Demand reduction

Demand reduction refers to efforts aimed at reducing the public desire for illegal and illicit drugs. The drug policy is in contrast to the reduction of drug supply, but the two policies are often implemented together. Some discussions of demand reduction make a distinction between policies that address single issues (such as public "knowledge-of-harms") or are short-term interventions(in-school programs), and those that approach drug demand as a complex issue with multiple social risk factors.^[1] Some economists such as Milton Friedman argue that due to the law of supply and demand, reducing demand is the only effective way to reduce drug use long-term.^{[citation needed]} It is questionable, however, whether demand reduction programs actually reduce demand.^{[citation needed]}

Implementation examples

In September 2011, Canada implemented new color graphic depictions of the consequences of smoking, mandating that they cover 75% of the front and back of each carton, health information messages on the inside of the pack, and toxic emissions statements.^[2] Each tobacco product features one such image from a series, which includes people dying in hospitals, rotting mouths, and dissected body parts depicting tumors, along with simple bold messages stating that cigarettes cause cancer, mouth disease, impotence, and harm babies.^[3] International research supports the efficacy of such warning messages.^[4]

Other examples of demand reduction programs include D.A.R.E., the State of Montana's Not Even Once.,^[5] and the drug policy of Sweden.^[6]

References

^ Spooner, Catherine; Hall, Wayne; Lynskey, Michael (2001). Structural determinants of youth drug use (PDF). Tuross Head, N.S.W.: Australian National Council on Drugs. ISBN 1877018015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Government of Canada Acts to Strengthen and Enlarge Health Warnings on Cigarette and Little Cigar Packages". Health Canada. Government of Canada. 18 February 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
^ "Health Labels for Cigarettes and Little Cigars". Health Canada. Government of Canada. 12 Dec 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
^ Fong, Geoffrey T.; Hammond, David; Hitchman, Sara C. (2009). "The impact of pictures on the effectiveness of tobacco warnings". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 87 (8): 640–643. doi:10.2471/BLT.09.069575 (inactive 5 December 2024). PMC 2733253. PMID 19705020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2015.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (link)
^ Beale, Jonathan (22 August 2008). "Montana meth ads winning drug battle". BBC News. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
^ Lafrenière, Gérald (18 April 2002). "National Drug Policy: Sweden". Library of Parliament. Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 16 January 2015.

Recreational drug use

Major recreational drugs

Depressants

Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Carbamates
Ethanol (alcohol)
Gabapentinoids
GHB
Inhalants
- Medical
  - Nitrous oxide (recreational use)
- Hazardous solvents
- Other
  - Freon
Kava
Nonbenzodiazepines
Quinazolinones

Psychedelics	Bufotenin Psychoactive toads Vilca Yopo DMT Ayahuasca LSA LSD-25 Mescaline Peruvian torch Peyote San Pedro Psilocybin / Psilocin Psilocybin mushrooms
Dissociatives	DXM (recreational use) Glaucine Inhalants Nitrous oxide (recreational use) alkyl nitrites poppers amyl nitrite Ketamine MXE Muscimol Amanita muscaria PCP Salvinorin A Salvia divinorum
Deliriants	Atropine and Scopolamine Atropa belladonna Datura Hyoscyamus niger Mandragora officinarum Dimenhydrinate Diphenhydramine
Cannabinoids	THC Cannabis (Marijuana) Hashish Hash oil Neocannabinoid / synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 APICA APINACA Spice
Oneirogens	Calea zacatechichi Silene capensis

Club drugs

Drug culture

Cannabis culture	420 Cannabis consumption Cannabis cultivation Cannabis edible Cannabis rights Cannabis rights leaders List of cannabis rights organizations Cannabis smoking Cannabis Social Club Cannabis tea Cannabis vaping Head shop Legal history of cannabis in the United States Legality of cannabis Marijuana Policy Project Medical cannabis NORML Cannabis and religion Stoner film
Coffee culture	Coffee break Coffeehouse Latte art Teahouse
Drinking culture	Bartending Beer culture Beer festival Binge drinking Diethyl ether Drinking games Drinking song Happy hour Hip flask Nightclub Oktoberfest Pub Pub crawl Sommelier Sports bar Tailgate party Wine bar Wine tasting
Psychedelia	Psychonautics Art Drug Era Experience Literature Music Microdosing Smart shop Therapy
Smoking culture	Cigarette card Fashion cigarettes Cloud-chasing Loosie Smokeasy Smoking fetishism Tobacco smoking
Other	Chasing the dragon Club drug Counterculture of the 1960s Dance party Drug paraphernalia Drug tourism Entheogen Hippie Needle sharing Nootropic Party and play Poly drug use Rave Religion and drugs Self-medication Sex and drugs Urban legends about drugs Whoonga

Legality of drug use

International	International drug control conventions 1961 Narcotic Drugs 1971 Psychotropic Substances 1988 Drug Trafficking Other treaties addressing drugs Law of the Sea Convention Convention Against Doping Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs
State level	Drug policy Decriminalization Legalization Prohibition Regulation Supply reduction Policy reform Demand reduction Drug Policy Alliance Harm reduction Law Enforcement Action Partnership Liberalization Latin America Students for Sensible Drug Policy Transform Drug Policy Foundation
Drug policy by country	Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany India Netherlands Portugal Slovakia Soviet Union Sweden Switzerland United States Just Say No Office of National Drug Control Policy School district drug policies California Colorado Maryland Oregon Virginia
Drug legality	Alcohol legality Anabolic steroid legality Cannabis legality Cocaine legality Methamphetamine legality Psilocybin decriminalization in the U.S. Psilocybin mushrooms legality Salvia legality
Other	Arguments for and against drug prohibition Cannabis rights Capital punishment for drug trafficking Cognitive liberty Designer drug Drug court Drug possession Drug test Narc Politics of drug abuse War on drugs Mexican drug war Plan Colombia Philippine drug war Zero tolerance

Other

Drug
production
and trade

Drug
production

Drug trade

Illegal drug trade
- Afghanistan
- Aruba
- Australia
- Bangladesh
- Belize
- Benin
- Bhutan
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Burma
- Cambodia
- Chile
- China
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Cuba
- Cyprus
- Dominican Republic
- El Salvador
- Estonia
- Finland
- Germany
- Haiti
- Honduras
- India
- Indian Ocean region
- Iran
- Italy
- Japan
- Kenya
- Kosovo
- Kyrgyzstan
- Laos
- Latin America
- Latvia
- Malaysia
- Mauritius
- Moldova
- Nigeria
- Norway
- Oman
- Panama
- Papua New Guinea
- Paraguay
- Philippines
- Poland
- Portugal
- Puerto Rico
- Russia
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Seychelles
- Slovakia
- South Africa
- South Korea
- Spain
- Suriname
- Switzerland
- Taiwan
- Thailand
- Turkey
- Turks and Caicos Islands
- United Arab Emirates
- United States
- Venezuela
Darknet market
Pharmaceutical distribution

Issues with
drug use

Abuse
Addiction
Date rape drug
Dependence
Driving impaired
Drug harmfulness
- Effects of cannabis
Drug-related crime
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Long-term effects of cannabis
Neurotoxicity
Overdose
Passive smoking
- of tobacco or other substances

Harm reduction

Countries by
drug use

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