Common rosefinch

Common rosefinch
	Male in Russia
	Female at Baur reservoir in Uttarakhand, India
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Fringillidae
Subfamily:	Carduelinae
Genus:	Carpodacus
Species:	C. erythrinus
Binomial name
	Carpodacus erythrinus; (Pallas, 1770)
	Range of C. erythrinus Breeding Non-breeding
Synonyms
	Erythrina erythrina

The common rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) or scarlet rosefinch is the most widespread and common rosefinch of Asia and Europe.

Taxonomy

In a molecular phylogenetic study of the finch family published in 2012, Zuccon and colleagues found that the common rosefinch fell outside the core Carpodacus rosefinch clade and was a sister to the scarlet finch (at the time Haematospiza sipahi). They recommended that the common rosefinch should be moved to a new monotypic genus with the resurrected name of Erythrina.^[2] The British Ornithologists' Union accepted this proposal,^[3] but the International Ornithological Union chose instead to adopt a more inclusive Carpodacus that retained the common rosefinch in the rosefinch genus.^[4]

The genus name is from Ancient Greek karpos, "fruit" and dakno, "to bite", and the specific erythrinus is from Latin erythros, "red".^[5]

Description

Song of common rosefinch

The common rosefinch is 13–15 cm (5.1–5.9 in) in length.^[6] It has a stout and conical bill. The mature male has brilliant rosy-carmine head, breast and rump; heavy bill; dark brown wings with two indistinct bars, and a white belly. Females and young males are dull-colored with yellowish-brown above, brighter on the rump and greyer on head; buff below.

Adults moult in their winter quarters, between September and November. After moulting the red of male is subdued, and becomes brighter during the winter due to wear of the feathers.^[7]

A rare form exists, in which the red colouring of males is replaced by yellow. The cause is environmental, rather than genetic, being affected by diet and the presence of parasites.^[8]

Distribution and habitat

It has spread westward through Europe; in recent decades, it has been observed in Portugal,^[9] even breeding in England once. Common rosefinches breed from the Danube valley, Sweden, and Siberia to the Bering Sea; the Caucasus, northern Iran and Afghanistan, the western Himalayas, Tibet and China; to Japan between latitudes 25° and 68°. In winter they are found from southern Iran to south-east China, India, Burma, and Indochina. It occurs as a vagrant in Sri Lanka.

They are found in summer in thickets, woodland and forest edges near rivers and in winter in gardens and orchards, wetlands and locally in dry oak woods.^{[citation needed]}

Behaviour

Footage of several males

The nest is placed low in a bush. The eggs are dark blue with coarse dark brown spots, and a typical clutch contains five eggs.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ BirdLife International (2017). "Carpodacus erythrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22720556A111130806. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22720556A111130806.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^ Zuccon, Dario; Prŷs-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2): 581–596. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID 22023825.
^ Sangster, George; Collinson, J. Martin; Crochet, Pierre-André; Knox, Alan G.; Parkin, David T.; Votier, Stephen C. (2013). "Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: ninth report". Ibis. 155 (4): 898–907. doi:10.1111/ibi.12091.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias". World Bird List Version 5.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp. 92, 149. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Clement, P.; Christie, D.A. (2014). "Common Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, Sargatal; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. doi:10.2173/bow.comros.01. S2CID 226003706. Retrieved 12 July 2015.(subscription required)
^ RSPB Hansbook of British Birds (2014). UK ISBN 978-1-4729-0647-2
^ Harrop, Andrew H. J. (December 2023). "Yellow Common Rosefinches". British Birds. 116 (12): 732–734.
^ "Pintarroxo-vermelho: Carpodacus erythrinus". avesdeportugal.info. Retrieved 13 November 2020.