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Euconulidae
	Drawing of a live Euconulus fulvus and its shell
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Suborder:	Helicina
Infraorder:	Limacoidei
Superfamily:	Trochomorphoidea
Family:	Euconulidae; Baker, 1928
Genera
	See text

Euconulidae is a taxonomic family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Trochomorphoidea.^[1]

This land snail family is closely allied to the Zonitidae, the glass snails.

Taxonomy

The family Euconulidae was originally placed within the superfamily Gastrodontoidea according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).^[2] Since 2017, its classification has been revised and it now belongs to the superfamily Trochomorphoidea^[3]

Distribution

The distribution of the Euconulidae includes the Nearctic, the western-Palearctic, the eastern-Palearctic, the Neotropical zone, the Ethiopian zone, Malagasy, south-eastern Asia, Australia, Polynesia and Hawaii.^[4]

Humidity, temperature, rainfall, and foliar dripping derived from dew, mist, and rain, affect the behavior and substrate selection of small terrestrial molluscs, such as Tikoconus costarricanus, which inhabit shrubs in humid tropical montane forests.^[5] There is also a preference of some parts of a leaf,^[6] for example, in some cases the lower side is preferred, possibly because it has better humidity and protects small snails from the impact of raindrops.^[7]

Shell description

These minute snails have a shell which is roundly conical and broad-based, like the shape of an old-fashioned European woven bee hive or skep. For this reason these snails are sometimes known as "hive snails".

The shells of most Euconulidae are only about 3 mm in size, amber-colored and translucent.

Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).^[8]

Genera

Subfamilies and genera in the family Euconulidae include:

Euconulinae

Afroconulus Van Mol & van Bruggen, 1971^[9]
Afroguppya de Winter & Bruggen, 1992^[9]
Afropunctum F. Haas, 1934^[9]
Cancelloconus I. Rensch, 1932^[9]
Coneuplecta Möllendorff, 1893^[9]
Diepenheimia Preston, 1913^[9]
Discoconulus Reinhardt, 1883^[9]
Dryachloa F. G. Thompson & H. G. Lee, 1980^[9]
Euconulus Reinhardt, 1883 - type genus of the family Euconulidae^[2]
Guppya Mörch, 1867^[9]
Habroconus Crosse & P. Fischer, 1872^[9]
Kororia H. B. Baker, 1941^[9]
Louisia Godwin-Austen, 1908^[9]
Luchuconulus Pilsbry, 1928^[9]
Palaua H.B. Baker, 1941^[9]
Papuarion Van Mol, 1973^[9]
Parasitala Thiele, 1931^[9]
Sabalimax Tillier & Bouchet, 1989^[9]
Serostena Iredale, 1941^[9]
Tikoconus Barrientos, 2019^[10]
Velifera W.G. Binney, 1879^[9]

Microcystinae

Allenoconcha Preston, 1913
Aukena Baker, 1940^[11]
Cookeana
Diastole Gude, 1913
Faunulena
Greenwoodoconcha
Hiona Cooke, 1940^[11]
Innesoconcha Iredale, 1944
Iredaleoconcha Preston, 1913
Kaala
Kusaiea Baker, 1938
Lamprocystis
Liardetia
Melloconcha Iredale, 1944
Mendana
Microcystis
Nancibella
Periclocystis
Philonesia Sykes, 1900^[11]
Piena
Pukaloa
Tengchiena

Cladogram

The following cladogram shows the phylogenic relationships of this family with the other families within the limacoid clade:^[4]

References

^ "Trochomorphoidea Möllendorff, 1890". WoRMS.
^ ^a ^b Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
^ Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526
^ ^a ^b Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". Journal of Biogeography 27(2): 379-390. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x, JSTOR.
^ Barrientos, Z. (2020). Microhabitat selection, and seasonal and daily activity of the snail Tikoconus costarricanus (Stylommatophora: Euconulidae) in tropical montane wet forest understory. Revista de Biología Tropical, 68(4), 1131-1142
^ Hernández-Quinta, M. (2013). Occupancy of strata of plant height and plant substrate by land snail (Gastropoda) assemblages at Escaleras de Jaruco, Mayabeque, Cuba. The Nautilus, 127(1), 29-35.
^ Moreno-Rueda, G., Ruiz-Ruiz, A., Collantes-Martín, E., & Arrébola, J.R. (2009). Relative importance of humidity and temperature on microhabitat use by land snails in arid versus humid environments. In A. Fernández-Bernal & M.A. De la Rosa (Eds.), Arid Environments and Wind Erosion (pp 331-343). Uni- ted Kingdom: Nova Science Publishers.
^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s MolluscaBase (2018). Euconulinae H.B. Baker, 1928. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994926 on 2018-09-14
^ "Molluscabase - Euconulinae H. B. Baker, 1928". www.molluscabase.org. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bouchet P. & Abdou A. (2001). "Recent Extinct Land Snails (Euconulidae) from the Gambier Islands with Remarkable Apertural Barriers". Pacific Science 55(2): 121-127. doi:10.1353/psc.2001.0011.