Brooklyn Trust Company

The Brooklyn Trust Company Building, the bank's former headquarters at 177 Montague Street in Brooklyn Heights

The Brooklyn Trust Company was a bank headquartered in New York City, United States. Chartered in the then-independent city of Brooklyn in 1866, the Brooklyn Trust Company originally offered trust management and estate management services but also functioned as a commercial bank. The Brooklyn Trust Company acquired over a dozen smaller banks throughout its existence, merging with the Manufacturers Trust Company in 1950.

History

1860s to 1890s

The Brooklyn Trust Company received its charter from the New York State Legislature on April 14, 1866.[1][2] According to a book written by the bank, there had been high demand for "a strong banking institution which should act as executor or trustee" in Brooklyn.[3][4] The board of incorporators included several locally prominent figures[5] such as philanthropist Henry E. Pierrepont; collector J. Carson Brevoort; builder Daniel Chauncey; attorneys Jasper W. Gilbert and Alexander McCue; real estate developer John T. Runcie; politician William Wall; and businessman James Weaver.[6] The bank opened in June 1868, with Ethelbert S. Mills as its first president,[7] and was originally located at Court and Joralemon Streets.[8] The bank relocated to the corner of Clinton and Montague Streets in 1873. The structure, at 177 Montague Street, had been built in the 1850s as the residence of politician George Taylor and was expanded several times thereafter.[7]

The bank temporarily suspended operations in July 1873,[9][10] resuming business the next month.[11] Mills killed himself after the bank suspended operations, believing that the bank was in decline.[10][12] No one ever publicly accused him of mismanaging the bank, and a two-month investigation found that it was solvent.[7] Ripley Ropes succeeded Mills as president and oversaw the bank's growth over the next two decades.[7] During this time, the Brooklyn Trust Company functioned as a commercial bank, although it also offered trust management and estate management services.[5] Ropes died in 1890.[13] After Ropes's death, Christian S. Christensen was the bank's third president until 1900,[7] when he retired.[14]

1900s and 1910s

Theodore S. Miller was the bank's fourth president, leading it from 1900 until his death in 1913.[15] The Brooklyn Trust Company leased a site at the southeast corner of Bedford Avenue and Fulton Street, within the Bedford neighborhood of Brooklyn, in February 1903[16] and opened its first branch there the next month.[17] The Brooklyn Trust Company's board of directors approved the construction of a branch in the Financial District of Manhattan in January 1907[18] and opened a location at Broadway and Wall Street that May.[19]

The Brooklyn Trust Company agreed to take over the Long Island Loan and Trust Company at the end of 1912, with combined capital and surplus of $5.5 million,[20][21] and the two banks merged that March.[22] Edwin P. Maynard took over as the fifth president of the Brooklyn Trust Company in June 1913,[7][23] and Brooklyn Trust replaced its Montague Street headquarters with the Brooklyn Trust Company Building between 1913 and 1916.[24] Under Maynard's leadership, the bank continued to expand.[25][26]

1920s to 1940s

Brooklyn Trust was a member of the New York Clearing House Association for fourteen years. The bank withdrew in 1922 after the association implemented new rules that forced commercial banks to pay lower interest rates.[27] During the 1920s, Brooklyn Trust opened additional branches in Bay Ridge and Flatbush.[25][28] Maynard stepped down as president in 1927, becoming the chairman of the bank's board of trustees, while George Vincent McLaughlin became the sixth president of the Brooklyn Trust Company.[26] McLaughlin was a fan of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team and, under his tenure, Brooklyn Trust managed the estate of the Dodgers' owner Charles Ebbets.[29][30] The bank hired lawyer Walter O'Malley in 1943 to manage the Dodgers' legal issues; O'Malley eventually gained control of the team and moved the Dodgers to Los Angeles.[30][31] Because of Brooklyn Trust's involvement in managing Ebbets's estate, the bank was sometimes erroneously cited as an owner of the Dodgers.[32]

During late 1927, Brooklyn Trust acquired the Coney Island Bank from the National American Company.[33][34] By the end of the next year, the bank had eight Brooklyn branches and one Manhattan branch.[35] The boards of directors of the Brooklyn Trust Company and the Mechanics Bank of Brooklyn agreed in January 1929 to merge their respective banks,[36][37] and stockholders of both banks approved the merger later that month.[38] The combined institution had assets of at least $167 million.[36] The safe-deposit divisions of Brooklyn Trust and the Mechanics Bank were not merged until 1931.[39] Brooklyn Trust's board of directors agreed that December to acquire the State Bank of Richmond County and the Guardian National Bank of New York, which gave Brooklyn Trust four additional branches.[40][41]

By the 1930s, the Brooklyn Trust Company had 31 branches in New York City, including in Queens and Staten Island. One of the bank's branches, within Park Slope, was modeled after the design of its main headquarters on Montague Street.[42] Brooklyn Trust sold off its last branch in Staten Island in 1940.[43] The bank then rejoined the New York Clearing House Association in 1943.[44] All 700 of Brooklyn Trust's employees went on strike in July 1947, in what news media described at the time as the first major walkout in a major American bank;[45][46] this strike lasted for a month.[47] In July 1950, the bank was authorized to establish a personal loan department at one or more branches.[48]

Manufacturers Trust merger

The Brooklyn Trust Company continued to acquire smaller banks; by 1950, over twelve smaller institutions had been merged with Brooklyn Trust.[42] That August, The Wall Street Journal reported that Chase Bank and Manufacturers Trust were both considering acquiring Brooklyn Trust,[49] following nearly two years of rumors that Brooklyn Trust was to be merged with a larger bank.[50] Manufacturers Trust outbid Chase Bank and agreed to acquire Brooklyn Trust at the beginning of September 1950.[32][50] The boards of directors of both banks approved the merger on September 7, 1950.[51][52] The acquisition was the largest merger of banks in the New York City area since 1932.[53] The Wall Street Journal called the negotiations "the most intensive competitive auction in New York City banking history since the late '20s".[32]

Shareholders of both banks voted on October 11, 1950, to approve the merger, and the Brooklyn Trust Company merged into the Manufacturers Trust Company at the close of business on October 13.[54][55] At the time of the merger, the Brooklyn Trust Company had about $226 million in deposits,[32][53] spread across 26 branches,[32] of which 20 were in Brooklyn.[53] Following further mergers in the late 20th century, Manufacturers Trust merged into Chemical Bank, which became part of Chase Bank in 1996 and JPMorgan Chase in 2000.[42]

Headquarters building

The Brooklyn Trust Company Building is at the corner of Montague and Clinton Streets in Brooklyn Heights. The Italian Renaissance-inspired headquarters was designed by the architectural firm of York and Sawyer, and it was modeled after the Palazzo della Gran Guardia in Verona.[56] The building was built on the same site as the bank's previous headquarters.[2] The interior of the banking hall is designed with elements of Ancient Roman architecture and Italian Renaissance architecture, including Cosmati marble floors and a vaulted ceiling.[57][58]

Marc Eidlitz & Son constructed the building in two phases: the northern section opened in September 1915, while the southern section was completed in September 1916.[24] The building's facade and the banking hall's interior were designated as New York City landmarks in 1996,[59] and the structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.[60] The various successors of the Brooklyn Trust Company owned the building until 2007, when JPMorgan Chase sold it for $9.7 million.[61] Stahl Real Estate Company converted the upper floors to residential condominiums between 2012 and 2015.[62]

References

  1. ^ Paine, W.S. (1894). The Laws of the State of New York, Relating to Banks, Banking and Trust Companies, Loan, Mortgage and Safe Deposit Corporations, Together with the Acts Affecting Monied Corporations Generally, Including the Statutory Construction Law, the General Corporation Law, and the Stock Corporation Law, Also the National Bank Act and Cognate United States Statutes, with Annotations. Making of modern law. L. K. Strouse. p. 502.
  2. ^ a b Summary Of Statement January 1st 1907 To The State Banking Department Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New-York Daily Tribune, January 1, 1907, accessed June 26, 2011
  3. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1996, p. 2.
  4. ^ "Rambles about historic Brooklyn; a collection of the facts, legends, traditions and reminiscences that time has gathered about the historic homesteads and landmarks of Brooklyn; illustrated by reproductions of rare prints and old photographs". Brooklyn Trust Company. 1916. p. V. Retrieved May 24, 2023 – via Internet Archive.
  5. ^ a b National Park Service 2009, p. 10.
  6. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1996, p. 7.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Landmarks Preservation Commission 1996, p. 2; National Park Service 2009, p. 10.
  8. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1996, p. 2; National Park Service 2009, p. 11.
  9. ^ "The Defalcation" Archived November 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, July 22, 1873, accessed June 26, 2011
  10. ^ a b "Brooklyn Trust Company; Defalcation of its late President Ethelbert S. Mills". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. July 19, 1873. p. 4. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  11. ^ "Meeting Of The Stockholders — The Institution To Resume Business" Archived November 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, August 6, 1873, accessed June 26, 2011
  12. ^ "Death in the Surf.; a Prominent Brooklynite Drowned at Coney Island the Body Found". The New York Times. July 16, 1873. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  13. ^ "Death of Ripley Ropes". Brooklyn Times Union. May 19, 1890. p. 1. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  14. ^ "Farewell Card from General Christensen". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 29, 1900. p. 44. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  15. ^ "Theodore F. Miller Dies; Head of Brooklyn Trust Company Suffered Nervous Breakdown". The New York Times. May 20, 1913. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  16. ^ "Transaction in Leases in Bedford Section". The Standard Union. February 26, 1903. p. 2. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  17. ^ "Brooklyn Trust Company". Brooklyn Times Union. March 10, 1903. p. 3. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  18. ^ "Brooklyn Trust Company". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. January 16, 1907. p. 17. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  19. ^ "Local Stocks and Bonds". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 19, 1907. p. 43. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  20. ^ "Miller to Remain in the Presidency". The Standard Union. December 31, 1912. p. 2. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  21. ^ "$30,000,000 Merger of Trust Companies; Brooklyn Trust Co. Quietly Takes Over the Long Island Loan and Trust Co". The New York Times. December 31, 1912. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  22. ^ "To Consolidate Offices". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 3, 1913. p. 16. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  23. ^ "Mr. Maynard Congratulated". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 12, 1913. p. 18. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  24. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1996, pp. 2–3; National Park Service 2009, p. 11.
  25. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1996, p. 6; National Park Service 2009, pp. 10–11.
  26. ^ a b "Brooklyn Trust Co. Picks G. V. McLaughlin as Head, E. P. Maynard Retiring". The Standard Union. October 11, 1927. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  27. ^ "Two Banks Leave N.Y. Clearing House; Peoples and Brooklyn Trust Companies Withdraw From Association After 14 Years". The New York Times. June 28, 1922. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  28. ^ Trust Companies. Trust Companies Pub. Association. 1926. p. 855.
  29. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1996, p. 6.
  30. ^ a b "Los Angeles/Brooklyn Dodgers team ownership history – Society for American Baseball Research". Society for American Baseball Research. January 14, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
  31. ^ Schiavone, M. (2018). The Dodgers: 60 Years in Los Angeles. Sports Publishing. pp. 14–17. ISBN 978-1-68358-194-9.
  32. ^ a b c d e "Manufacturers Trust Purchases Brooklyn Trust: Outbids Chase". The Wall Street Journal. September 1, 1950. p. 5. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 131903186.
  33. ^ "Brooklyn Trust Co. To Absorb a Bank; Coney Island Institution to Be Transferred by National American Company". The New York Times. December 21, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
  34. ^ "Brooklyn Trust Buys Bank of Coney Island: National American Company Disposes of Its Third Banking Institution". New York Herald Tribune. December 21, 1927. p. 33. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1132270766.
  35. ^ "Brooklyn Trust Co. Buys; Bank to Build for New Branch in Park Slope Section. Brooklyn Block Changing. Brooklyn Apartments Leased. Dinner in Bronx for Emil Leitner Staten Island Parcel Sold". The New York Times. November 20, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
  36. ^ a b "Brooklyn Trust, Mechanics Bank Merger Ratified". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. January 5, 1929. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  37. ^ "Brooklyn Merger Approved; Boards of Brooklyn Trust and Mechanics Bank Adopt Plan". The New York Times. January 5, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  38. ^ "Merger is Approved for Brooklyn Banks; Stockholders of Brooklyn Trust and Mechanics Ratify Plan of the Directors". The New York Times. January 26, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  39. ^ "Two Safe Deposit Companies In Brooklyn Plan to Merge". The New York Times. April 11, 1931. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  40. ^ "Brooklyn Trust Co. Ready for Merger; Arranges to Take Over State Bank of Richmond and Guardian National". The New York Times. December 15, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  41. ^ "Brooklyn Trust to Absorb 2 Banks: Directors Approve Plan to Take Over Guardian National and State Bank of Richmond". The Wall Street Journal. December 16, 1929. p. 9. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 130769463.
  42. ^ a b c National Park Service 2009, p. 11.
  43. ^ "Brooklyn Trust Co. Sells Its Port Richmond Office". New York Herald Tribune. December 23, 1940. p. 28. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1335109624.
  44. ^ "Membership Rise in Clearing House; Brooklyn Trust Rejoins It After Lapse of 21 Years -Third Increase in Year". The New York Times. December 14, 1943. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  45. ^ "700 on Strike at Brooklyn Trust In First Walkout at a Major Bank; Employes Strike at Brooklyn Trust". The New York Times. July 17, 1947. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  46. ^ "Strike Is Called At the Brooklyn Trust Company: Union to Picket Bank and All Branches, Wants Pay Rises and Reinstatements". New York Herald Tribune. July 17, 1947. p. 3. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1323855644.
  47. ^ "Bank Union Votes Ending of Strike; Employes to Return Tomorrow to Brooklyn Trust Co. -- All Demands Dropped". The New York Times. August 17, 1947. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  48. ^ "Manhattan Savings Bank Seeks to Relocate Branch". New York Herald Tribune. July 23, 1950. p. B9. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1335460701.
  49. ^ "Chase, Manufacturers Reported in Contest to Buy Brooklyn Trust: Officials of the Three Banks Won't Deny Rumors But Won't Talk Either". The Wall Street Journal. August 23, 1950. p. 7. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 131802132.
  50. ^ a b "Trust Companies Agree on Merger; Brooklyn and Manufacturers' Boards to Vote on Biggest Bank Deal Since War". The New York Times. September 1, 1950. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  51. ^ "Shareholders in Brooklyn Trust To Get Stock and Cash in Merger". The New York Times. September 7, 1950. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  52. ^ "Manufacturers Trust, Brooklyn Trust Boards Approve Merger Terms: Manufacturers Holders to Get Stock Dividend Before Payment To Brooklyn Holders". The Wall Street Journal. September 7, 1950. p. 3. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 131843050.
  53. ^ a b c "Merger of Borough's Two Oldest, Largest Banks Awes Brooklynites". New York Amsterdam News. September 9, 1950. p. B1_9. ProQuest 225849182.
  54. ^ "Manufacturers and Brooklyn Trust Holders Vote Merger". The Wall Street Journal. October 12, 1950. p. 6. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 131826365.
  55. ^ "Heavy Holder Vote Approves 2-Bank Merger: Manufacturers Trust and Brooklyn Trust United". New York Herald Tribune. October 12, 1950. p. 32. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1327420595.
  56. ^ "Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Archived from the original (Searchable database) on April 4, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2016. Note: This includes Nathan Riddle; Jennifer Morris & Amy Crader (April 2009). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Brooklyn Trust Company Building" (PDF). Retrieved March 1, 2016. and Accompanying 25 photographs Archived April 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  57. ^ Postal, Matthew A.; Dolkart, Andrew (2008). Guide to New York City Landmarks. Wiley. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1.
  58. ^ National Park Service 2009, pp. 5–6.
  59. ^ Diamonstein-Spielvogel, Barbaralee (2011). The Landmarks of New York (5th ed.). Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. p. 524. ISBN 978-1-4384-3769-9.
  60. ^ "National Register of Historic Places". Weekly List Of Actions Taken On Properties: 8/17/09 Through 8/21/09. National Park Service. August 28, 2009.
  61. ^ Big Bank on Montague Street Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, brownstoner.com, accessed June 27, 2011
  62. ^ Kaysen, Ronda (February 6, 2015). "'Palazzo' Living in Brooklyn". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 22, 2023.

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