In Spain, churros can either be thin (and sometimes knotted) or long and thick, where they are known as porras, jeringos, or tejeringos[1][2] in some regions. They are normally eaten for breakfast dipped in coffee, or in hot chocolate for an afternoon snack. There are also two slightly different snacks in Portugal, called porra and fartura, which are filled with jelly instead of the doce de leite traditional to Brazilian churros.[3]
History
The origin of churros is unclear. But according to food historian Michael Krondl, "today's churro is not that different from a recipe for a flour and water fritter that you find in Apicius, a Roman cookbook dating from the 1st century AD. And there are recipes from the Ancient Greeks, but it's probably even older than that. In the Mediterranean basin it's basically been around forever".[4]
But there are also other theories: one of them is that the churro was made by Spanish shepherds to substitute for fresh baked goods. Churro paste was easy to make and fry in an open fire in the mountains, where shepherds spend most of their time,[5][6] but the nomadic lifestyle of the shepherds and the large quantities of oil or fat needed to fry churros make that unlikely.[2]
Another theory, discredited as a hoax[2] suggests the concept was brought to Europe from China by the Portuguese.[7] The Portuguese sailed for the Orient; as they returned from Ming-dynasty China to Portugal, they brought along with them new culinary techniques.[when?] One included altering dough for youtiao, also known as yóuzháguǐ in southern China, which bears a resemblance to the churro.[citation needed] The new pastry was soon introduced to Spain, where it was modified to have the dough extruded through a star-shaped nozzle (compare a piping bag) rather than pulled.[8]
Churros are fried until they become crunchy, and may be sprinkled with sugar. The surface of a churro is ridged due to having been piped from a churrera, a syringe-like tool with a star-shaped nozzle. Churros are generally prisms in shape, and may be straight, curled or spirally twisted.
Like pretzels, churros are sold by street vendors, who may fry them freshly on the street stand and sell them hot. In Spain and much of Latin America, churros are available in cafes for breakfast, although they may be eaten throughout the day as a snack. Specialized churrerías, in the form of a shop or a trailer, can be found during the holiday period. In addition, countries like Colombia, Peru, Spain and Venezuela have churrerías throughout their streets. In Portugal, they are commonly eaten at carnivals, fairs and other celebrations, where they are made freshly at street stands.
The dough is a mixture of flour, water and salt. Some versions are made of potato dough. Depending on the recipe, it may not be vegan, as they can contain butter, milk or eggs.
Variations
Churros drizzled with chocolate
"Tejeringos" or "Calentitos", an Andalusian variation of the churro
In Seville (Andalusia), the name "calientes" (meaning hot) or "calentitos de rueda" is sometimes used instead of the word churro. These tend to refer to the thicker variant, called porra. Calientes are usually fried in the shape of a continuous spiral and cut into portions afterwards. The center of the spiral is thicker and softer, and for many a delicacy in itself. The standard "churro" is also sold under the name "calentitos de papas", the name referring to the softer mashed potato-like texture.[10][11][12]
In parts of eastern Andalusia, a much thinner dough is used, which does not allow for the typical ridges to be formed on the surface of the churro. The final result therefore has a smooth surface, and is more pliable and of a slightly thinner diameter than standard Spanish churros. Another difference is that sugar is never sprinkled on them, because the flavour is not considered suitable.
In Colombia and Venezuela, churros are round like doughnuts sprinkled with sugar and filled with bocadillo (membrillo or guava paste), arequipe and sweetened condensed milk. In Spain, a considerably wider diameter is used to accommodate the filling. In Uruguay, churros can also come in a savoury version, filled with melted cheese.
In the Philippines, churros are typically straight, or bent into U-shapes or circular shapes dusted with white sugar and are popular during Christmas.[13][14][15]
In Thailand, churros are commonly known as Patonggo Spain (Thai: ปาท่องโก๋สเปน, "Spanish deep-fried dough stick"), according to the type of fried dough that Thais are familiar with, namely Youtiao or Patonggo in vernacular.[16]
Churros in American theme parks and street fairs are most often rolled in cinnamon sugar or other flavored sugars.
Similar dishes
In the Middle East, a churro-like fried dough-based sweet is known as Karabeej Halab.[17]
Youtiao, a traditional Chinese fried dough with a long history. It is well known in Thailand as Patonggo.[16][18]
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