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Frilled coquette
	A frilled coquette male at Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
	Lophornis magnificus caught in flight
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
	CITES Appendix II (CITES)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Genus:	Lophornis
Species:	L. magnificus
Binomial name
	Lophornis magnificus; (Vieillot, 1817)

The frilled coquette (Lophornis magnificus) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Brazil.^[3]^[4]

Taxonomy and systematics

The frilled coquette's genus name derives from the Greek words "lophos λοφος"meaning "crest, tuft, forelock" and "ornis ορνις", " meaning bird. The species name "magnificus" is the Latin word for "magnificent, splendid".^[5]

The frilled coquette is monotypic.^[3]

Description

The frilled coquette is one of the smallest birds alive. It is 7.1 to 7.7 cm (2.8 to 3.0 in) long and weighs an average of 2.66 g (0.094 oz). Both sexes have a short, straight, black-tipped red bill and bronzy green upperparts with a white band across the rump. Adult males of this striking bird have a long, rufous-orange erectile crest and green and white fan-shaped cheek feathers. Its forehead and throat are iridescent green and the rest of the underparts grayish green. Its central tail feathers are bronzy green and the rest rufous with bronzy green tips and edges. The adult female does not have the male's crest or cheek tufts. It has a whitish throat with rufous discs and dark crescents. It underparts are grayish green like the male's, but the tail is overall dark bronze with rufous ends. Juveniles are similar to the adult female.^[6]

Distribution and habitat

The frilled coquette is found in eastern and southern Brazil, from Espírito Santo south to Rio Grande do Sul and west almost to Bolivia and Paraguay. It has occasionally been recorded as far north as Alagoas. It inhabits semi-open to open landscapes such as the edges of humid forest, secondary forest, coffee plantations, gardens, and cerrado. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft).^[6]

Behavior

Movement

The frilled coquette makes some seasonal dispersal, apparently after the flowering and nesting season.^[6]

Feeding

The frilled coquette feeds on small arthropods and on the nectar of a wide variety of small flowering plants. It catches insects by hawking from a perch 2 to 5 m (7 to 20 ft) above the ground. It defers to larger hummingbirds.^[6]

Breeding

The frilled coquette's breeding season spans from August to March. The female makes a cup-shaped nest of plant down and moss decorated with lichens on the outside. It typically places it like a saddle on a branch of a bush or small tree 2 to 5 m (7 to 20 ft) above the ground. The female incubates the clutch of two white eggs; incubation lasts 12 to 13 days and fledging occurs about 20 days after hatch.^[6]

Songs and calls

Listen to frilled coquette on xeno-canto

Vocal and non-vocal sounds

The frilled coquette is mostly silent. It gives "a short 'tsip'" while feeding. Its wings make "a low bee-like humming" when hovering.^[6]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the frilled coquette as being of Least Concern, though its population size and trend are not known.^[1] It is regarded as common and "[r]eadily accepts man-made habitats like plantations and flowering gardens". It occurs in several protected areas.^[6]

Gallery

A perched male Lophornis magnificus
Illustration from Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches (1861)
Museum specimen of Lophornis magnificus
Parque Nacional do Itatiaia Reinaldo de Medeiros

References

^ ^a ^b BirdLife International (2016). "Frilled Coquette Lophornis magnificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22687190A93144425. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22687190A93144425.en. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
^ ^a ^b Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2022). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 12.1. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
^ HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
^ *James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Züchner, T., G. M. Kirwan, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Frilled Coquette (Lophornis magnificus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.fricoq1.01 retrieved January 24, 2022