Castor Bay

Castor Bay
Suburb
Castor Bay beach
Castor Bay beach
Map
Coordinates: 36°45′43″S 174°45′58″E / 36.762°S 174.766°E / -36.762; 174.766
CountryNew Zealand
CityAuckland
Local authorityAuckland Council
Electoral wardNorth Shore ward
Local boardDevonport-Takapuna Local Board
Area
[1]
 • Land144 ha (356 acres)
Population
 (June 2024)[2]
 • Total
4,650
Postcode(s)
0620[3]
Sunnynook Campbells Bay (Hauraki Gulf)
Forrest Hill
Castor Bay
 (Hauraki Gulf)
Forrest Hill Milford (Hauraki Gulf)

Castor Bay is a bay and suburb of the North Shore, located in Auckland which is in the North Island of New Zealand. Located between Milford and Campbells Bay, it is part of the East Coast Bays. To the east lies the islands of Rangitoto and Motutapu, which are easily visible from land. The suburb is in the North Shore ward, one of the thirteen administrative divisions of Auckland Council.

The bay itself is quite small and is well sheltered by an artificial breakwater that extends from the northern edge of the bay, running towards the south. A small bark and grass area with several large pōhutukawa trees offering shelter complements the beachfront and an extended coastline stretches out to the north towards Campbells Bay.

Geography

Castor Bay beach

Castor Bay is located on the east coast of the North Shore, between Campbells Bay and Milford.[4] The bay to the east shares the same name as the suburb, and looks out towards Rangitoto.[5] The point to the east of Castor Bay is called Rahopara Point,[6] and the river at the southern border of the suburb is called Wairau Creek.[7]

The land is primarily formed from clay and Waitemata sandstone, which can be seen in the cliffs along the coast.[8] Prior to human settlement, the inland Castor Bay area was primarily a northern broadleaf podocarp forest, dominated by kauri, tōtara, mataī, miro, kauri and kahikatea trees. Pōhutukawa trees were a major feature of the coastline.[9][10]

History

Māori history

Castor Bay in 1916. Rahopara Point headland was used as a defensive pā by Te Kawerau ā Maki

Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries.[11][12] The North Shore was settled by Tāmaki Māori, including people descended from the Tainui migratory canoe and ancestors of figures such as Taikehu and Peretū.[13] Many of the Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as Ngā Oho.[14] While the poor soils in the area hindered dense settlement,[8] traditional resources in the area included fish, shellfish and marine birds.[15]

The warrior Maki migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region, likely sometime in the 17th century. Maki conquered and unified many the Tāmaki Māori tribes as Te Kawerau ā Maki, including those of the North Shore.[16][17] After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū. His younger son Maraeariki settled the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast, who based himself at the head of the Ōrewa River. Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore, Te Whenua Roa o Kahu ("The Greater Lands of Kahu").[18][19] Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including Ngāti Manuhiri, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and Ngāti Whātua, can trace their lineage to Kahu.[19][20]

The northern headland of Castor Bay is the site of an old Māori pā, Rahopara, also known as Te Rahopara o Peretū.[21] Archaeological studies have dated an earth oven at the site to between the mid-15th and mid-16th centuries,[22] and generations of Tāmaki Māori adapted the defenses of the pā over time.[21] The name of the pā is associated with Peretū,[21] an ancestor of the Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki people,[23] and the pā was known as a defensive stronghold of Te Kawerau ā Maki.[24] Traditional histories recount Te Patukirikiri ancestor Kapetaua sacking the pā in the 17th century, as revenge for being marooned at Te Toka-o-Kapetaua (Bean Rock).[21][25] A second pā known as Wairoa Pā was located further south, at the headland overlooking the mouth of the Wairau Creek.[26]

By the 18th century, the Marutūāhu iwi Ngāti Paoa had expanded their influence to include the islands of the Hauraki Gulf and the North Shore.[27] After periods of conflict, peace had been reached by the 1790s.[28] The earliest contact with Europeans began in the late 18th century, which caused many Tāmaki Māori to die of rewharewha, respiratory diseases.[29] During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the Waikato or Northland due to the threat of war parties during the Musket Wars. Most people had returned by the late 1820s and 1830s.[12][27][30]

European settlement

A World War II gun emplacement at J F Kennedy Memorial Park
New suburban shops in Castor Bay in the 1960s

In 1841, the Crown purchased the Mahurangi and Omaha blocks; an area that spanned from Takapuna to Te Ārai. The purchase involved some iwi with customary interests in the area, such as Ngāti Paoa, other Marutūāhu iwi and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, but not others, such as Te Kawerau ā Maki or Ngāti Rango.[31][32][20][33] The Crown spent until 1873 rectifying this sale, by making further deals with stakeholders.[32][33]

Castor Bay was originally known as Castor Oil Bay, after an early settler planted castor bean trees on the hillsides of the area.[34][35] The name Castor Bay started to be used from the 1910s, and from the mid-1910s the area was subdivided by the Castor Oil Bay Land Company.[36] By the early 20th century, the bay had become a popular destination for daytrippers and holiday makers, and holiday baches were constructed here.[37][34] In the 1920s, the bay became a popular with New Zealand literary figures, after resident Jane Stronach made her bach available to people including poet D'Arcy Cresswell, novelist Jane Mander and poet R. A. K. Mason.[34]

During World War II, the Castor Bay Battery and Camp was built during World War II, to protect the Rangitoto Channel.[21] The site was originally purchased by the Army in 1934,[38] and the military buildings were disguised as a state housing project.[34] The site was decommissioned in 1957, and given to the Takapuna City Council in 1966, becoming the JF Kennedy Memorial Park.[38]

After the construction of the Auckland Harbour Bridge in 1959, the area developed further, and the first convenience stores opened in Castor Bay.[34] The Rahopara pā archaeological site was almost destroyed in 1965, as the earthworks were planned to be excavated and used as fill for a marina. Plans for this were cancelled after lobbying by archaeologists and local residents.[21]

Demographics

Castor Bay covers 1.44 km2 (0.56 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 4,650 as of June 2024,[2] with a population density of 3,229 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20064,116—    
20134,305+0.64%
20184,509+0.93%
20234,548+0.17%
Source: [39][40]

Castor Bay had a population of 4,548 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 39 people (0.9%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 243 people (5.6%) since the 2013 census. There were 2,232 males, 2,310 females and 9 people of other genders in 1,629 dwellings.[41] 2.5% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 43.1 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 786 people (17.3%) aged under 15 years, 798 (17.5%) aged 15 to 29, 2,175 (47.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 789 (17.3%) aged 65 or older.[40]

People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 71.9% European (Pākehā); 4.9% Māori; 1.6% Pasifika; 24.5% Asian; 2.7% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 3.4% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 94.3%, Māori language by 0.7%, Samoan by 0.2%, and other languages by 27.2%. No language could be spoken by 1.4% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.3%. The percentage of people born overseas was 42.3, compared with 28.8% nationally.

Religious affiliations were 30.1% Christian, 0.7% Hindu, 1.0% Islam, 0.2% Māori religious beliefs, 1.4% Buddhist, 0.3% New Age, 0.2% Jewish, and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 60.2%, and 4.9% of people did not answer the census question.

Of those at least 15 years old, 1,650 (43.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 1,524 (40.5%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 585 (15.6%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $55,500, compared with $41,500 nationally. 1,029 people (27.4%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,968 (52.3%) people were employed full-time, 540 (14.4%) were part-time, and 69 (1.8%) were unemployed.[40]

Individual statistical areas
Name Area
(km2)		 Population Density
(per km2)		 Dwellings Median age Median
income
Castor Bay North 0.89 2,457 2,761 879 43.9 years $55,300[42]
Castor Bay South 0.56 2,094 3,739 747 41.8 years $55,900[43]
New Zealand 38.1 years $41,500

Education

The local primary school is Campbells Bay Primary School located on Aberdeen Road, nearby the Pupuke Golf Course. It has a roll of 852 as of November 2024.[44][45] The school opened in 1925.[46]

Local government

From 1876 until 1954, the area was administered by the Waitemata County, a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland.[47] In 1954, Castor Bay was added to the Borough of Takapuna,[48] which became Takapuna City in 1961.[34] In 1989, the city was merged into the North Shore City.[49] North Shore City was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010.[50]

Within the Auckland Council, Castor Bay is a part of the Devonport-Takapuna local government area governed by the Devonport-Takapuna Local Board. It is a part of the North Shore ward, which elects two councillors to the Auckland Council.

Notable people

  • Sam Hunt, one of New Zealand's most well known poets, was born in Castor Bay.[34]
  • Robin Hyde, South African-born New Zealand poet.[51]

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Stats NZ Geographic Data Service". Statistical Area 3 2023 (generalised). Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  2. ^ a b "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  3. ^ "Search Result - auckland castor bay Auckland - Page 1 - New Zealand Postcode".
  4. ^ "Castor Bay". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Castor Bay". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  6. ^ "Rahopara Point". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  7. ^ "Wairau Creek". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  8. ^ a b Heritage Consultancy Services (1 July 2011). North Shore Heritage - Thematic Review Report Volume 1 (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council. ISBN 978-1-927169-21-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  9. ^ Veart, Dave (2018). The Māori Archaeology of Te Raki Paewhenua/North Shore (Report). Auckland North Community and Development. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-9941358-4-1.
  10. ^ Willis 2018, pp. 2.
  11. ^ Pishief, Elizabeth; Shirley, Brendan (August 2015). "Waikōwhai Coast Heritage Study" (PDF). Auckland Council. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  12. ^ Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki (April 2016). Cultural Values Assessment Report to New Zealand Transport Agency for Northern Corridor Improvements Project (NCI) (PDF) (Report). NZ Transport Agency. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  13. ^ Mossman, Sarah (August 2018). Cultural Values Assessment for America's Cup 36 - Wynyard and Hobson Planning Application (PDF). Te Kawerau Iwi Tribunal Authority (Report). Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  14. ^ McKenzie, Fiona (June 2016). Cultural Impact Assessment for the NZ Transport Agency's Northern Corridor Improvements (PDF). Manuhiri Kaitiaki Charitable Trust (Report). NZ Transport Agency. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  15. ^ "Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area" (PDF). Auckland Council. December 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  16. ^ Murdoch, Graeme (1990). "Nga Tohu o Waitakere: the Maori Place Names of the Waitakere River Valley and its Environs; their Background History and an Explanation of their Meaning". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.). West Auckland Remembers, Volume 1. West Auckland Historical Society. p. 13-14. ISBN 0-473-00983-8.
  17. ^ Ngāti Manuhiri; The Crown (21 May 2011). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  18. ^ a b Whaanga, Mel (March 2022). "He taonga o te rohe". Restore Hibiscus & Bays. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  19. ^ a b Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and the Trustees of the Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki Trust and the Crown (7 November 2015). "Deed of settlement schedule documents" (PDF). NZ Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  20. ^ a b c d e f Cameron, Ewen; Hayward, Bruce; Murdoch, Graeme (2008). A Field Guide to Auckland: Exploring the Region's Natural and Historical Heritage (rev. ed.). Random House New Zealand. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-86962-1513.
  21. ^ Bulmer, Susan (March 1994). Sources for the Archaeology of the Maaori Settlement of the Taamaki Volcanic District (PDF) (Report). Wellington: Department of Conservation. p. 56. ISBN 0-478-01552-6.
  22. ^ "About Rangitoto Island". Te Haerenga. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  23. ^ Lutz, Heike; Chan, Theresa (2011). North Shore heritage – North Shore area studies and scheduled items list: volume 2 parts 6+ (PDF). Heritage Consultancy Services (Report). Auckland Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  24. ^ Royal, Te Ahukaramū Charles (3 March 2017). "Hauraki tribes - The first tribes". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  25. ^ Schedule 14.1 Schedule of Historic Heritage (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  26. ^ a b New Zealand Government; Ngāti Paoa (20 March 2021). "Ngāti Pāoa and the Trustees of the Ngāti Pāoa Iwi Trust and The Crown Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  27. ^ "Wenderholm Regional Park: Our History" (PDF). Auckland Council. 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  28. ^ McKenzie, Fiona (May 2017). "Cultural Values Assessment for the Warkworth North Structure Plan and Associated Development" (PDF). Manuhiri Kaitiaki Charitable Trust. Auckland Council. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  29. ^ Ngāti Manuhiri; The Crown (21 May 2011). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  30. ^ Rigby, Barry (August 1998). The Crown, Maori and Mahurangi 1840-1881 (PDF) (Report). Waitangi Tribunal. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  31. ^ a b Stone 2001, pp. 188.
  32. ^ a b Te Kawerau ā Maki; The Trustees of Te Kawerau Iwi Settlement Trust; The Crown (22 February 2014). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claim" (PDF). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g Heritage Consultancy Services (1 July 2011). North Shore Heritage, Volume 2: North Shore Area Studied & Scheduled Items List (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council. ISBN 978-1-927169-23-0. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  34. ^ Verran, David 2010, pp. 37.
  35. ^ Verran, David (December 2017). "Early Castor Bay, to the 1950s". Channel Magazine. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  36. ^ Verran, David 2010, pp. 111.
  37. ^ a b Verran, David 2010, pp. 104.
  38. ^ "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Castor Bay (123700). 2018 Census place summary: Castor Bay
  39. ^ a b c "Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Castor Bay (50820). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  40. ^ "Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  41. ^ "Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer. Castor Bay North. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  42. ^ "Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer. Castor Bay South. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  43. ^ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  44. ^ Education Counts: Campbells Bay School
  45. ^ "Jubilees & reunions - Campbells Bay School". Education Gazette New Zealand. 78 (11). 5 July 1999.
  46. ^ Reidy, Jade (2009). "How the West Was Run". In Macdonald, Finlay; Kerr, Ruth (eds.). West: The History of Waitakere. Random House. pp. 238–239. ISBN 9781869790080.
  47. ^ Verran, David 2010, pp. 253.
  48. ^ Mace, Tania (October 2006). "Browns Bay Heritage Walk" (PDF). North Shore City Council. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  49. ^ Blakeley, Roger (2015). "The planning framework for Auckland 'super city': an insider's view". Policy Quarterly. 11 (4). doi:10.26686/pq.v11i4.4572. ISSN 2324-1101.
  50. ^ Verran, David 2010, pp. 266.


Bibliography

Read other articles:

Pembakaran salib

Para anggota Ku Klux Klan membakar salib pada 2005 Pembakaran salib atau penyalaan salib adalah sebuah praktik yang banyak dikaitkan dengan Ku Klux Klan, meskipun praktiknya dalam sejarah telah ada sejak lama sebelum pembentukan Klan–seperti Petrus dari Bruys (1117–1131). Pada awal abad ke-20, Klan membakar salib-salib di sisi bukit atau dekat rumah orang yang mereka harap terintimidasi. Lambang Ku Klux Klan Salib-salib dibakar pada pemboikotan bus Tallahassee tahun 1956.[1] Refer...

 

The Quarterback (Glee)

3rd episode of the 5th season of Glee The QuarterbackGlee episodePast and current New Directions members commemorate the late Finn Hudson.Episode no.Season 5Episode 3Directed byBrad FalchukWritten byRyan MurphyBrad FalchukIan BrennanFeatured music Seasons of Love I'll Stand by You Fire and Rain If I Die Young No Surrender Make You Feel My Love Production code5ARC03Original air dateOctober 10, 2013 (2013-10-10)Guest appearances Amber Riley as Mercedes Jones Mark Salling as...

 

Circus (lagu)

CircusSingel oleh Britney Spearsdari album CircusDirilis02 Desember 2008 (2008-12-02)Direkam2008GenreElectropopdance-popDurasi3:12LabelJivePenciptaLukasz GottwaldClaude KellyBenjamin LevinProduserDr. LukeBenny BlancoKronologi singel Britney Spears Womanizer (2008) Circus (2008) If U Seek Amy (2009) Video musikCircus di YouTube Circus adalah lagu oleh penyanyi asal Amerika Serikat, Britney Spears. Lagu ini dirilis pada 2 Desember 2008 melalui Jive Records sebagai single kedua dari album s...

The Untold Legend of the Batman

This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (August 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Untold Legend of the BatmanCover of the paperback edition, art by José García-López and Dick Giordano.Publication informationPublisherDC ComicsScheduleMonthlyFormatLimited seriesPublication dateJuly – September 1980No. of issues3Main character(s)BatmanRobinCreative tea...

 

Dolce & Gabbana

Dolce & GabbanaJenisPerusahaan pribadiIndustriFashionDidirikan1985KantorpusatMilan, ItaliaProdukPakaian, alas kaki, tas.Situs webhttp://www.dolcegabbana.com/ Dolce & Gabbana merupakan sebuah rumah mode bermarkas di Milan, Italia yang menghasilkan berbagai macam produk fashion. Didirikan pada tahun 1985 oleh Domenico Dolce dan Stefano Gabbana, produk-produk dari rumah mode ini pernah dikenakan berbagai artis terkenal seperti Madonna, Gisele Bündchen, Monica Bellucci, Anggun C. Sasmi, ...

 

Церера (мифология)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Церера (значения). Церера Статуя Цереры Мифология древнеримская мифология Сфера влияния сельское хозяйство, зерно, фертильность и материнство[d] Латинское написание Ceres Пол женский Отец Сатурн Мать Опа Дети Л...

Trent Alexander-Arnold

Trent Alexander-Arnold Alexander-Arnold saat parade kemenangan Liverpool di Liga Champions UEFA 2018–19Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Trent John Alexander-Arnold[1]Tanggal lahir 17 Oktober 1998 (umur 25)[2]Tempat lahir Liverpool, InggrisTinggi 5 kaki 9 inci (1,75 m)[3]Posisi bermain Bek kananInformasi klubKlub saat ini LiverpoolNomor 66Karier junior2004–2016 LiverpoolKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2016– Liverpool 198 (12)Tim nasional‡20...

 

Чайки

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Чайки (значения). Чайки Доминиканская чайкаЗападная чайкаКалифорнийская чайкаМорская чайка Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:Вторич...

 

Arutani–Sape languages

Proposed language family Arutane–SapeKalianan(defunct?)GeographicdistributionBrazil–Venezuela borderLinguistic classificationProposed language familySubdivisions Arutani Sape ? Máku GlottologNoneDocumented location of Arutani–Sapé languages, the two most southern spots are Arutani villages, the northern one is Sapé location. Arutani–Sape, also known as Awake–Kaliana or Kalianan, is a proposed language family[1] that includes two of the most poorly documented languages in ...

غزال طومسون

اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف غزال طومسون ذكر غزال طومسون في متنزه سيرينغيتي الوطني حالة الحفظ أنواع قريبة من خطر الانقراض المرتبة التصنيفية نوع[1]  التصنيف العلمي المملكة: حيوانات الشعبة: حبليات الطائفة: ثدييات الرتبة: شفعيات الأصابع الفصيلة: بقريات الج�...

 

Ayodhia Kalake

Ayodhia Kalake Penjabat Gubernur Nusa Tenggara TimurPetahanaMulai menjabat 5 September 2023PresidenJoko WidodoPendahuluViktor LaiskodatPenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahirAyodhia Gehak Lakunamang Kalake18 November 1966 (umur 57)Jakarta, IndonesiaKebangsaanIndonesiaAlma materUniversitas PadjajaranUniversitas Complutense MadridPekerjaanPNS, BirokratSunting kotak info • L • B Ayodhia Gehak Lakunamang Kalake, S.H., M.D.C. (lahir 18 November 1966)[1] adalah birok...

 

Clara Schumann

German pianist and composer (1819–1896) Clara SchumannLithograph by Andreas Staub, 1839BornClara Josephine Wieck(1819-09-13)13 September 1819Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony, German ConfederationDied20 May 1896(1896-05-20) (aged 76)Frankfurt, German EmpireOccupations Pianist Composer Piano teacher OrganizationDr. Hoch's KonservatoriumSpouse Robert Schumann ​ ​(m. 1840; died 1856)​Children8, including EugenieParentsFriedrich Wieck (father)Marian...

برنامج سيرفيور

برنامج سيرفيورمعلومات عامةالبلد الولايات المتحدة المنظم    ناسا الهدف الهبوط على القمر موقع الإطلاق Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 36 (en) تاريخ البرنامجالبداية 1966 النهاية 1968 الرحلاتأول رحلة 30 مايو 1966 (سيرفيور 1) آخر رحلة 7 يناير 1968 (Surveyor 7 (en) ) النجاحات 5 الإخفاقات 2 الرحلات  القائمة ......

 

Climate change in Arkansas

Climate change in Arkansas, United States Arkansas River flooding, North Little Rock, May 2019 In contrast to other parts of the United States, Arkansas has not seen a significant increase in temperature over the last 50–100 years. In fact, some parts of the state have cooled. However, the state does receive more annual rainfall and more frequent downpours than other states. Over the next few decades, Arkansas is expected to warm, experiencing an increased severity of flooding and droughts....

 

Walnut Park Historic District

Historic district in New York, United States United States historic placeWalnut Park Historic DistrictU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesU.S. Historic district Walnut Park, looking northwest toward Walnut PlaceShow map of New YorkShow map of the United StatesLocationWalnut Pl. and Walnut Ave., Syracuse, New YorkCoordinates43°2′32″N 76°7′57″W / 43.04222°N 76.13250°W / 43.04222; -76.13250ArchitectMultipleArchitectural styleColonial Revival, Late 19...

Acadia

Colony of New France in northeastern North America This article is about the land in North America. For other uses, see Acadia (disambiguation). PersonAcadien / AcadiennePeopleAcadiansLanguageAcadienCountryAcadia Colony of AcadiaAcadieDivision of New France1604–1713 Flag adopted in 1884Acadia Extension in 1754.Approximate map of the most commonly accepted definition of AcadiaCapitalUndetermined; Port-Royal (de facto)DemonymAcadianHistory • Established 1604• British conque...

 

العلاقات الصومالية الموريتانية

العلاقات الصومالية الموريتانية الصومال موريتانيا   الصومال   موريتانيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الصومالية الموريتانية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين الصومال وموريتانيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدو�...

 

Albert Snouck Hurgronje

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori olandesi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Albert Snouck HurgronjeNazionalità Paesi Bassi Calcio RuoloAttaccante CarrieraSquadre di club1 1924-1925 HVV? (?) Nazionale 1924-1925 Paesi Bassi6 (1) 1 I due numeri indicano le presenze e le reti segnate, per le sole partite di campionato.Il simbolo → indica un trasferimento in prestito.   ...

Well Meadow Street Crucible Furnace

The owner's house, number 35 Frontage of the Works Entry to the courtyard: Joel's Yard Crucible furnace under Number 51 Crucible furnaces in vaulted cellar 35 Well Meadow Street is the site of a house, attached workshops, courtyard complex and a crucible furnace. It is located in the St Vincent's Quarter of the City of Sheffield in England, it is also part of the Well Meadow Conservation Area.[1] The buildings and furnace are grade II* listed buildings because of their importance as ...

 

Logical form (linguistics)

Variant of a linguistic expression This article is about the concept in generative grammar. For the wider concept, see logical form. Part of a series onLinguistics OutlineHistoryIndex General linguistics Diachronic Lexicography Morphology Phonology Pragmatics Semantics Syntax Syntax–semantics interface Typology Applied linguistics Acquisition Anthropological Applied Computational Conversation analysis Corpus linguistics Discourse analysis Distance Documentation Ethnography of communication ...