Halligen Frisian

Hallingen Frisian
Halifreesk
Native toGermany
RegionHalligen islands
Native speakers
40 (1972) [1]
Early form
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologhall1241
North Frisian dialects

Halligen Frisian (North Frisian: Halifreesk) is the dialect of the North Frisian language spoken on the Halligen islands, primarily Langeneß and Hooge, in the German region of North Frisia. The dialect has survived despite the islands' being home to less than 300 people and unprotected by dikes, mandating evacuations during storms. However, it is now in danger of extinction.[2] Although it is spoken on islands, it is considered part of the Mainland North Frisian dialects as opposed to the Insular North Frisian Dialects, due to its linguistic features.[3]

Grammar

Verbs

Below are six commonly used verbs in Halligen Frisian:

Be Have Become Want Shall Can
infinitive weese heewe warde wal skal or schal kun
past participle wään heet wuden weelt sköölt or schöölt kut
person present
1sg bän hääw ward wal skal or schal koon
2sg bäst hääst warst wääl or wäät skääl or schäät koonst
3sg is heet ward wal skal or schal koon
plural sän heewe warde win skin or schin kun
person past
1 & 3sg waos hee wud weel skööl or schööl ku
2sg weerst heest wudst weest skööst or schööst kust
pl weern heen wuden ween sköön or schöön kun
  • The future tense is formed with the verbs wal or skal.
  • The perfect tense is formed with either hääw or weese.

References

  1. ^ Jens Lorenzen: Halligfriesisches Lesebuch S. 147-151
  2. ^ Walker, Alastair G.H. (2001). "Extent and position of North Frisian". In Horst H. Munske (ed.). Handbuch des Friesischen – Handbook of Frisian Studies (in German and English). Tübingen: Niemeyer. pp. 263–283. ISBN 3-484-73048-X.
  3. ^ Walker, Alastair G.H.; Wilts, Ommo (2001). "Die nordfriesischen Mundarten". In Horst H. Munske (ed.). Handbuch des Friesischen – Handbook of Frisian Studies (in German and English). Tübingen: Niemeyer. pp. 284–3004. ISBN 3-484-73048-X.

Further reading

  • Jens Lorenzen Deutsch-Halligfriesisch: Ein Wörterbuch / Tutsk-Freesk: En Üürdeböök: 6000 Vokabeln Halligfriesisch mit Texten aus dem 17. bis 20. Jahrhundert, Bräist/Bredstedt: Nordfriisk Instituut, 1977 (in German and Halligen Frisian) ISBN 3-88007-059-8.
  • Jens Lorenzen: Halligfriesische Sprachlehre. Nordfriisk Instituut, Bräist/Bredstedt 1982. ISBN 3-88007-117-9.
  • Ommo Wilts (ed.) Friesische Formenlehre in Tabellen VII: Halligen, Husum: Matthiesen Verlag, 1997 ISBN 3-7868-0513-X.
  • Jens Lorenzen: Halligfriesisches Lesebuch = Halifreesk Leeseböök : friesisch-deutsch ; 35 halligfriesische Texte mit gegenübergestellter deutscher Übersetzung. Nordfriisk Instistuut, Bredstedt 1981. ISBN 3-88007-107-1.
  • Jens Lorenzen: Nai hali-leedeböök : 25 freeske leede än 10 koraole. Noordfriisk Instituut, Bräist 1979. ISBN 3-88007-081-4
  • Halli-Ledebök. Nordfriesische Rundschau, Niebüll 1925
  • Bandix Friedrich Bonken: Lidjan unt Ömrang-and Halleg-Fresk. Jensen, Breklum 1914


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