Waiake is one of the northernmost suburbs of the North Shore, in Auckland, New Zealand. It is located in the East Coast Bays between the suburbs of Browns Bay to the south and Torbay to the north. It has a beach (named Waiake Beach), which looks out to the Tor, a presque-isle at the north end of the beach that becomes an island at high tide. Waiake is under the local governance of the Auckland Council.
Geography
A biology trip to the Waitemata Group sandstone cliffs south of Waiake Beach
Waiake is a suburb of North Shore in Auckland, New Zealand, adjacent to Waiake Beach. It is in the East Coast Bays area, surrounded by Torbay, New Zealand to the north and west, and Browns Bay to the south.[4][5] Deep Creek is a stream along the border between Torbay and Waiake that flows eastwards into Waiake Beach.[6]
The bay to the east of the suburb is called Torbay,[7] which has a small coastal stack presque-isle known as the Tor.[8][9] The south-eastern headland of the suburb is called Tipau Point.[10]
The land at Torbay is primarily made up of Waitemata Group sandstone, which formed during the Miocene approximately 16 to 22 million years ago on the seafloor. Gradually, the seafloor was uplifted due to tectonic forces.[9] Prior to human settlement, pōhutukawa trees were a major feature of Waiake.[11]
History
Tipau Point between Waiake and Browns Bay was the location of Ōmangaia, a defensive headland pā in the 18th century
Māori history
Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries.[12][13] The North Shore was settled by Tāmaki Māori, including people descended from the Tainui migratory canoe and ancestors of figures such as Taikehu and Peretū.[14] During his arrival in New Zealand, Hoturoa, captain of the Tainui, guided the waka to the Waiake Lagoon (Deep Creek), which was a safe anchorage for the canoe.[15]
Many of the early Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as Ngā Oho.[16] While the poor soils of the upper North Shore hindered dense settlement,[17] traditional resources in the area included fish, shellfish and marine birds.[18] The headland near the Tor to the east of Waiake is a known pā site.[19]
The traditional name for the wider Torbay area is Waiake, meaning "Eternal Spring",[9][20] referring to a pool upstream of Deep Creek known as a good location to catch kahawai.[4] An alternative explanation of the name is that the name means "Waters of Akeake", referring to Dodonaea viscosa (akeake / broadleaf hopbush).[15] The mouth of Deep Creek is a kāinga site. Stone adzes have been found at the river mouth, and remains of waka and paddles have been found in Deep Creek.[15][9] Lonely Track Road was an overland ara (pathway), linking the Lucas Creek in the north-western Waitematā Harbour to the streams of the east coast, such as the Awaruku Creek.[9]
The warrior Maki migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region, likely sometime in the 17th century. Maki conquered and unified many the Tāmaki Māori tribes as Te Kawerau ā Maki, including those of the North Shore.[21][22] After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū. His younger son Maraeariki settled the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast, who based himself at the head of the Ōrewa River. Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore, Te Whenua Roa o Kahu ("The Greater Lands of Kahu"),[23][24] Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including Ngāti Manuhiri, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and Ngāti Whātua, can trace their lineage to Kahu.[24][25]
By the 18th century, the Marutūāhu iwi Ngāti Paoa had expanded their influence to include the islands of the Hauraki Gulf and the North Shore.[26] During these events in the latter 18th century, Tipau Point to the east of Browns Bay was the location of Ōmangaia Pā, a defensive pā site associated with the Ngāti Tai Manawaiti chief, Te Hehewa.[27][28] After periods of conflict, peace had been reached by the 1790s.[29] The earliest contact with Europeans began in the late 18th century, which caused many Tāmaki Māori to die of rewharewha, respiratory diseases.[30] During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the Waikato or Northland due to the threat of war parties during the Musket Wars. Most people had returned by the late 1820s and 1830s.[13][26][31]
A traditional story involving the Tor at Waiake involves Moeroa, the beautiful daughter of a local chief. Moeroa used to sit on the cliffs of the Tor, where she sung with tūī and korimako, and wove mats. One day, the cliffs gave way and she fell to her death, after which the island became tapu. The events likely occurred in the early 19th century.[15][9]
European settlement
Ferry steamer at Waiake Beach, ca 1910
In 1841, the Crown purchased the Mahurangi and Omaha blocks; an area that spanned from Takapuna to Te Ārai. The purchase involved some iwi with customary interests in the area, such as Ngāti Paoa, other Marutūāhu iwi and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, but not others, such as Te Kawerau ā Maki or Ngāti Rango.[32][33][25][34] The Crown spent until 1873 rectifying this sale, by making further deals with stakeholders.[33][34]
The first European land owner in Waiake was John Logan Campbell, who purchased Allotment 189 (Ōkura to Browns Bay) in 1864, believing that there was coal in the area.[35][36] The search for coal was unsuccessful, so Campbell sold the land in the 1870s.[37] Early names for the area included McGowan's Beach, Rock Isle Beach, Oneroa Bay and Deep Creek.[38][39] Around the year 1880, a British farmer, Mr. Long, purchased 200 acres of land around Waiake and Torbay, naming his farm Rock Island and Waiake Beach Rock Isle Beach.[40] After he died, his land was sold to Captain Charles Cholmondeley-Smith,[40] who grew tobacco, until the market crashed and he established the Glenvar Wine Company.[41] Cholmondeley-Smith's sons established a sawmill, where kauri logs from the Coromandel Peninsula were processed,[41] and a flaxmill was established on the property.[38]
The first wharf on Waiake Beach was constructed circa 1880 by the Cholmondeley-Smith family, and ferries were the major means of transport well into the 1920s.[42] Waiake Beach became known as McGowan's Beach in the early 20th century, after Scottish resident Anstruther McGowan, who periodically lived in Waiake between 1908 and 1936.[43][44]
Local government
From 1876 until 1954, the area was administered by the Waitemata County, a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland.[45] In 1954, the area split from the county, forming the East Coast Bays Borough Council,[45] which became East Coast Bays City in 1975.[46] In 1989, the city was merged into the North Shore City.[46] North Shore City was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010.[47]
Waiake had a population of 3,885 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 165 people (4.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 270 people (7.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,299 households, comprising 1,911 males and 1,974 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female. The median age was 39.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 726 people (18.7%) aged under 15 years, 771 (19.8%) aged 15 to 29, 1,827 (47.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 561 (14.4%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 81.7% European/Pākehā, 4.9% Māori, 1.9% Pacific peoples, 14.9% Asian, and 2.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 46.1, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.0% had no religion, 37.0% were Christian, 0.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.7% were Hindu, 0.5% were Muslim, 0.6% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 981 (31.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 300 (9.5%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $41,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. 831 people (26.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,668 (52.8%) people were employed full-time, 501 (15.9%) were part-time, and 96 (3.0%) were unemployed.[51]
References
^"Albany Ward"(PDF). Auckland Council. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"Tipau Point". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
^Veart, Dave (2018). The Māori Archaeology of Te Raki Paewhenua/North Shore (Report). Auckland North Community and Development. p. 10. ISBN978-0-9941358-4-1.
^Murdoch, Graeme (1990). "Nga Tohu o Waitakere: the Maori Place Names of the Waitakere River Valley and its Environs; their Background History and an Explanation of their Meaning". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.). West Auckland Remembers, Volume 1. West Auckland Historical Society. pp. 13–14. ISBN0-473-00983-8.
^ abWhaanga, Mel (March 2022). "He taonga o te rohe". Restore Hibiscus & Bays. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
^ abNgāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and the Trustees of the Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki Trust and the Crown (7 November 2015). "Deed of settlement schedule documents"(PDF). NZ Government. Archived(PDF) from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
^"Ōmangaia Pā". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
^Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and the Trustees of the Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki Trust and the Crown (7 November 2015). "Deed of settlement schedule documents"(PDF). NZ Government. Archived(PDF) from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
^ abReidy, Jade (2009). "How the West Was Run". In Macdonald, Finlay; Kerr, Ruth (eds.). West: The History of Waitakere. Random House. pp. 238–239. ISBN9781869790080.
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