Brunei–Germany relations

Brunei–Germany relations
Map indicating locations of Brunei and Germany

Brunei
Germany
Diplomatic mission
EmbassyEmbassy
Envoy
Ambassador Pengiran KrtiniAmbassador Gerda Winkler

Brunei and Germany established diplomatic relations in 1984. Brunei has an embassy in Berlin, and Germany has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.[1]

History

Relations between the two countries has been established since 1 May 1984.[1][2] In 1985, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah undertook his first private visit to Germany and in 1998 made a state visit while an official visit was made in 2002 and 2011.[2] German Chancellor Helmut Kohl paid an official visit to Brunei in 1997.[2]

Economic relations

Brunei views Germany as an important economic partner with bilateral trade increased in 2011 to approximately €346 million.[3] Germany exports to Brunei are mainly in cars, machinery, chemicals and heavy equipment.[2] There is also a ratification of an agreement on the encouragement and reciprocal protection of investment between both countries.[4]

Education relations

There is also a student exchange program between Brunei and Germany which was initiated in 2008 when a group of Bruneian students went to German universities to study.[5]

Further reading

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Brunei-Germany Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Brunei). Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d "Germany and Brunei Darussalam (Bilateral relations)". German Embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  3. ^ "Brunei Darussalam". Federal Foreign Office (Germany). December 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  4. ^ "Brunei-Germany ties lauded". VIP News. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  5. ^ "Ties between Brunei, Germany further strengthen". Xinhua News Agency. English People's Daily Online. 27 September 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2014.


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