Bay Ridge was formerly the westernmost portion of the town of New Utrecht, comprising two smaller villages: Yellow Hook to the north and Fort Hamilton to the south. Yellow Hook was named for the color of the soil and was renamed Bay Ridge in December 1853 to avoid negative connotations with yellow fever at the time; the name Bay Ridge was chosen based on the local geography.[4] Bay Ridge became developed as a rural summer resort during the mid-19th century. The arrival of the New York City Subway's Fourth Avenue Line (present-day R train) in 1916 led to its development as a residential neighborhood. Bay Ridge is known for its Norwegian community but it also has small Irish, Italian, Arab and Greek communities.
South Brooklyn was originally settled by the Canarsee Indians, one of several indigenous Lenape peoples who farmed and hunted on the land. The Canarsee Indians had several routes that crossed Brooklyn, including a path from Fulton Ferry along the East River that extended southward to Gowanus Creek, Sunset Park, and Bay Ridge.[7]: 9 [8] The Canarsee traded with other indigenous peoples, and by the early 17th century, also with Dutch and English settlers.[7]: 9
The first European settlement at Bay Ridge occurred in 1636 when Willem Adriaenszen Bennett and Jacques Bentyn purchased 936 acres (379 ha) between 28th and 60th Streets, in what is now Sunset Park.[9][10][a] However, after the land was purchased in the 1640s by Dutch settlers who laid out their farms along the waterfront, the Canarsee were soon displaced, and had left Brooklyn by the 18th century.[7]: 9 Present-day Bay Ridge was the westernmost portion of New Utrecht, founded in 1657 by the Dutch.[11]: 8 [12] The area consisted of two sister villages: Yellow Hook to the north, named for the color of the soil, with "Hook" from the Dutch hoek, meaning "corner"[13] and Fort Hamilton to the south, named for the military installation at its center.[9][11]: 4
Yellow Hook was mostly farmland until the late 1840s. In 1848, Third Avenue within the area was widened. Two years later, a group of artists moved to the area and founded a colony called Ovington Village, named after the family who owned the farmland in the area.[14]: 1 [15] Around 1853, Yellow Hook changed the community's name to avoid association with yellow fever.[16][17] "Bay Ridge" was suggested by local horticulturist James Weir after the area's most prominent geographic features: the high ridge that offered views of New York Bay.[18][19] The natural beauty attracted the wealthy, who built country homes along Shore Road, overlooking the water.[20]
The first settlers referred to Fort Hamilton as the "Nyack Tract", after the Native American tribe that lived there.[9] Fort Hamilton began to develop in the 1830s as a resort destination when the corresponding military fortification was created. The mostly-immigrant laborers in the area started to create a community to the fort's north and west, which included stores, houses, churches, and a school. The community was linked by stagecoach to New Utrecht, Gowanus, and downtown Brooklyn, as well as by ferry to Staten Island and Manhattan.[21]: 2 [22]
In the mid-19th century, a large number of country houses were built in Bay Ridge, especially along Shore Road, which faced the New York Harbor to the west.[9] The advent of the telephone allowed estate owners to communicate with their businesses in Manhattan while enjoying their stays at the elegant estates of Bay Ridge.[11]: 8 [23]: 5 Through this period Greek Revival, Italianate, and Gothic Revival villas were built on Shore Road; many of these villas were constructed by the descendants of the area's original settlers.[11]: 8 [21]: 2 Development in Bay Ridge continued through the 1890s.[24] One of the most prominent organizations in Bay Ridge was the Crescent Athletic Club, a football club built in 1884, which contained a summer clubhouse, boathouse, and playing fields.[11]: 8 [14]: 2 By the late 19th century, it was anticipated that a series of parkways would be built across Brooklyn, connecting Bay Ridge to Eastern Parkway, Ocean Parkway, and Prospect Park. As such, several wide, tree-lined streets were laid through the neighborhood, including 75th Street (now Bay Ridge Parkway); Fort Hamilton Parkway; and Shore Road.[25][b]
Rapid development and subway construction
Until the late 19th century, Bay Ridge would remain a relatively isolated rural area,[21]: 4 reached primarily by stagecoaches, then by steam trolleys after 1878.[23]: 15 In 1892, the first electric trolley line was built in Brooklyn, starting at a ferry terminal at 39th Street and running via Second Avenue to 65th Street, and then via Third Avenue. The Fifth Avenue Elevated was then extended to Third Avenue and 65th Street.[23]: 19 [26] This had the effect of raising land prices: one entity, the Bay Ridge Improvement Company, was able to buy land for $1,000 per acre ($2,500/ha) in 1890, and then sell land off for $1,000 per lot several years later.[23]: 19
Real estate speculation commenced at the beginning of the 20th century.[27] A building boom in South Brooklyn started in about 1902 and 1903, and thousands of people started coming to the area from Manhattan and from other places.[26] The first definite plans for a Fourth Avenue subway (today's R train) were proposed by Rapid Transit Commission engineer William Barclay Parsons in 1903,[28] and two years later, a citizens' committee was created to aid the creation of the subway line.[29] The announcement of the subway line resulted in the immediate development of row houses in Bay Ridge.[28][30] In 1905 and 1906 realty values increased by about 100 percent, and land values increased due to the promise of improved transportation access.[26] Such was the rate of development, houses were being sold before they were even completed, and land prices could rise significantly just within several hours.[11]: 11
The subway itself faced delays. In 1905, the Rapid Transit Commission adopted the Fourth Avenue route to Fort Hamilton; following approval by the Board of Estimate and mayor of New York City, the route was approved by the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court.[31][32][33] Bids for construction and operation were let,[31][32] but in 1907, the Rapid Transit Commission was succeeded by the Public Service Commission (PSC).[29] For much of 1908, there were legal disagreements about whether the project could be funded while remaining within the city's debt limit.[11]: 12 The PSC voted unanimously for the Fourth Avenue subway line in March 1908,[29][31] but the Board of Estimate did not approve contracts for the line until October 1909. By then, a non-partisan political body, with the backing of 25,000 South Brooklyn residents, was created that would only support candidates in the municipal election that pledged support for the Fourth Avenue subway.[31][34][35] Groundbreaking for the first section of the subway, between DeKalb Avenue and 43rd Street took place in 1909.[36] Not long after the contracts were awarded, the PSC started negotiating with the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company in the execution of the Dual Contracts, which were signed in 1913.[31] During the Dual System negotiations, the construction of an extension of the Fourth Avenue subway was recommended as part of the Dual System, which was approved in 1912.[31] Construction began on the sections between 61st–89th Streets and between 43rd–61st Streets in 1913, and was completed two years later.[33]
The line opened to 59th Street on June 21, 1915,[37] and was extended to 86th Street on January 15, 1916, at which time development started to accelerate.[38] At the time, Bay Ridge extended northward to what is now present-day Sunset Park.[39] Industrial developments were constructed along the waterfront north of present-day 65th Street, such as Bush Terminal (now Industry City), and those were considered to be within Bay Ridge.[40] By the 1920s, the number of apartment buildings had increased fivefold, replacing old farms, homesteads and houses.[41]: 17 [42] Schools, churches, stores, movie theaters, and other structures were also created to serve the growing population.[23]: 23 The Fourth Avenue subway was extended further to Bay Ridge–95th Street in 1925,[43][44] by which point Bay Ridge's population had more than doubled since 1900.[41]: 17 By World War II, almost all of these large houses had been replaced with apartment buildings.[20]
There had been plans to build the Staten Island Tunnel, a railroad or subway tunnel, from Bay Ridge to Staten Island as early as 1890.[46] By the 1910s, there were two proposals to build a tunnel splitting from the Fourth Avenue subway in Bay Ridge, either at Fort Hamilton or at between 65th and 67th Streets.[47] The plan for the tunnel from 65th-67th Streets was ultimately selected[48] and work started in 1923, though the project was halted two years later.[49] In 1927, two years after the cancellation of the Staten Island Tunnel, engineer David B. Steinman brought up the possibility of constructing a vehicular bridge, the "Liberty Bridge", across the Narrows.[50]: 135 [51] The tunnel proposal was also revived with the announcement of the Liberty Bridge, and proposals for vehicular and rail tunnels were both considered.[52][53] The bridge was disapproved by the United States Department of War in 1934,[54] and plans for a bridge were revived in 1936.[55] By the time the bridge was approved by the city's Board of Estimate in 1943, residents of Bay Ridge had turned against it, citing a detrimental impact to the neighborhood's character.[56]
Robert Moses, the chairman of the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), announced the revival of plans for what would become the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge in 1947.[57] U.S. Representative Donald Lawrence O'Toole, whose constituency included Bay Ridge, opposed the proposal for the bridge in part because he believed it would damage the character of Bay Ridge.[58][59] The U.S. military approved the proposal anyway,[60][61] and in 1957, Moses proposed expanding Brooklyn's Gowanus Expressway and extending it to the Narrows Bridge by way of Seventh Avenue, which would require cutting through the middle of Bay Ridge. This proposal drew opposition from the community, who wanted the approach to follow the Belt Parkway along the Brooklyn shore.[62] After holding a hearing for concerned Bay Ridge residents, the Board of Estimate affirmed the Narrows Bridge plan in October 1958,[63] though this angered Bay Ridge residents since the construction of the approach would displace 7,500 people.[64] Also destroyed was Fort Lafayette, part of New York City's defense system along with Fort Hamilton and Fort Wadsworth in Staten Island; it was replaced by the base of the bridge's east tower.[65][66] The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge opened in 1964.[67]
The 2007 Brooklyn tornado hit this area, specifically 68th Street and Bay Ridge Avenue between Third and Fourth Avenues.[68] Eleven houses had to be vacated after they suffered significant damage, and many of the trees on the two blocks toppled, landing on cars and stoops. The 4th Avenue Presbyterian Church had its very large stained glass window blown out.[69] As the tornado lifted, it peeled the roof of a nearby Nissan dealership and deforested 40% of Leif Ericson Park. The tornado has been rated EF2 on the Enhanced Fujita scale, with winds between 111 and 135 MPH.[70]
Demographics
Based on data from the 2020 United States Census, the population of Bay Ridge was 111,952, an increase of 32,581 from the 79,371 counted in the 2010 Census, representing an increase of (41.04%) and an increase of 31,413 (39%) from the 80,539 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,571.96 acres (636.15 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 50.5 inhabitants per acre (32,300/sq mi; 12,500/km2).[3]
As of the 2010 US Census, the racial makeup of the neighborhood was 60.1% White (55,976), 19.9% Hispanic (25,413), 15.4% (23,509) Asian, 2.3% Black (2,015), 1.9% (3,358) from two or more races, and 0.5% (335) as other races.[71]
The entirety of Community Board 10 had 142,075 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 83.1 years.[72]: 2, 20 This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[73]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [74] The median age is 38, while 20% are between the ages of 0–17, 34% between 25 and 44, and 25% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 7% and 15% respectively.[72]: 2
As of 2020, the median household income was $105,177.[75] In 2018, an estimated 19% of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in twelve residents (8%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in the rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 49% in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, slightly lower than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018[update], Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights are considered to be high-income neighborhoods relative to the rest of the city.[72]: 7
According to the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning, Bay Ridge had 40,000 or more White residents, while its Asian and Hispanic populations each had between 10,000 and 19,999 residents.[76][77]
Climate
Bay Ridge, Brooklyn falls under different climate types depending on the climate classification system used. However, the Köppen climate classification system is the most widely used climate classification scheme.
Bay Ridge, Brooklyn Climate according to major climate systems
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Bay Ridge's Norwegian heritage is represented in the Valhalla Courts.A sign including Arabic on 79th street in Bay Ridge
Bay Ridge is well known for its Norwegian community. By 1971, the 55,000-strong Norwegian community of Bay Ridge boasted that it was the fourth-largest Norwegian "city" in the world.[83] Residents also compared Eighth Avenue's string of Norwegian businesses to Oslo'sKarl Johans gate.[83] The community continues to host the annual Norwegian Constitution Day Parade, also known as the Syttende Mai Parade, in which hundreds of people in folk dress proceed down Third Avenue. The celebration ends in Leif Ericson Park, where "Miss Norway" is crowned near the statue of Leif Ericson. The statue was donated by Crown Prince Olav, Prince of Norway, on behalf of the nation of Norway in 1939.[84][85] Nordic Delicacies, a Norwegian gifts-and-groceries store, operated until 2015.[86]
As of 2023[update], Bay Ridge still maintains a sizable Norwegian population at around 30,000 individuals. Later in the 20th century, like other areas in southern and southwestern Brooklyn, there was an increase in the number of Irish, Italian, Greek, Russian, Polish, Jordanians, Lebanese, Syrian, Egyptian and to a lesser extent Chinese, people living in Bay Ridge. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Middle Eastern, North African, and Arab Americans moved to Bay Ridge, with The New York Times referring to it as "the heart of Brooklyn's Arab community".[87] The neighborhood also has many Muslim residents, particularly in its northern area bordering the Sunset Park neighborhood. Bay Ridge is one of the largest Arab-American communities in the United States,[88] and the largest in New York City.
In addition to the large Norwegian, Irish, Italian, and Arab American communities, there are sizable numbers of Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and—to a lesser extent—Central Americans and Dominicans in Bay Ridge.
Bay Ridge has many ethnic restaurants, especially along Third and Fifth Avenues, its main commercial strips.[89][90] Sentiments against residents and workers of Asian descent rose in 2020.[91]
Bay Ridge has a large elderly population. It has been called a naturally occurring retirement community (NORC) as many of its families have grown up in the neighborhood while their children moved away. In 2006, it was reported that 20% of the population of Bay Ridge was 60 years of age or more.[92]
News
Local newspapers include The Home Reporter, Sunset News, The Bay Ridge Courier, and Bay Ridge News. The neighborhood is also often covered by The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. These newspapers publish other local offshoots: The Home Reporter also publishes The Spectator; the Courier's parent company also publishes The Brooklyn Paper; and the Eagle publishes a weekly digest called Bay Ridge Life.
Development
In the 1990s and 2000s, many decades-old two-family houses were demolished and replaced by condominiums known colloquially as "Fedder Homes", after the branded air conditioners poking out from the buildings' facades. In 2005, local community leaders and community activists from across the political spectrum united to issue rezoning laws.[93] The six-story apartment complexes lining Shore Road are among the tallest buildings in the neighborhood.[94]
Landmarks
Points of interest
69th Street Pier in 2008The park strip between the shore road and Narrows
8200 Narrows Avenue House, (commonly referred to as the "Gingerbread House"), designed by James Sarsfield Kennedy in 1917, is a city landmark.[14]
American Veterans Memorial Pier (commonly referred to as the 69th Street Pier) at Bay Ridge Avenue and Shore Road is the community's key seaside recreation spot. Sports fishermen travel to fish the waters of "The Bay Ridge Anchorage" and along the seawall promenade that runs south from the pier to the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge and east along Gravesend Bay. The pier features a sculpture that emits a beam of light as a memorial to those who died in the September 11 terrorist attacks. Commuter ferry service operated between this pier and the St. George Ferry Terminal in Staten Island from 1912 until 1964, the year the Verrazzano Bridge opened.[95] Ferry service to Wall Street and points along the western coast of Brooklyn began in 2017 from the pier as part of NYC Ferry's South Brooklyn route.[96]
Bennet-Farrell-Feldman House, located at 119 95th Street,[97] was built in 1847 and is now an official city landmark.[21] An accompanying structure, thought to have been used as a barn, couldn't be saved and was demolished. Legend has it the house was turned so that its "widow's walk", a balcony that traditionally faces the sea so women left at home could watch for their husbands' ships, would no longer face the Narrows.[98]
Doctors' Row, a series of houses along Bay Ridge Pkwy between Fourth and Fifth Avenues (see § Doctors' Row)[11]
Owl's Head Park (also known as Bliss Park), in the neighborhood's northwest corner, was previously the private estate of the Bliss Family, for whom nearby Bliss Terrace is named. They sold what remained of the estate to the city in 1928 for $850,000, after Eliphalet Williams Bliss specified in his will 25 years earlier that he wanted the city to buy the land and convert it into parkland. Before them, a portion of the property was owned by Henry C. Murphy, a former Mayor of Brooklyn, ambassador, congressman and New York State Senator for whom the nearby Senator Street is named. Remnants of the estate—mansion, stable, observation tower—were still visible into the 1930s and 40s, when they were finally demolished, having been left to fall into disrepair.[100] It is a 24-acre (97,000 m2) walking park[101] that has a state of the art skate park, dog run, children's playground and basketball courts; it has the first concrete skatepark built in Brooklyn.[102]
Step streets are public staircases in the middle of a street. As a rule they were placed on hills that were too steep to build a road for cars but still allow access to pedestrians.[104]
Historic Fort Hamilton Army Base is located in the southwestern corner of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, with gates in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, and is one of several posts that are part of the region which is headquartered by the Military District of Washington. Its mission is to provide the New York metropolitan area with military installation support for the Army National Guard and the United States Army Reserve. The base is considered to be part of Bay Ridge. The children stationed at the base are zoned into Bay Ridge schools.
Fort Hamilton houses one of the neighborhood's few cultural attractions, the Harbor Defense Museum.[108]
Doctors' Row
Doctors' Row is a series of rowhouses located on Bay Ridge Parkway between 4th and 5th Avenues, built in the 1900s and 1910s prior to the opening of the Fourth Avenue subway line. The 54 houses that comprise Doctors' Row, include elements of the Renaissance Revival architectural style, with some elements in the Colonial Revival style.[11]: 7 In 2019 the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission made Doctors' Row an official city-designated historic district, making it the first such district in the neighborhood.[109]
Police and crime
The NYPD's 68th Precinct is located at 333 65th Street.[5] The 68th Precinct ranked 7th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[110] As of 2018[update], with a non-fatal assault rate of 23 per 100,000 people, Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights' rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 168 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[72]: 8
The 68th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 88.6% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 2 murders, 16 rapes, 59 robberies, 129 felony assaults, 96 burglaries, 387 grand larcenies, and 86 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[111]
Fire safety
The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) contains two fire stations in Bay Ridge.[112] Engine Co. 241/Ladder Co. 109 is located at 6630 3rd Avenue.[113] Engine Co. 242, serving primarily Fort Hamilton, is located at 9219 5th Avenue.[114]
Health
As of 2018[update], preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights than in other places citywide. In Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, there were 71 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 11.4 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[72]: 11 Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights has a high population of residents who are uninsured, or who receive healthcare through Medicaid.[115] In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 15%, which is higher than the citywide rate of 12%.[72]: 14
The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights is 0.0074 milligrams per cubic metre (7.4×10−9 oz/cu ft), lower than the citywide and boroughwide averages.[72]: 9 Twelve percent of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights residents are smokers, which is lower the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[72]: 13 In Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, 28% of residents are obese, 15% are diabetic, and 31% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[72]: 16 In addition, 16% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[72]: 12
Ninety-two percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is slightly higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 74% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%.[72]: 13 For every supermarket in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, there are 20 bodegas.[72]: 10
Bay Ridge is covered mostly by ZIP Code 11209, though the small portion north of 65th Street is covered by ZIP Code 11220.[118] The United States Post Office operates the Ovington Station at 6803 4th Avenue[119] and the Fort Hamilton Station at 8801 5th Avenue.[120]
Politics
For many years, Bay Ridge has been a relatively conservative enclave of Brooklyn.[121]Mike Long, who served as chairman of the Conservative Party of New York from 1988 to 2019, owned a liquor store and resided in the district. The community is also considered a Republican stronghold. An exception was Democrat Sal Albanese, who was elected to the neighborhood's City Council seat in 1983, defeating the 21-year incumbent Republican-Conservative Minority Leader Angelo G. Arculeo, and went on to represent the district for 15 years. After the 1990 census, the area was split into two Assembly districts to eliminate a Republican Assembly Seat. The political landscape began to change with population shifts over the 1990s and early 2000s, when the multigenerational white ethnic population began to die or move from the area.
Breaking ground on Bay Ridge High School, 1914High School of Telecommunications
Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights have a ratio of college-educated residents similar to the rest of the city's as of 2018[update]. Forty-six percent of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 19% have less than a high school education, and 35% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 40% of Brooklynites and 38% of city residents have a college education or higher.[72]: 6 The percentage of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights students excelling in reading and math has been increasing, with reading achievement rising from 51 percent in 2000 to 52 percent in 2011, and math achievement rising from 49 percent to 71 percent within the same time period.[130]
Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights' rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City's. In Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, 8% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, compared to the citywide average of 20% of students.[72]: 6 [73]: 24 (PDF p. 55) Additionally, 82% of high school students in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights graduate on time, higher than the citywide average of 75% of students.[72]: 6
Primary and secondary schools
The New York City Department of Education operates area public schools. Educational institutions in Bay Ridge include PS 102,[131] PS 170, PS 127, PS 185[132] (Walter Kassenbrock Elementary School), PS 104[133] (called the Fort Hamilton School), PS 264[134] (Bay Ridge Elementary School for the Arts), Lutheran Elementary School, Bay Ridge Catholic Academy (formerly St. Anselm's Roman Catholic School), PS/IS 30[135] (also known as Mary White Ovington), PS 413 Joanne Seminara School of Law and Medicine,[136] IS 259 (also known as William McKinley Junior High School), Fort Hamilton High School, and High School of Telecommunications (originally all-girls Bay Ridge High School).
There are also parochial or private schools in Bay Ridge. These include Angels Catholic Academy,[137] Bay Ridge Preparatory School,[138]Poly Prep Country Day School, Visitation Academy, Adelphi Academy, Fontbonne Hall Academy, St. Patrick Elementary School, D., G. Kaloidis Parochial School,[139] and Xaverian High School. Fort Hamilton High School, between 83rd and 85th streets, was erected in the 1940s on the grounds of the Crescent Athletic Club, a country club.
Libraries
Brooklyn Public Library (BPL) operates two public libraries in the neighborhood. The Bay Ridge Library is the larger of the two, and is located at 7223 Ridge Boulevard at 73rd Street. The Bay Ridge Reading Club first organized the library in 1880. It opened on its present site in 1896 and became a BPL branch in 1901. The current two-story facility opened in 1960. In 2004 it received a $2.1 million renovation, including new furniture and shelving, new lighting equipment, a new roof, and 27 additional public access computers.[140]
The Fort Hamilton Library, located at 9424 Fourth Avenue between 94th and 95th Streets, was built as a Carnegie library in 1906. The current branch's predecessor became a part of the BPL system in 1901 and moved to its current location in 1905. Since then it has gone through numerous renovations. The most recent renovation was completed in March 2011.[141]
Additionally, there are MTA express bus routes X27, X37 which mainly serve for the commute to Manhattan, but also run during off-peak hours on weekdays. The X27 also runs on weekends. The routes X28, X38 also serve the eastern part of Bay Ridge. Many Bay Ridge commuters opt for the relative comfort and convenience of the express bus, even though it costs more than the subway. Bay Ridge is readily accessible by car, encircled by the Belt Parkway and Gowanus Expressway. Local bus routes include B1, B4, B8, B9, B16, B37, B63, B64, B70, S53, S79 SBS, S93.[143]
C. C. DeVille (born 1962 as Bruce Anthony Johannesson), guitarist of the 1980s glam band Poison grew up in Bay Ridge, attending P.S. 102, McKinley JHS, and Fort Hamilton H.S.[citation needed]\
Calvert DeForest (1921-2007), actor and comedian (known for his character Larry "Bud" Melman)[154]
Yannis Pappas, comedian who has appeared in Bay Ridge Boys and History Hyenas[167]
Pee Wee Reese (1918-1999), shortstop for the Brooklyn Dodgers who lived in a brick duplex at 9712 Barwell Terrace, off 97th Street.[168]
Jerry Rosenberg (born c. 1934), owner of JGE Appliance Stores, and pitchman of various local businesses in the New York Tri-State area throughout the 1970s[169]
Tom McDonough's novel Virgin with Child is set in Bay Ridge.[183]
Several short stories by Hubert Selby, Jr. are set in the neighborhood, including "Liebesnacht" and "Double Feature".[184] Some of his novels are also set in the neighborhood or nearby, like Last Exit to Brooklyn and The Demon.[185]
Several novels by Gilbert Sorrentino are set in the neighborhood, including Steelwork,Red the Fiend,Crystal Vision,A Strange Commonplace,Little Casino, and The Abyss of Human Illusion.[186]
NYPD Commissioner Frank Reagan (Tom Selleck) on CBS-TV's Blue Bloods lives in Bay Ridge; his home at 8070 Harbor View Terrace, near Fort Hamilton High School, is seen in each episode[189]
Peggy Olson, the Norwegian-American copywriter on AMC's Mad Men, is from Bay Ridge.[191] In the second episode of Season One, she declared, "I'm from Bay Ridge. We have manners."
References
Notes
^Until the 1960s, present-day Sunset Park was considered part of Bay Ridge.[7]: 9
^The name "Bay Ridge Parkway" was originally used to refer to a route that ran on 67th Street and then Shore Road. It currently refers to the street located between 74th and 76th Streets.[25]
^ ab"NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
^"F.Y.I."Archived February 24, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, December 17, 1995. Accessed February 23, 2022. "More than a century ago, the area now known as Bay Ridge was called Yellow Hook, according to documents from the Bay Ridge Historical Society. The name referred to the yellow sand and clay in the soil. But yellow fever swept through the area in 1848-49, and the name Yellow Hook suddenly lost its charm.... So in December 1853, many of the large landowners from the area met to change the name. A florist named James Weir put forth the name Bay Ridge as one that suggested the 'geographic nature' of the land."
^ abcdeMerlis, Brian (2000). Brooklyn's Bay Ridge and Fort Hamilton : a photographic journey, 1870-1970. Brooklyn, NY Lynbrook, NY: Israelowitz Pub. Brooklyn Editions. ISBN978-1-878741-45-5. OCLC45112683.
^"Realty Market Steady Despite Campaign". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 28, 1905. p. 12. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com .
^"2022 Senate District Maps: New York City". The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. 2022. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
^"2024 Assembly District Maps: New York City". The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. 2024. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
^Hernandez, Javier C. "Democratic Candidates Recall Their Humbler Abodes"Archived October 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, April 19, 2013. Accessed July 2, 2019. "Sal F. Albanese, 63, a former city councilman from Brooklyn, seized the opportunity. While he now lives in a $1 million home in Bay Ridge, he said he had once lived in Park Slope — in 1969, 'when it was a working-class neighborhood,' he said — for $60 a month."
^Awerin, Mike. "Bob Berg: Rebel With A Cause"Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Son of Miles, May 7, 1998. Accessed July 2, 2019. "For example, he was married and he and his wife and two children lived in a house with a backyard in the same Bay Ridge section of Brooklyn where he grew up."
^Murphy, Tim. "The Evolution of a Jewelry Prince"Archived May 7, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, February 21, 2012. Accessed January 3, 2021. "To hear Mr. Bittar tell it, he went through it. He was born and raised in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, to a Syrian-Christian father and an Irish-Catholic mother, computer-science professors who traded antiques and designed dresses to supplement their income."
^Freedman, Samuel G."Actor Who Played An Addict Dies, Apparently Of Overdose"Archived April 26, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, November 9, 1983. Accessed July 2, 2019. "Mr. Hayden's life had taken him from a troubled childhood in Brooklyn to the verge of stardom. He ran away from his home in Bay Ridge when he was 14, said Michael Urban, a friend who was a member of the crew of American Buffalo, and he occasionally supported himself by singing in Herald Square."
^Haglund, David. "How accurate is Wolf of Wall Street?"Archived August 23, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Concord Monitor, January 2, 2014. Accessed August 22, 2023, via Newspapers.com. "Belfort divorced Denise Lombardo, called Teresa in the movie, after meeting Nadine Caridi at a Stratton Oakmont party.... In both the book and the movie Belfort calls her the Duchess of Bay Ridge (or just the Duchess for short) because she was born in England but grew up in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn."
^Jaworski, Ken. "Cooking for Her Men, and Serving the Audience"Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, March 21, 2014. Accessed July 2, 2019. "This good-natured one-woman show at the George Street Playhouse in New Brunswick is based on Giulia Melucci's memoir of the same name.... From her early life in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, through her eventual jobs in publishing in Manhattan, Giulia has a knack for becoming tangled in problematic relationships."
^Eskenazi, Gerald. "Baseball; Saberhagen Comes Up One Strike Short"Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, April 25, 1993. Accessed July 2, 2019. "He knew that the Padres' young hurler, Frank Seminara of Brooklyn's Xaverian High School and Columbia University, was giving the Mets trouble.... Seminara had made a 3,000-mile trip back to New York, brought in 50 family members and friends from Bay Ridge and wound up pitching a strong five and two-thirds innings."
Kim Shin-wook Upacara Resmi Tim Korea untuk 'Piala Dunia FIFA 2018 Rusia'Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Kim Shin-wookTanggal lahir 14 April 1988 (umur 35)Tempat lahir Gwacheon, Korea SelatanTinggi 197 cm (6 ft 6 in)Posisi bermain PenyerangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Jeonbuk Hyundai MotorsNomor 9Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2009 – 2015 Ulsan Hyundai FC 215 (81)2016 – Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors 68 (17)Tim nasional2010 – Korea Selatan 51 (10) * Penampilan dan gol di ...
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala. Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Hasan Purbo – beri...
Vermont election Burlington mayoral election, 2012 ← 2009 March 6, 2012 2015 → Nominee Miro Weinberger Kurt Wright Wanda Hines Party Democratic Republican Independent Popular vote 5,801 3,746 506 Percentage 57.27% 36.98% 5.00% Results by wardWeinberger: 60–70%Wright: 50–60% Mayor before election Bob Kiss Progressive Elected Mayor Miro Weinberger Democratic Elections in Vermont Federal government ...
Chemical compound DimesoneClinical dataOther names9α-Fluoro-11β,21-dihydroxy-16α,17α-dimethylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dioneDrug classCorticosteroid; GlucocorticoidIdentifiers IUPAC name (8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16R,17S)-9-Fluoro-11-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16,17-tetramethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one CAS Number25092-07-3PubChem CID208841ChemSpider180949UNIIB506X74MK0ChEMBLChEMBL2106346Chemical and physical dataFormulaC23H31FO4Molar mass390.495 g...
Peta menunjukkan lokasi Kitcharao. Kitcharao adalah munisipalitas yang terletak di provinsi Agusan del Norte, Filipina. Pada tahun 2011, munisipalitas ini memiliki penduduk sebesar 17.204 jiwa atau 3.440 rumah tangga.[1] Pembagian wilayah Kitcharao terbagi menjadi 11 barangay, yaitu: Bangayan Canaway Hinimbangan Jaliobong Mahayahay Poblacion San Isidro San Roque Sangay Crossing Songkoy Referensi ^ Local Governance Performance Management System[pranala nonaktif permanen] Pranal...
Basilicata— Vùng của Ý — Hiệu kỳHuy hiệuBasilicataQuốc giaÝThủ phủPotenzaChính quyền • Thủ hiếnMarcello Pittella (PD)Diện tích • Tổng cộng9.995 km2 (3,859 mi2)Dân số (ngày 3 tháng 10 năm 2012) • Tổng cộng575.902 • Mật độ58/km2 (150/mi2)Tên cư dânLucano (sing.), Lucani (pl.)Múi giờCET (UTC+1) • Mùa hè (D...
Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati del Baden-Württemberg è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Sandhausencomune Sandhausen – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Germania Land Baden-Württemberg DistrettoKarlsruhe CircondarioRhein-Neckar-Kreis TerritorioCoordinate49°20′38″N 8°39′29″E / 49.343889°N 8.658056°E49.343889; 8.658056 (Sandhausen)Coordinate: 49°20′38″N 8°39′29″E / 49....
Reinaldo Marcus GreenBiographieNaissance 16 décembre 1981 (42 ans)BronxNationalité américaineFormation Port Richmond High School (en)Tisch School of the ArtsUniversité Fairleigh-DickinsonActivités Réalisateur, scénariste de cinéma, scénariste, producteur de cinéma, acteurmodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Reinaldo Marcus Green est un réalisateur, producteur et scénariste américain. Biographie Depuis 2011, Reinaldo Marcus Green écrit, produit et réalisé ses co...
Patung Apis di Musium Louvre, Prancis Apis merupakan salah satu nama dalam mitologi bangsa Mesir.[1][2] Nama ini menunjuk pada seekor lembu jantan yang dianggap suci dalam mitologi masyarakat Mesir.[1] Apis termasuk dalam jejeran nama-nama hewan yang penting pada waktu mesir kuno.[1][2] Lembu ini dilahirkan dari pancaran cahaya yang mengalir dari Bulan.[1] Kelahirannya merupakan suatu masa di mana orang-orang Mesir bersukacita. Masa kematiannya ...
American geographer and cartographer For the British geographer, see Adrian Henry Wardle Robinson. Arthur H. RobinsonBorn(1915-01-05)January 5, 1915Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDiedOctober 10, 2004(2004-10-10) (aged 89)Madison, Wisconsin, U.S. Arthur H. Robinson (January 5, 1915 – October 10, 2004) was an American geographer and cartographer,[1] who was professor in the Geography Department at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1947 until he retired in 1980. He was a prolifi...
Gereja di Kargasok Eparki Kolpashevo adalah sebuah eparki Gereja Ortodoks Rusia yang terletak di Kolpashevo, Federasi Rusia. Eparki tersebut didirikan pada 2013[1] dan dipimpin oleh Silvianus (Wjurow). Referensi ^ http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/2846309.html lbsKeuskupan Gereja Ortodoks RusiaPatriark MoskwaEparki di Rusia Abakan dan Khakassia Akhtubinsk Alapayevsk Alatyr Alexdanrov Almetyevsk Amur Anadyr Ardatov Arkhangelsk Armavir Arsenyev Astrakhan Balashov Barnaul Barysh Belgorod...
Beach near Brookings, Oregon Lone Ranch BeachLone Ranch Beach seen towards southShow map of OregonShow map of the United StatesTypePublic, stateLocationCurry County, OregonNearest cityBrookingsCoordinates42°05′54″N 124°20′34″W / 42.0984455°N 124.3428766°W / 42.0984455; -124.3428766[1]Operated byOregon Parks and Recreation Department Lone Ranch Beach is a beach administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, as it is part of the...
This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy. (October 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Public school in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts, United StatesManchester Essex Regional Middle/High SchoolAddress36 Lincoln StreetManchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts 01944U...
Fictional Dungeons & Dragons monster This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Slaad – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) SlaadFirst appearanceFiend Folio (1981)In-universe informationTypeOutsiderAlignmentChaotic neutral The slaad...
Fourth Division 1961-1962 Competizione Fourth Division Sport Calcio Edizione 4ª Organizzatore Football League Date dal 19 agosto 1961al 3 maggio 1962 Luogo Inghilterra Galles Partecipanti 24 Formula girone all'italiana A/R Risultati Vincitore Millwall(1º titolo) Altre promozioni Carlisle UnitedColchester UnitedWrexham Statistiche Miglior marcatore Bobby Hunt (37) Incontri disputati 506 Gol segnati 1 690 (3,34 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 196...
Time signal radio station in the United States NIST Time & Frequency ServiceTypeTime stationCountryUnited StatesOwnershipOwnerNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyHistoryLaunch dateJuly 1956 (under experimental license KK2XEI)July 4, 1963 (as WWVB)CoverageAvailabilityCanada, United States, MexicoLinksWebsiteWWVB home page. NIST. March 2010. WWVB is a time signal radio station near Fort Collins, Colorado and is operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)....
American labor union activist (1929–2020) Owen BieberBieber in 19867th President of the United Automobile WorkersIn office1983–1995Preceded byDouglas FraserSucceeded byStephen Yokich Personal detailsBornOwen Frederick Bieber(1929-12-28)December 28, 1929Dorr Township, Michigan U.S.DiedFebruary 17, 2020(2020-02-17) (aged 90)Detroit, Michigan, U.S.OccupationLabor leaderKnown forPresident, United Auto Workers Owen Frederick Bieber (/ˈbiːbər/;[1] December 28, 1929 – February ...
Voce principale: Puglia. Dialetti pugliesiParlato in Italia Regioni Puglia LocutoriTotale2.750.000 (2022) TassonomiaFilogenesiIndoeuropee Italiche Romanze Italoromanze Dialetti italiani meridionali e dialetti meridionali estremi Dialetti pugliesi Statuto ufficialeRegolato danessuna regolazione ufficiale Manuale I dialetti della Puglia[1], storicamente parlati nell'attuale regione ammin...
Marinus BarletiusFödd1450[1]Shkodra, AlbanienDöd1513RomMedborgare iRepubliken VenedigSysselsättningFörfattare, historikerRedigera Wikidata Historia de vita et gestis Scanderbegi Epirotarum. Marinus Barletius (italienska: Marino Barlezio; albanska: Marin Barleti) var en albansk historiker, författare, humanist och katolsk präst som var verksam i Italien, född cirka 1450 i staden Shkodra i Albanien, död 1512[2] eller runt 1520[3], förmodligen i Rom i Italien. Han var i sin hemstad...
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