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Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
	Sinha Flag; Lion Flag
Use	Civil and state flag, civil ensign
Proportion	1:2
Adopted	22 May 1972
Design	A golden field with two panels: the smaller hoist-side panel has only two vertical bands of teal and orange and the larger fly-side panel is the maroon field depicting the golden lion holding a kastane sword in its right fore paw in the center and four bo tree (bodhi tree) leaves on each corner, and the golden field appears as a border around the entire flag and extends in between the two panels, all bordering together.
Use	Auxiliary ensign used by merchant ship commanded by reserve naval officer
Proportion	1:2
Adopted	1972
Design	A blue field with the flag of Sri Lanka in the canton.
Use	President's Colour
Proportion	1:2
Adopted	1972
Design	A defaced flag of Sri Lanka with the Emblem of Sri Lanka
Use	Naval ensign
Proportion	1:2
Adopted	1972
Design	A white field with the flag of Sri Lanka in the canton.
Use	Civil ensign
Proportion	1:2
Adopted	1972
Design	A red field with the flag of Sri Lanka in the canton.
Use	Air Force ensign
Proportion	1:2
Adopted	2010
Design	A defaced sky-blue ensign with the flag of Sri Lanka in the canton and Air Force roundel.

The flag of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ජාතික කොඩිය, romanized: Sri Lankave jathika kodiya; Tamil: இலங்கையின் தேசியக்கொடி, romanized: Ilankaiyin teciyakkoṭi), also called the Sinha Flag or Lion Flag, consists of a golden lion holding a kastane sword in its right fore-paw in a maroon background with four gold bo leaves, one in each corner. This is bordered by gold, and to its left are two vertical stripes of equal size in teal and orange, with the orange stripe closest to the lion. The lion and the maroon background represent the Sinhalese race, while the saffron border and four bo leaves represent the concepts of meththa, karuṇā, muditā and upecka respectively. The stripes represent the country's two largest minority ethnicities, with the orange representing the Tamils inhabitants—namely the Sri Lankan Tamils and the Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka—and the teal stripe representing the Sri Lankan Moors (Muslims of Sri Lanka). The golden yellow border is a catch-all representing the various minority communities of the country.

History

As depicted on a mural in Cave no. 2 at Dambulla Viharaya, King Dutugemunu on his campaign against Ellalan (an invading South Indian ruler in 162 BC) is depicted with a banner containing a lion figure carrying a sword in its right forepaw, a symbol of the Sun and one of the Moon.^[1] This flag was known as the only ancient representation of the lion flag of the Sinhalese but in 1957, the lion figure on it was defaced by a vandal.^[2]

This basic design continued to be in use until 1815, when the Kandyan Convention ended the reign of the country's last native monarch, Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, replacing his royal standard (used as the Flag of the Kingdom of Kandy) with the Union Flag as the nation's accepted flag.^[3] The government of British Ceylon later established its own flag, while Sri Vikrama Rajasinha's standard was taken to England and kept at the Royal Hospital Chelsea.^[3]

As the independence movement in Sri Lanka gained strength in the early 20th century, E. W. Perera and D. R. Wijewardena discovered the original Lioness Flag in Chelsea.^[3] A photo of it was published in Dinamina, in a special edition marking a century since the loss of self-rule and Sri Lankan independence.^[3] The flag provoked much interest from the public who, for the first time since the fall of the Kandyan Kingdom, had seen its actual design.^[3]

Member of Parliament for Batticaloa, Mudaliyar A. Sinnalebbe, suggested in Parliament on January 16, 1948, that the Lion Flag should be accepted as the national flag.^[4] In 1948, the flag was adopted as the national flag of the Dominion of Ceylon, undergoing two changes: one in 1953 and a redesign in 1972.^[3] A notable feature of the 1972 adaptation of the Kandyan standard was the replacement of the four spearheads at the flag's corners by four bo leaves, a design choice made under the direction of Nissanka Wijeyeratne, Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Cultural Affairs and Chairman of the National Emblem and Flag Design Committee.^[3]^[5]

Monarchical Sri Lanka

Historical flags of Sri Lanka
Flag of Dutugamunu, Anuradhapura period
Flag of Kingdom of Gampola's flag, c. 1341–1408
Flag of the Kingdom of Kotte's flag, c. 1412–1597
Flag of Kingdom of Sitawaka's flag, c. 1521-1594
Standard of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Kandy, used as the Kingdom of Kandy's flag, c. 1798–1815

British Ceylon period

Historical flags of Sri Lanka
Flag of British Ceylon, 1815–1875
Flag of British Ceylon, 1875–1948

Sri Lanka (since 1948)

Historical flags of Sri Lanka
Flag of the Dominion of Ceylon, 1948–1951
Flag of the Dominion of Ceylon (similar to current), 1951–1972

Symbolism

According to the Buddhist Mahavamsa chronicle, the Sinhala Buddhists are descended from Prince Vijaya, whose father Sinhabahu was the son of a lion and a human princess. This myth is reflected in the national flag, with its lion symbolizing the Sinhala race.^[6]

The national flag of Sri Lanka represents the country and its heritage as a rallying device. Most symbols in the flag have been given distinctive meanings.^[7]^[8]

Symbol	Represents
The Lion	The Sinhala ethnicity and the strength of the nation
The bo leaves	The four Buddhist virtues of loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy and equanimity
The sword of the lion	The sovereignty of the nation
The curly hair on the lion's head	Religious observance, wisdom and meditation
The eight hairs on the lion's tail	The Noble Eightfold Path
The beard of the lion	Purity of words
The handle of the sword	The classical elements of water, fire, air and earth
The nose of the lion	Intelligence
The two front paws of the lion	Purity in handling wealth
Orange stripe	The Tamil ethnicity (including the Hill Country Tamils of Indian ancestry)
Teal stripe	The Moor ethnicity
Saffron border	Buddhism and unity among the people
The maroon background	The Sinhala ethnicity
The golden yellow border	Other minority communities of Sri Lanka, such as the Malays, the Burghers, the Indigenous Veddas, the Kaffirs and, the Sri Lankan Chinese, who migrated to Sri Lanka during the 17th–19th centuries.

Colours

The colors of the national flag are specified in the document "SLS 1: 2020: Specification for the National Flag of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka".^[9]

Colours scheme	Yellow	Maroon	Orange	Teal
CMYK	0-26-90-3	0-80-66-42	0-48-100-13	100-0-9-63
HEX	#F7B718	#941E32	#DF7500	#005F56
RGB	247-183-24	148-30-50	223-117-0	0-95-86
Pantone	14-0957 TCX	19-1863 TCX	16-1164 TCX	18-5322 TCX

Gallery

Flown at the Embassy in Warsaw
Displayed outside a stadium, in Leeds, UK
Mountaineer Jayanthi Kuru-Utumpala with Sri Lankan flag atop Mount Everest
Hung vertically, along a street in Malaysia
Displayed along other flags during the 2012 Summer Olympics in London
Used at a sports event

References

Citations

^ Seneviratna, Anuradha (1983). Golden Rock Temple of Dambulla: Caves of infinite Buddhas. Central Cultural Fund. p. 9.
^ Godakumbura, C.E. (1969). History of archaeology in Ceylon. Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, New Series (Vol XIII). p. 36. We all agree with Deraniyagala when he considers that the defacing of the lion depicted upon Dutugemunu's flag in the famous Dambulla frescoes as a national loss. This, so far as we know, is the only ancient representation of the lion-flag of the Sinhalese.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "The Sri Lankan National Flag". sundaytimes.lk. The Sunday Times. 4 February 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
^ "The proposer of the lion flag: Mudlr. Sinnalebbe". Daily News. 4 February 2004. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
^ Volker Preuß. "Sri Lanka (Ceylon)" (in German). Retrieved 7 September 2003.
^ Sriskanda Rajah, A. R. (2023). Tamil nationalism in Sri Lanka: counter-history as war after the Tamil Tigers. Routledge contemporary South Asia series. London New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 53–59. ISBN 978-1-003-30167-7.
^ "National symbols of Sri Lanka". gov.lk. Government of Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
^ Karunarathne, Waruni (27 April 2015). "Controversy Over Flag At Demo". thesundayleader.lk. Sunday Leader. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
^ "SLS 1:2020" (PDF). Sri Lanka Standards Institute. Retrieved 7 April 2022.