David Merrick

David Merrick
Merrick in 1962
Born(1911-11-27)November 27, 1911
St. Louis, Missouri
DiedApril 25, 2000(2000-04-25) (aged 88)
London, England
NationalityAmerican
Alma materWashington University in St. Louis
Saint Louis University School of Law
OccupationTheatrical producer
Spouse(s)Leonore Beck (m. 1938; div. 1963)
Jeanne Gibson (m. 1963; div. 1966)
Etan Aronson (m. 1969; div. 1976; m. 1983; div. 1999)
Karen Prunczik (m. 1982; div. 1983)
Natalie Ting Teresa Lloyd (m. 1999 - 2000 his death)
Children2

David Merrick (born David Lee Margulois; November 27, 1911 – April 25, 2000) was an American theatrical producer who won a number of Tony Awards.

Life and career

Born David Lee Margulois to Jewish parents in St. Louis, Missouri, Merrick graduated from Washington University in St. Louis, then studied law at the Jesuit-run Saint Louis University School of Law.[1] In 1940, he left his legal career to become a successful theatrical producer.

His first seven productions were hits, starting with Clutterbuck in 1949, which he produced in partnership with Irving Jacobs, and he set a precedent in 1958 of having four productions on Broadway simultaneously; all hits: Look Back in Anger, Romanoff and Juliet, Jamaica and The Entertainer.[2] He often was his own competition for the Tony Award, and he frequently won multiple nominations and/or wins in the same season.

Merrick was known for his love of publicity stunts. In 1949, his comedy Clutterbuck was running out of steam, but along with discount tickets, he paged hotel bars and restaurants around Manhattan during cocktail hour for a "fictive Mr. Clutterbuck" as a way of generating name recognition for his production, and it helped his show keep alive for another few months.[3] Another famous stunt promoted the poorly reviewed 1961 musical Subways Are For Sleeping. Merrick found seven New Yorkers who had the same names as the city's seven leading theater critics: Howard Taubman, Walter Kerr, John Chapman, John McClain, Richard Watts Jr., Norman Nadel, and Robert Coleman. Merrick invited the seven namesakes to the musical and secured their permission to use their names and pictures in an advertisement alongside quotes such as "One of the few great musical comedies of the last thirty years" and "A fabulous musical. I love it." Merrick then prepared a newspaper ad featuring the namesakes' rave reviews under the heading "7 Out of 7 Are Ecstatically Unanimous About Subways Are For Sleeping". Only one newspaper, the New York Herald Tribune, published the ad, and only in one edition; however, the publicity that the ad garnered helped the musical remain open for 205 performances (almost six months). Merrick later revealed that he had conceived the ad several years previously, but had not been able to execute it until Brooks Atkinson retired as The New York Times theater critic in 1960 since he could not find anyone with the same name.[4]

Merrick joined The Lambs in 1950, and in 1968 he joined the board of directors of the Riviera, a hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada, alongside Harvey Silbert and Harry A. Goodman.[5] He also worked with director and choreographer Gower Champion, who directed Merrick's production of 42nd Street. But on the morning of August 25, 1980, Champion died of a rare blood cancer, and Merrick announced the news himself to both the cast and the audience at the opening night curtain call.

Merrick suffered a stroke in 1983, after which he spent most of his time in a wheelchair. He established the David Merrick Arts Foundation in 1998 to support the development of American musicals.

Personal life

Merrick was married six times to five women.

His first marriage was to fellow native-St. Louisan Leonore Beck. They married January 16, 1938,[6] and divorced on January 11, 1963.[7]

His second wife, Jeanne Gibson, was a Kentucky-born Broadway press agent.  They met at the Savoy Hotel in London, where Gibson was working as the hotel’s press consultant.[8] She became pregnant in 1962, while Merrick was still married to Beck.[9] Their daughter, Cecilia Ann Merrick, was born January 1963.[10] Gibson and Merrick were married from spring 1963 until October 1966.[11]

He married Etan Aronson (February 24, 1944 - July 26, 2023),[12] a Swedish model and former flight attendant, twice. They first married in September 1969, and divorced in Mexico three weeks later,[13] but the divorce was not finalized in America until 1976.[14] Together, they had a daughter, Marguerita Merrick (born September 1972).[15]

On July 1, 1982, Merrick married actor Karen Prunczik,[16] who originated the role of Anytime Annie and filled in for a week playing the lead character Peggy Sawyer in Merrick’s 42nd Street. They divorced in 1983.[17]

Merrick and Aronson married for the second time on Tuesday, August 30, 1983 in Greenwich, Connecticut.[18] In the late 1980s, they adopted two children, Olivia Merrick (born May 1988) and Carl Christian Merrick (born July 1987),[19] although in 1994 Merrick petitioned the court to cancel the adoption.[20] Merrick and Aronson divorced again in October 1999, after lengthy divorce proceedings.[21]

Merrick met Natalie Lloyd (born Natalie Ting Teresa in Shanghai in 1954) in the late 1980s when she was working as a receptionist in the office of William Goodstein, Merrick’s lawyer.[22] They started living together almost immediately, while Merrick was still married to Aronson. Merrick and Lloyd married November 1999, less than six months before Merrick’s death on April 25, 2000.[23]

Honors

In 1965, Merrick received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[24]

In 2001, Merrick was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame.[25]

Biography

An unauthorized biography by Howard Kissel is titled David Merrick: The Abominable Showman (ISBN 978-1-55783-361-7).

Cultural references

In "What Does A Naked Lady Say to You?", a first-season episode of The Odd Couple, the director of the nude off-Broadway play Bathtub (itself based on Oh! Calcutta!) complains after police officer Murray Greschler (Al Molinaro) busts the production for indecency, "Murray, you wouldn't do this to me if I was David Merrick!"

In "We Closed in Minneapolis", a first-season episode of The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Mary's character comments to the mailroom guy upon seeing his delivery to Murray's desk of what she assumes to be a rejection letter, "Oh, poor Murray. He's been writing this play for three years. You'd think Broadway producers would be sensitive enough to do more than just stick mimeographed rejection slips in when they send it back. You know, something like a nice, handwritten note saying, "Good work, Murray. Nice try. Love, David Merrick."

Quotes

Awards and nominations

  • 1958 Tony Award for Best Play (Romanoff and Juliet, nominee)
  • 1958 Tony Award for Best Play (Look Back in Anger, nominee)
  • 1958 Tony Award for Best Musical (Jamaica, nominee)
  • 1959 Tony Award for Best Play (Epitaph for George Dillon, nominee)
  • 1959 Tony Award for Best Musical (La Plume de Ma Tante, nominee)
  • 1960 Tony Award for Best Musical (Take Me Along, nominee)
  • 1961 Special Tony Award (winner)
  • 1961 Tony Award for Best Play (Becket, winner)
  • 1961 Tony Award for Best Musical (Do Re Mi, nominee)
  • 1961 Tony Award for Best Musical (Irma La Douce, nominee)
  • 1962 Tony Award for Best Producer of a Play (Ross, nominee)
  • 1962 Tony Award for Best Producer of a Musical (Carnival, nominee)
  • 1962 Tony Award for Best Musical (Carnival, nominee)
  • 1963 Tony Award for Best Producer of a Musical (Oliver!, nominee)
  • 1963 Tony Award for Best Musical (Oliver!, nominee)
  • 1963 Tony Award for Best Musical (Stop the World – I Want to Get Off, nominee)
  • 1964 Tony Award for Best Producer (Musical) (Hello, Dolly!, winner)
  • 1964 Tony Award for Best Play (Luther, winner)
  • 1964 Tony Award for Best Musical (Hello, Dolly!, winner)
  • 1965 Tony Award for Best Producer of a Musical (The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd, nominee)
  • 1965 Tony Award for Best Musical (Oh, What a Lovely War!, nominee)
  • 1966 Tony Award for Best Play (Inadmissible Evidence, nominee)
  • 1966 Tony Award for Best Play (Philadelphia, Here I Come!, nominee)
  • 1966 Tony Award for Best Play (Marat/Sade, winner)
  • 1967 Tony Award for Best Musical (I Do! I Do!, nominee)
  • 1968 Special Tony Award (winner)
  • 1968 Tony Award for Best Producer of a Play (Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, winner)
  • 1968 Tony Award for Best Play (Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, winner)
  • 1968 Tony Award for Best Musical (The Happy Time, nominee)
  • 1968 Tony Award for Best Musical (How Now, Dow Jones, nominee)
  • 1969 Tony Award for Best Musical (Promises, Promises, nominee)
  • 1970 Tony Award for Best Play (Child's Play, nominee)
  • 1971 Tony Award for Best Play (The Philanthropist, nominee)
  • 1972 Tony Award for Best Play (Vivat! Vivat Regina!, nominee)
  • 1973 Tony Award for Best Musical (Sugar, nominee)
  • 1975 Tony Award for Best Musical (Mack & Mabel, nominee)
  • 1976 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revival (Very Good Eddie, nominee)
  • 1976 Tony Award for Best Play (Travesties, winner)
  • 1981 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical (42nd Street, nominee)
  • 1981 Tony Award for Best Musical (42nd Street, winner)
  • 1986 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revival (Loot, nominee)
  • 1986 Tony Award for Best Reproduction (Loot, nominee)

Additional notable stage productions

Film productions

Merrick produced four films:

References

  1. ^ "David Merrick". The Official Masterworks Broadway Site. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
  2. ^ "'Jamaica' Nears Payoff, Will Give Merrick 4-Hit B'way Grand Slam". Variety. March 19, 1958. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
  3. ^ "David Merrick, 88, Showman Who Ruled Broadway, Dies". The New York Times. April 27, 2000. Retrieved March 4, 2010. Mr. Merrick kept it alive for six months with discount tickets and a publicity stunt:
  4. ^ Museum of Hoaxes.com; "A 4-Star Smash? Says Who?", Miami News, January 6, 1962, p. 4A
  5. ^ "Merrick a Vegas Investor". Kansas City Times. May 13, 1968. p. 2. Retrieved August 18, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ Kissel, Howard (1993). David Merrick, the abominable showman : the unauthorized biography. New York. p. 47. ISBN 1-55783-172-6. OCLC 28800530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Kissel, Howard (1993). David Merrick, the abominable showman : the unauthorized biography. New York. p. 252. ISBN 1-55783-172-6. OCLC 28800530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ Kissel, Howard (1993). David Merrick, the abominable showman : the unauthorized biography. New York. p. 189. ISBN 1-55783-172-6. OCLC 28800530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ Kissel, Howard (1993). David Merrick, the abominable showman : the unauthorized biography. New York. p. 244. ISBN 1-55783-172-6. OCLC 28800530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^ Kissel, Howard (1993). David Merrick, the abominable showman : the unauthorized biography. New York. p. 251. ISBN 1-55783-172-6. OCLC 28800530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ^ "The Boston Globe 08 Oct 1968, page 2". Newspapers.com. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  12. ^ "ETAN MERRICK Obituary (2023) - New York, NY - New York Times". Legacy.com. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  13. ^ Kissel, Howard (1993). David Merrick, the abominable showman : the unauthorized biography. New York. p. 399. ISBN 1-55783-172-6. OCLC 28800530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ "Arizona Daily Sun 04 Sep 1983, page 8". Newspapers.com. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  15. ^ Kissel, Howard (1993). David Merrick, the abominable showman : the unauthorized biography. New York. p. 437. ISBN 1-55783-172-6. OCLC 28800530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  16. ^ Kissel, Howard (1993). David Merrick, the abominable showman : the unauthorized biography. New York. p. 460. ISBN 1-55783-172-6. OCLC 28800530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  17. ^ "Karen Prunczik – Broadway Cast & Staff | IBDB". www.ibdb.com. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  18. ^ "Arizona Daily Sun 04 Sep 1983, page 8". Newspapers.com. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  19. ^ Kissel, Howard (1993). David Merrick, the abominable showman : the unauthorized biography. New York. p. 482. ISBN 1-55783-172-6. OCLC 28800530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  20. ^ "Newsday (Suffolk Edition) 25 Mar 1994, page 8". Newspapers.com. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  21. ^ "Daily News 27 Oct 1999, page 32". Newspapers.com. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  22. ^ Kissel, Howard (1993). David Merrick, the abominable showman : the unauthorized biography. New York. p. 484. ISBN 1-55783-172-6. OCLC 28800530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  23. ^ "Omaha World-Herald 26 Apr 2000, page 2". Newspapers.com. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  24. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". American Academy of Achievement.
  25. ^ St. Louis Walk of Fame. "St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees". stlouiswalkoffame.org. Archived from the original on October 31, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
  26. ^ "It Is Not Enough to Succeed; One's Best Friend Must Fail". quoteinvestigator.com. August 6, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
Archives at
LocationLibrary of Congress
SourceDavid Merrick collection, 1956-1970
How to use archival material

Read other articles:

Article 5 de la Constitution de la Cinquième République française

Article 5 de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 Données clés Présentation Pays France Langue(s) officielle(s) Français Type Article de la Constitution Adoption et entrée en vigueur Législature IIIe législature de la Quatrième République française Gouvernement Charles de Gaulle (3e) Promulgation 4 octobre 1958 Publication 5 octobre 1958 Entrée en vigueur 5 octobre 1958 Article 4 Article 6 modifier L'article 5 de la Constitution de la cinquième République française fait partie du ...

 

 

Alexander Sørloth

Alexander Sørloth Sørloth bersama Rosenborg pada 2013Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Alexander Sørloth[1]Tanggal lahir 5 Desember 1995 (umur 28)[2]Tempat lahir Trondheim, NorwegiaTinggi 194 cm (6 ft 4 in)[3][4]Posisi bermain PenyerangInformasi klubKlub saat ini VillarrealKarier junior Strindheim RosenborgKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2012–2015 Rosenborg 2 46 (18)2013–2015 Rosenborg 6 (0)2015 → Bodø/Glimt (pinjaman) 26 (13)2016...

 

 

Joe Dumars

Joe Dumars Joe Dumars nel 2011 Nazionalità  Stati Uniti Altezza 191 cm Peso 86 kg Pallacanestro Ruolo GuardiaGeneral manager Termine carriera 1999 - giocatore Hall of fame Naismith Hall of Fame (2006) Carriera Giovanili Natchitoches Central High School1981-1985 McNeese Cowboys Squadre di club 1985-1999 Detroit Pistons1018 (16.401) Nazionale 1994 Stati Uniti7 Palmarès  Mondiali Oro Canada 1994 Il simbolo → indica un trasferimento in prestito.   Modifica dati ...

Ikast-Brande

Lokasi kotamadya Ikast-Brande Ikast-Brande adalah sebuah kotamadya (bahasa Denmark, kommune) di Region Midtjylland, Denmark. Luas wilayahnya 768 km² dan berpenduduk sekitar 39.893 jiwa (2008). Pada tanggal 1 Januari 2007, kotamadya Ikast-Brande diciptakan sebagai akibat Kommunalreformen (Reformasi Kotamadya 2007), terdiri atas bekas kotamadya Brande, Ikast, dan Nørre-Snede. Rujukan Statistik kotamadya: NetBorger Kommunefakta Diarsipkan 2007-08-12 di Wayback Machine., dari KMD alias Kommuned...

 

 

Gruppi Universitari Fascisti

Gruppi Universitari Fascisti Stato Italia Fondazione1920 Dissoluzione1945 SedeRoma AbbreviazioneGUF IdeologiaFascismo Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale I Gruppi Universitari Fascisti (GUF) furono l'articolazione universitaria del Partito Nazionale Fascista. Indice 1 Storia 2 Organizzazione 3 Compiti 4 I Littoriali 5 Interpretazioni 6 Iscritti noti 7 Note 8 Bibliografia 9 Voci correlate 10 Altri progetti 11 Collegamenti esterni Storia Già dal 1919 studenti universitari cominciaro...

 

 

Ernst Poertgen

Ernst Poertgen Nazionalità  Germania Calcio Ruolo Attaccante Termine carriera 1952 CarrieraGiovanili 1925-1930 TuS Helene AltenessenSquadre di club1 1930-1933 Schwarz-Weiß Essen1933 Norimberga1934-1938 Schalke 041938-1940 Bonner1941-1942 Wacker Monaco1946-1952 BonnerNazionale 1935-1937 Germania3 (5) 1 I due numeri indicano le presenze e le reti segnate, per le sole partite di campionato.Il simbolo → indica un trasferimento in prestito.   Modif...

Unione Sportiva Pro Vercelli 1975-1976

Voce principale: Football Club Pro Vercelli 1892. Unione Sportiva Pro VercelliStagione 1975-1976Sport calcio Squadra Pro Vercelli Allenatore Bruno Fornasaro Presidente Ettore Baratto Serie C3º posto nel girone A. Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Maruzzo (38) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Mazzia (7) 1974-1975 1976-1977 Si invita a seguire il modello di voce Questa voce raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti l'Unione Sportiva Pro Vercelli nelle competizioni ufficiali della stagione 1975-1976. ...

 

 

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、�...

 

 

معركة غزة 1244

معركة غزة جزء من الحروب الصليبية معركة غزة أو معركة هربيا معلومات عامة التاريخ 12جمادى الأولى 643هـ/ 17 أكتوبر 1244م البلد الأراضي الفلسطينية  الموقع بالقرب من قرية هربيا[1] شمال شرق غزة31°36′21″N 34°32′47″E / 31.60576667°N 34.54635833°E / 31.60576667; 34.54635833   النتيجة نصر ساحق لل...

2002 New York Film Critics Circle Awards

68th New York Film Critics Circle AwardsNew York Film Critics Circle AwardsDateJanuary 12, 2003 (2003-01-12)HighlightsBest FilmFar from Heaven, Spirited Away (Sen to Chihiro no kamikakushi) (animated)Best DirectionTodd HaynesFar from HeavenBest ActorDaniel Day-LewisGangs of New YorkBest ActressDiane LaneUnfaithful ← 67th New York Film Critics Circle Awards New York Film Critics Circle Awards 69th New York Film Critics Circle Awards → The 68th New York Film...

 

 

Kim Dong-wook

South Korean actor (born 1983) For other people named Kim Dong-wook, see Kim Dong-wook (disambiguation). In this Korean name, the family name is Kim. Kim Dong-wookKim in January 2019Born (1983-07-29) July 29, 1983 (age 40)Chuncheon, Gangwon, South KoreaNationalitySouth KoreanEducationKorea National University of Arts – School of Drama[1]OccupationActorYears active2004–presentAgentKeyEast[2]Height175 cm (5 ft 9 in)Spouse Stella Kim ​(m...

 

 

Caronte (astronomia)

Caronte(134340 Pluto I)Caronte ripreso dalla fotocamera LORRI (Long Range Reconnaissance Imager) della sonda New Horizons (14 luglio 2015) diPlutone Scoperta22 giugno 1978 ScopritoreJames Christy Parametri orbitali(all'epoca J2000.0) Semiasse maggiore19571±4 km Periodo orbitale6,387230 giorni(6g 9h 17' 36) Inclinazionesull'eclittica112,78°±0,02° Inclinazione rispettoall'equat. di Plutone0,000°±0,014° Inclinazione rispettoall'orbita di Plutone119,59°±0,02° Eccentricità0,00...

西遊記大結局之仙履奇緣

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要編修，以確保文法、用詞、语气、格式、標點等使用恰当。 (2013年8月6日)請按照校對指引，幫助编辑這個條目。（幫助、討論） 此條目剧情、虛構用語或人物介紹过长过细，需清理无关故事主轴的细节、用語和角色介紹。 (2020年10月6日)劇情、用語和人物介紹都只是用於了解故事主軸，輔助�...

 

 

انحدار لوجستي

انحدار لوجستيمعلومات عامةالطبيعة type of statistical model (en) فرع من regression model (en) — النموذج الخطي المعمم — نموذج تمييزي المخترع جوزيف بيركسون جانب من علم البيانات[1] تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات الانحدار اللوجستي[2] (بالإنجليزية Logistic regression) هو نموذج إحصائي ينتمي لنما...

 

 

Raymond McKee

Raymond McKeeMotion Picture Magazine, 1915LahirEldon Raymond McKee(1892-12-07)7 Desember 1892Keokuk, Iowa, Amerika SerikatMeninggal3 Oktober 1984(1984-10-03) (umur 91)Long Beach, California, Amerika SerikatNama lainRoy McKeePekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1912–1935Suami/istriMarguerite Courtot ​(m. 1923)​ Eldon Raymond McKee (7 Desember 1892 – 3 Oktober 1984), juga disebut sebagai Roy McKee, adalah seorang pemeran panggung dan layar le...

Вюртемберг

Историческое государствоВюртембергнем. Württemberg Флаг королевства Вюртемберг Герб королевства Вюртемберг Вюртемберг в составе Германской империи (1871—1918) ←   → → XI в. — 1945 Столица Штутгарт Язык(и) немецкий (швабский диалект) Население 2 437 574 чел. (1910) Фо...

 

 

1968 United States Senate election in Maryland

Election for U.S. senator from Maryland Main article: 1968 United States Senate elections 1968 United States Senate election in Maryland ← 1962 November 5, 1968 1974 →   Nominee Charles Mathias Daniel Brewster George P. Mahoney Party Republican Democratic American Independent Popular vote 541,893 443,667 148,467 Percentage 47.79% 39.12% 13.09% County resultsMathias:      30–40%      40–50%    ...

 

 

List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom

(We're Gonna) Rock Around the Clock by Bill Haley & His Comets was the first single to sell 1 million copies in the UK. The definition of a million-selling single, as regarded by the Official Charts Company (OCC), has changed in line with new technology for music consumption. Originally only physical record sales were counted since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952. Digital downloads of a track were included from 2004 onwards and from 2014 onwards BPI-certified awards (S...

2011 Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics

International athletics championship event23rd Central American and Caribbean ChampionshipsDates15–17 JulyHost cityMayagüez  , Puerto Rico VenueEstadio Centroamericano de MayagüezLevelSeniorEvents46Participation449 athletes from 35 nations← 2009 Havana 2013 Morelia → The 2011 Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics were held in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.[1] The event served as classifiers for the 2011 World Championships in Athletics and took place ...

 

 

إيسن

إيسن مدينة-دولة في جنوب العراق اليوم في محافظة القادسية.[1][2][3] بقاياها تقع اليوم نحو 200 كيلومتر جنوب شرق بغداد ونحو 35 كيلومتر جنوب غرب نيبور. ذكرت في كتابات مسمارية من الألفية الثالثة قبل الميلاد. وأثرت حضارتها مع بدأ الألفية الثانية قبل الميلاد على تاريخ بلاد ب�...