Front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout

FMF layout

In automotive design, a front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (also called more simply "mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout", and abbreviated MF or FMF) is one in which the front road wheels are driven by an internal-combustion engine placed just behind them, in front of the passenger compartment.[1][2] [3] [4]

In contrast to the front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (FF), the center of mass of the engine is behind the front axle. This layout is typically chosen for its better weight distribution (the heaviest component is near the center of the car, lowering its moment of inertia). Many early successful (and mostly French) mass-produced front-wheel drive cars used the MF layout, until the 1959 BMC (Austin / Morris) Mini demonstrated the layout and passenger car packaging benefits of mounting the engine transversely in front of the front axle. At first – when well executed – the packaging, space utilization and user experience of MF layout, even in a subcompact or supermini, like the Renault 16 or Renault 5, made many people consider the differences between the FF and MF layouts to be minor.

Renault 4 rolling chassis

However, the mid-engined layout uses central space. The FF layout has since completely supplanted the MF layout, and almost all manufacturers currently fit transverse engines.

Examples of road cars using the MF layout include the Cord 810, BSA Scout, Citroën Traction Avant, Citroën DS, Renault 4 (and derivatives R5 and R6), Renault 16, Saab 900 Saab Sonett mk1, the Citroën SM, and the Mitsubishi FTO, as well as some commercial vehicles like the Tempo Matador. These vehicles have longitudinal mounted engines; transverse engined vehicles are possible in theory if the issue of passenger footwell location is addressed. The Toyota iQ comes close to this by having its front differential in front of the engine,[5] however despite this, the iQ is still considered to have an FF layout.

Traditionally, the term mid-engine has been reserved for cars that place the engine and transaxle behind the driver and in front of the rear axles [citation needed], as in the Lamborghini Countach or Ferrari Testarossa, but an engine placed in front of the driver's compartment but fully behind the front axle line also qualifies as mid-engine.

  • Citroën Traction Avant revolutionized auto design with its low slung unibody design bodywork.
    Citroën Traction Avant revolutionized auto design with its low slung unibody design bodywork.
  • The 1955–1975 Citroën DS successor packed full of innovations, but retained the MF layout
    The 1955–1975 Citroën DS successor packed full of innovations, but retained the MF layout
  • Saab Sonett mk1 used the MF layout by turning the engine and running it "backwards".
    Saab Sonett mk1 used the MF layout by turning the engine and running it "backwards".
  • The 1972 Renault 5 was one of the last successful mid-engine, front-wheel-drive cars.
    The 1972 Renault 5 was one of the last successful mid-engine, front-wheel-drive cars.
  • The Nissan GT-R LM Nismo was the only Le Mans Prototype race car with a front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout.
    The Nissan GT-R LM Nismo was the only Le Mans Prototype race car with a front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout.

References

  1. ^ "Front Wheel Drive (FWD) layouts". Virtual Motoring. 21 July 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  2. ^ "What Is Mid Engine Layout And What Are Its Benefits?". Car Bike Team. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  3. ^ Veeresh, Sai (6 June 2021). "Stability of Car Layout" (PDF). Kaunas University of Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  4. ^ Toma, Sebastian (30 November 2016). "Engine Layouts - Your Guide To What FF, RMR, And All In Between Mean". Autoevolution. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  5. ^ "TOYOTA IQ: SIX DEGREES OF INNOVATION – NO1". 22 October 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2011.


Read other articles:

Membentar

Seekor kuda sedang berlatih lompat berkuda di halte dalam antrean panjang. Membentar adalah teknik untuk melatih kuda. Ini juga merupakan komponen penting dari olahraga lompat berkuda .Tempat untuk membentar kuda disebut pembentaran. Kuda diminta bergerak di ujung garis yang panjangnya kira-kira 25 kaki (7,6 m) . Membentar adalah latihan kuda dalam lingkaran besar dengan kuda berjalan mengitari tepi luar cincin nyata atau khayalan dengan pawang berada di tanah di tengahnya, memegang tali...

 

Kabinet Pembangunan V

Kabinet Pembangunan VKabinet Pemerintahan IndonesiaDibentuk23 Maret 1988Diselesaikan17 Maret 1993Struktur pemerintahanKepala negaraSoehartoKepala pemerintahanSoehartoWakil kepala pemerintahanSudharmonoJumlah menteri32Jumlah wakil menteri6Partai anggotaGolongan KaryaAngkatan Bersenjata Republik IndonesiaIndependenSejarahPendahuluKabinet Pembangunan IVPenggantiKabinet Pembangunan VI Artikel ini adalah bagian dari seriPolitik dan ketatanegaraanIndonesia Pemerintahan pusat Hukum Pancasila(ideolog...

 

Ha Yoon-kyung

Ha Yoon-kyungHa pada tahun 2022Lahir20 Oktober 1992 (umur 31)Korea SelatanPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif2015–sekarangAgenHODU&U Entertainment Nama KoreaHangul하윤경 Alih AksaraHa Yun-gyeongMcCune–ReischauerHa Yun-kyŏng Ha Yoon-kyung (lahir 1992) adalah pemeran Korea Selatan. Ia paling dikenal untuk penampilannya dalam seri televisi Hospital Playlist (2020–2021) dan Extraordinary Attorney Woo (2022). Filmografi Film Tahun Judul Peran Notes Ref. 2015 Socialphobia Ha-young/...

Westland, Michigan

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Westland, Michigan – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) City in Michigan, United StatesWestland, MichiganCityCity of WestlandWestland City Hall FlagSealNickname: An All American C...

 

Dewoitine D.27

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un aéronef et le domaine militaire. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Dewoitine D.27 Vue de l'avion. Constructeur Dewoitine Rôle Avion de chasse Premier vol 1928 Mise en service 1931 Équipage 1 personne Motorisation Moteur Hispano-Suiza 12 Mc Nombre 1 Type 12 cylindres en V à refroidissement liquide Puissance unitaire 500 ch Dimensions Envergure 9,80 ...

 

حوزة قم

34°38′36″N 50°52′49″E / 34.643472222222°N 50.880305555556°E / 34.643472222222; 50.880305555556 حوزة قم العلمية معلومات المؤسس عبد الكريم الحائري اليزدي  التأسيس 1922  النوع جامعة دينية الموقع الجغرافي إحداثيات 34°38′36″N 50°52′49″E / 34.643472222222°N 50.880305555556°E / 34.643472222222; 50.880305555556   المدي�...

Elmer Fudd

Warner Bros. theatrical cartoon character Fudd redirects here. For other uses, see Fudd (disambiguation). Fictional character Elmer J. FuddLooney Tunes/Merrie Melodies characterFirst appearanceLittle Red Walking Hood (November 6, 1937; 86 years ago (1937-11-06)) (prototype version)[1][2]Elmer's Candid Camera (March 2, 1940; 84 years ago (1940-03-02)) (official/finalized version)Created byTex AveryChuck JonesVoiced byMel Blanc (1937–1939-19...

 

Black dogfish

Species of shark Black dogfish Conservation status Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Elasmobranchii Subdivision: Selachimorpha Order: Squaliformes Family: Etmopteridae Genus: Centroscyllium Species: C. fabricii Binomial name Centroscyllium fabricii(Reinhardt, 1825) Range of the black dogfish Synonyms Spinax fabricii Reinhardt, 1825 The black dogfish (Centroscyllium fabri...

 

Stocking

Hosiery that covers the feet and legs to the knee or higher This article is about the article of clothing primarily worn by women. For the Christmas receptacle filled by Santa Claus, see Christmas stocking. For other uses, see Stocking (disambiguation). StockingA pair of nylon stockings.MaterialChiefly nylon, silk, wool, cotton, rayon Part of a series onUndergarment Types Bra Boxer shorts Boxer briefs Bikini Briefs Camisole Diaper Hosiery (Pantyhose, Sock and Stocking etc.) Long underwear Pan...

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

豪栄道豪太郎

豪栄道 豪太郎 場所入りする豪栄道基礎情報四股名 澤井 豪太郎→豪栄道 豪太郎本名 澤井 豪太郎愛称 ゴウタロウ、豪ちゃん、GAD[1][2]生年月日 (1986-04-06) 1986年4月6日（38歳）出身 大阪府寝屋川市身長 183cm体重 160kgBMI 47.26所属部屋 境川部屋得意技 右四つ・出し投げ・切り返し・外掛け・首投げ・右下手投げ成績現在の番付 引退最高位 東大関生涯戦歴 696勝493敗...

 

Republic

Form of government This article is about the form of government. For the political ideology, see Republicanism. For other uses, see Republic (disambiguation). Part of the Politics seriesBasic forms of government List of forms of government List of countries by system of government Source of power Democracy (rule by many) Demarchy Direct Liberal Representative Social Socialist Others Oligarchy (rule by few) Anocracy Aristocracy Gerontocracy Kleptocracy Kritarchy Meritocracy Noocracy Particracy...

Basilika Santa Teresa dari Kanak-kanak Yesus, Ávila

Basilika Santa Teresa dari Kanak-kanak YesusBasilika Minor Santa Teresa dari Kanak-kanak Yesusbahasa Spanyol: Iglesia-convento de Santa TeresaBasilika Santa Teresa dari Kanak-kanak YesusLokasiÁvilaNegara SpanyolDenominasiGereja Katolik RomaArsitekturStatusBasilika minorStatus fungsionalAktifAdministrasiKeuskupanKeuskupan Ávila Basilika Santa Teresa dari Kanak-kanak Yesus (bahasa Spanyol: Iglesia-convento de Santa Teresa) adalah sebuah gereja basilika minor Katolik yang berlokas...

 

Puerarin

Puerarin Names IUPAC name 8-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)-4′,7-dihydroxyisoflavone Systematic IUPAC name 7-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one Other names Daidzein-8-C-glucoside7,4'-Dihydroxy-8-C-glucosylisoflavone Identifiers CAS Number 3681-99-0 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive imageInteractive image ChEBI CHEBI:8633 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL486386 Y ChemSpider 4445119 Y ECHA InfoCard 100.130.674 KEGG C10524&#...

 

The Unlighted Road (Schlitz Playhouse of Stars)

35th episode of the 4th season of Schlitz Playhouse of Stars The Unlighted RoadSchlitz Playhouse of Stars episodeJames Dean in The Unlighted RoadEpisode no.Season 4Episode 35Directed byJustus AddissWritten byWalter C. BrownProduced byWilliam SelfOriginal air dateMay 6, 1955 (1955-05-06)Guest appearances James Dean as Jeffrey Latham Murvyn Vye as Mike Deegan Edgar Stehli as Matt Schreiber Episode chronology ← PreviousThe Brute Next Door Next →Too Many Nelsons ...

Bishop of Bath and Wells

Diocesan bishop in the Church of England Bishop of Bath and WellsBishopricanglican Arms of the Bishop of Bath and Wells: Azure, a saltire per saltire quarterly quartered or and argent[1]Incumbent:Michael BeasleyLocationEcclesiastical provinceCanterburyResidenceBishop's Palace, WellsInformationFirst holderAthelmEstablished909DioceseBath and WellsCathedralWells CathedralWebsitewww.bathandwells.org.uk The Bishop of Bath and Wells heads the Church of England Diocese of Bath and Wells in t...

 

Ambrosia beetle

For other uses, see Ambrosia (disambiguation). Species of beetle Ambrosia beetles are beetles of the weevil subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), which live in nutritional symbiosis with ambrosia fungi. The beetles excavate tunnels in dead or stressed trees into which they introduce fungal gardens, their sole source of nutrition. After landing on a suitable tree, an ambrosia beetle excavates a tunnel in which it releases its fungal symbiont. The fungus penetrate...

 

Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam

Art museum in Amsterdam, Netherlands Stedelijk Museum redirects here. For other museums with the same name, see Stedelijk Museum (disambiguation). Stedelijk Museum AmsterdamLogo of the museum since 23 September 2012Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, 2013Location within the city of AmsterdamEstablished1874 (1874)[1]LocationMuseumplein 10[2]Amsterdam, NetherlandsCoordinates52°21′29″N 4°52′47″E / 52.358056°N 4.879722°E / 52.358056; 4.879722TypeMo...

2002–2006 municipal reorganization of Montreal

Merger and demerger of municipalities on the Island of Montreal, Quebec This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 2002–2006 municipal reorganization of Montreal – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Montreal was one of the cities in...

 

Drunks (film)

1995 American film DrunksDirected byPeter CohnWritten byGary LennonStarring Richard Lewis Faye Dunaway Spalding Gray Amanda Plummer Dianne Wiest CinematographyPeter HawkinsEdited byHughes WinborneMusic byJoe DeliaProductioncompaniesBMG IndependentsNorthern Lights EntertainmentDistributed byShooting Gallery Film SeriesRelease date August 23, 1995 (1995-08-23) (Showtime)Running time90 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglish Drunks is a 1995 American drama film starring Richard...