended.[78] On 17 June 2019, after getting no acceptable offers from Etihad Airways and Hinduja Group, lenders to Jet Airways decided to refer the company to National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) for bankruptcy proceedings with debt of $1.2 billion.[79][80]
As the group faces insolvency proceedings in the Netherlands after failing to pay two creditors, NCLAT (National Company Law Appellate Tribunal) has allowed cross-border insolvency proceedings stating that the "Dutch Trustee (Administrator) will work in cooperation with the 'Resolution Professional of India."[81]
In early 2020, Enso Group, tried to rescue the airline with Russian Far East Development Fund, and participated in talks for buying controlling stake in it from its committee of creditors(CoC), but talks fell through.[82][83]
Restart
In 2020, entrepreneur Murari Lal Jalan and asset management firm Kalrock, part of the Fritsch Group, purchased Jet Airways with a view to restart air operations.[84] It was expected that Jet Airways II would take to the skies in 2022 as a full-service domestic airline with a fleet of six aircraft.[85] On 20 May 2022, Jet Airways received its Air Operator's Certificate.[86] However, flights did not resume in 2022, and the company did not renew its Air Operator's Certificate in 2023, leading to speculations that the Jet Airways revival is failing.[87][9] In August 2023, it was reported that Jet Airways has lost its IATA code, 9W, after all flights were grounded for more than four years. A Jet Airways spokesperson maintains that the IATA code is "currently under preservation with IATA" until recommencement of operations.[88][89] As of September 2023, Jet Airways is expected to restart operations in 2024, with Jalan-Kalrock's ownership retained.[10]
The original livery was navy blue with light grey and chrome yellow.[90] The top and bottom of the aircraft were painted in light grey with the flying sun logo in the navy blue background.
In 2007, a new livery was created by Landor Associates which added yellow and gold ribbons; the design retained the dark blue and gold-accented colour scheme along with the airline's "flying sun" logo.[90] A new yellow uniform was simultaneously introduced, created by Italian designer Roberto Capucci.[90] Jet Airways introduced its new identity in conjunction with a global brand re-launch which included new aircraft and seating.[90]
Controversies
Safety
Asmin Tariq, a contractor working for the airline as a security agent at Heathrow airport was implicated in the foiled terror plot on 10 August 2006 to blow up several transatlantic airliners belonging to three different US airlines.[91] Subsequently, the Governments of UK and Singapore requested security-related information from the Ministry of External Affairs on Jet Airways; clearance was further delayed to fly to the US.[91] The US State Department gave the go-ahead for the airline to fly to the US on 15 November 2006.[92]
In August 2014, two pilots of Jet Airways were suspended after a plane carrying 280 passengers dropped 5,000 feet (1,500 m) mid-air en route from Mumbai to Brussels.[93]
Customer care
On 2 December 2016, Jet Airways flight 9W7083 from Bhopal to Mumbai was held up by a large group of passengers headed for a wedding in Mumbai. There were allegations from other passengers that the wedding party was politically connected and attempted to coerce the cabin crew to disembark passengers so that additional members of their party could be accommodated. The airline claimed it was a technical glitch in their booking system which led to overbooking.[94]
Corruption
In 2016, the airline was implicated in the Gupta family controversy in South Africa when it was alleged by former African National Congress MP Vytjie Mentor that members of the business family had offered her the position of Minister of Public Enterprises, on behalf of President Jacob Zuma, if she agreed to arrange for South African Airways to drop their India route so that Jet Airways could acquire it instead.[95][96][97]
Links to organised crime
On 12 December 2001, an internal memo from the Indian intelligence agencies; R&AW and IB to the Indian home ministry stated that they had evidence that Jet Airways had intermittent contact with Dawood Ibrahim, Chota Shakeel and other gangs of the Indian underworld, related to financial transactions.[98] This information was leaked to the media and parliament proceedings were stalled.[99] Subsequently, in 2016, reports surfaced that the initial investment for Jet Airways itself had come through shell companies from the Isle of Man, and was heavily funded by the Indian underworld.[100] This was documented in detail in the book A Feast of Vultures.[101]
According to its website, in 2016 Jet Airways served 57 destinations – 37 domestic and 20 international destinations in 15 countries across Asia, Europe, North America and Middle East.[102] The airline had its primary hub in Mumbai and secondary bases in Delhi and Bangalore.
The airline's first international destination, introduced in March 2004, was Colombo, flown to from Chennai.[29]London was the airline's first long-haul destination and was launched in 2005.[103] Since 2007, Jet Airways has had a scissors hub at Brussels Airport for onward transatlantic connections to North America, which was replaced by Amsterdam Airport Schiphol from 27 March 2016.[72]
In 2008, the airline was forced to discontinue international routes because these attracted losses due to global economic downturn; it terminated services to San Francisco and Shanghai.[104] The airline planned to restore the Mumbai–Shanghai route by the end of 2011 but never did so.[105] In 2012, the airline withdrew flights to New York City and closed the Delhi–Milan route in 2013.[106][107] On 1 March 2016, the airline announced the integration of domestic and international operations in Mumbai airport and moved its entire operations to the newly constructed Terminal 2.[108]
Jet Airways placed its first order for four Boeing 737-400 and 30 Boeing 737-800 aircraft on 11 December 1996; and the first aircraft was delivered on 12 November 1997.[111] It placed its second order for six Boeing 737-700 and two Boeing 737-900 aircraft on 14 June 1999 with deliveries starting in May 2001.[111] The airline launched its next round of fleet expansion in 2005 when it ordered 30 Aircraft at the Paris Air Show. The airline signed deals with Airbus for ten A330 aircraft and with Boeing for ten 737 and 777 aircraft each.[112] Long-haul routes were served using its fleet of Airbus A330-200, Airbus A330-300 and Boeing 777-300ER. The airline placed an order for 10 Boeing 777-300ER aircraft on 29 September 2005 which were delivered in 2007.[111] Jet Airways ordered 10 Boeing 787 Dreamliner on 29 December 2006 to operate on long-haul routes.[111][113] On 5 January 2012, it inducted five ATR 72-600 series to operate on domestic regional routes.[45] It placed a further order for 75 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft on 23 April 2013 as part of modernization of its fleet of 737s. In April 2018 and July 2018 the airline entered an agreement to acquire an additional 75 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft each, taking its order tally to 225 Boeing 737 MAX jets. After Jet Airways ceased their operations, Boeing cancelled all of Jet Airways' remaining 737 MAX 8 orders along with the Boeing 737 MAX 9 and 10 orders and Boeing 787-9 orders due to the financial problems and airline's collapse.[114] As a part of the airline's relaunch, reports have emerged that the airline is in talks with leading aircraft manufacturer Airbus to procure 50 narrow body Airbus A220 aircraft.[115] Some media reports indicates that Jalan-Kalrock is in talks with aircraft OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) to place an order of at least 200 aircraft of a mix of small, medium, and large narrow body jets at the Paris airshow in June 2023 for their growth plan for five years. Though this did not happen.[116]
Former fleet
Jet Airways operated the following aircraft in the past:[citation needed]
Première Class on board the Boeing 777-300ERInterior of a Jet Airways Boeing 737
Cabin
Jet Airways had three classes of service: First, Première (Business) and Economy.[110]
First class was available only in Boeing 777-300ER aircraft.[110] The first class offered private suites; it featured seats convertible to a fully flat bed, personal LCD TVs and in-seat power supply.[117]
Première class was available on long-haul international flights operated by Airbus A330-200 and Boeing 777-300ER aircraft featured recliner seats, fully flat beds with personal LCD TVs and in-seat power.[118] Première class in domestic flights offered recliner seats with larger leg room in a 2-2 configuration.[118]
Economy class on long-haul aircraft had a 32 inches (810 mm) seat pitch with a footrest and the cabin was configured in 2-4-2 on the Airbus A330-200 and 3-4-3 on the Boeing 777-300ER. Economy seats on the Airbus A330 and Boeing 777 had a personal 10.6 inches (270 mm) touchscreen LCD TV.[119] Domestic flights operated by Boeing 737 aircraft had Première and Economy classes and the ATR 72 aircraft had an all-economy class configuration.[110] Economy class on Boeing 737 had a 30 inches (760 mm) seat pitch with personal LCD behind each seat.[119] Meals were served in economy class until recently. They introduced buy-on-board which was named Jet Bistro.[117][118][119]
Wi-Fi
On 1 February 2016, Jet Airways announced the introduction of an in-flight entertainment service for streaming of entertainment content directly to Wi-Fi enabled personal devices of the passengers.[120]
1 July 2007: Jet Airways Flight 3307, an ATR 72-212A (registered VT-JCE), flying on the Bhopal-Indore route was involved in an accident caused by bad weather. There were no fatalities amongst the 45 passengers and four crew, but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair and written off.[122]
18 August 2015:Jet Airways Flight 555, a Boeing 737-800 (registered VT-JFA), flying on the Doha-Cochin route was involved in a serious incident at Trivandrum Airport on diversion due to poor visibility and low fuel. The flight had 3 go-arounds when approaching Cochin Airport and 3 go-arounds at Trivandrum. Visual approaches at Trivandrum were carried out in below-minima conditions. Fuel emergency was declared after the 4th go-around when the remaining fuel dropped below the final reserve fuel of 1128 kg. The aircraft landed on runway 32 on the 7th attempt with 349 kg of fuel on board. There were no injuries to the 150 passengers and crew. There was no damage to the aircraft.[123]
27 December 2016: Jet Airways Flight 2374, a Boeing 737-800 (registered VT-JBG), flying from Goa to Mumbai (India) with 154 passengers and 7 crew, backtracked runway 26, lined up runway 26 and was accelerating the engines for takeoff when the aircraft continued to turn right, the crew rejected takeoff, the aircraft went off the right runway edge almost perpendicular, went over soft ground and across a road and came to a stop with the nose gear collapsed and both engines making ground contact. The aircraft was evacuated, 16 occupants received minor injuries as a result of the evacuation.[124]
30 October 2017: Jet Airways Flight 339, a Boeing 737-900, flying from Mumbai to Delhi, was subject of a bomb hoax/hijacking hoax. Birju Kishore Salla, a jeweller from Mumbai, left a note in the business class lavatory claiming that 12 hijackers were on board the flight and that explosives had been placed in the cargo area, and demanded that the plane be diverted to Pakistani-administered Kashmir. After the note was found, the plane was diverted for an emergency landing in Ahmedabad, whereupon bomb disposal units searched the aircraft and found that the note was a hoax. Salla was subsequently banned from flying on Jet Airways flights for five years, and was the first person to get added to the Indian No-Fly List.[125][126]
^Joseph, Josy. "A feast of vultures". afeastofvultures.com. Official website. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
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