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G 196-3
Observation data; Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Ursa Major
Right ascension	10h 04m 21.4629s
Declination	50° 23′ 13.3872″
Apparent magnitude (V)	13.3
Characteristics
Spectral type	M3V
U−B color index	+1.67
B−V color index	+1.16
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	11.7 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −141.177±0.055 mas/yr ; Dec.: −202.394±0.053 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	45.8611 ± 0.0388 mas
Distance	71.12 ± 0.06 ly ; (21.80 ± 0.02 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	13.33
Other designations
	TYC 3440-13-1, NLTT 23293
Database references
SIMBAD	data

G 196-3 is a young low-mass M dwarf type star which is about 100 million years old. The star is located within the Ursa Major constellation about 71.1 light years away^[1] from the Earth. During observations by Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias in Tenerife, Spain in 1998, a substellar-mass object was discovered to orbit approximately 300 astronomical units (AU) from the star. It was detected using direct imaging.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Substellar companion

Observations of the substellar object were performed on January 25, 1998 where a faint red companion was present 16.2 arc seconds southwest of the star. A comparison of images taken at different wavelengths was done using low-intermediate-resolution spectroscopy confirmed the presence of a substellar object which was named G 196-3B. The Further observations confirmed the discovery when the team of Rafael Rebolo obtained R & I broadband photometry on March 19, 1998. The TCS Telescope showed its very cool nature in near-infrared (K Band). The comparison of the optical and infrared magnitudes including dust condensation has allowed astronomers to conclude that the substellar object was 25–10+15 Jupiter masses or simply 25 masses that of the Jovian-planet Jupiter. This was the second^[6]^[7] discovery of a brown dwarf that was found around a low-mass star whose age^[8] was relatively young. The separation of the star and the substellar object has suggested that both were parts of a fragment from a collapsing cloud although another possible scenario suggests that it originated from a dissipated protoplanetary disk.^[9]^[2]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

The G 196-3 planetary system^[14]^[15]
Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
B	26±1 $M$ _J	350±1	—	—	—	1.36±0.23 $R$ _J

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b Rafael Rebolo; et al. (1998). "Discovery of a Low-Mass Brown Dwarf Companion of the Young Nearby Star G 196-3". Science. 282 (5392): 1309–1312. arXiv:astro-ph/9811413. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1309R. doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1309. PMID 9812893. S2CID 10595230.
^ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Wilson, John C.; Dahn, Conard C.; Monet, David G.; Reid, I. Neill; Liebert, James (2001). "Low-Luminosity Companions to Nearby Stars: Status of the 2MASS Data Search". In Jones, Hugh R. A.; Steele, Iain A. (eds.). Ultracool Dwarfs: New Spectral Types L and T. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. p. 125. Bibcode:2001udns.conf..125K. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56672-1_12. ISBN 978-3-642-56672-1.
^ "G 196-3". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
^ "Lowell Proper Motion Survey 8991 Northern Stars (Giclas 1971) ReadMe". Centre de Donnes Astronomiques. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
^ "G196-3B : the second discovery of a brown dwarf around a low-mass star". Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC). Retrieved 2010-02-22.
^ R. Rebolo (2000). "Lithium in Brown Dwarfs". The Light Elements and Their Evolution, Proceedings of IAU Symposium 198, Held 22-26 Nov 1999, Natal, Brazil. Edited by L. Da Silva, R. De Medeiros, & M Spite, 2000. 198: 299. Bibcode:2000IAUS..198..299R.
^ "ING Scientific Highlights in 1998". Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
^ "Resultados más relevantes". IAC. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
^ "196-3B". ExtraSolar.net. Archived from the original on 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
^ McGovern, Mark R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; McLean, Ian S.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Prato, L.; Lowrance, Patrick J. (2004). "Identifying Young Brown Dwarfs Using Gravity-Sensitive Spectral Features". The Astrophysical Journal. 600 (2): 1020–1024. arXiv:astro-ph/0309634. Bibcode:2004ApJ...600.1020M. doi:10.1086/379849. S2CID 475796.
^ Allers; Liu; Dupuy; Cushing (2009). "Discovery of Young Dwarf L Binary". Astrophysical Journal. 715 (561): 561–571. arXiv:0912.4687. Bibcode:2010ApJ...715..561A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/561. S2CID 116058913.
^ "2MASSW J1004207+502300". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
^ "G 196-3 Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive.
^ Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (2015-09-10). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 1538-4357.