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Breguet Type I
	Breguet Type I after accident at the Grande Semaine d'Aviation in August 1909
Role	Experimental aircraft
National origin	France
Manufacturer	Louis Breguet
Designer	Louis Breguet
First flight	28 June 1909
Number built	1

The Breguet Type I was an experimental aircraft built in France in 1909. It was Louis Bréguet's first fixed-wing aircraft design.^[1]^[2] Breguet had previously had some success with two helicopter designs, one of which had been exhibited at the Paris Aero Salon in December 1908. Because of these machines, the Type I was at first known as the Breguet Type III.

Design

The Breguet Type 1 differed from most biplane designs of the time by being of tractor configuration and not having a forward elevator, as used by the Wright Brothers and Gabriel Voisin, and in using a steel structure when wood was the material of choice for most builders at the time. The engine was mounted at the front of the aircraft in a square section nacelle projecting forwards from the lower wing, driving a three-bladed propeller. The upper wing was built in three separate sections, with the entire outer sections pivoting about the main spar for control purposes, while the lower wings, which had a smaller wingspan, were divided into two pivoting planes, with a large gap between them in place of a centre section. The wings were connected by four steel tube interplane struts, each enclosed in a streamlined fairing. The tail surfaces were mounted on four cross-braced steel booms and consisted of a large-span upper elevator and a smaller lower surface, with a pair of rudders filling the gap between them. The undercarriage consisted of a pair of forward-projecting skids with a small wheel mounted between them, supplemented by outrigger wheels on each wingtip. Power was provided by a 60 hp (45 kW) Renault V-8 engine.

The machine was displayed without an engine at the Olympia Aero Show in London in March 1909^[3] and first took to the air on 28 June at La Brayelle Airfield.^[2] Bréguet flew this aircraft, given the exhibition number 19, at the Grande Semaine d'Aviation in August,^[4] but crashed when the machine was caught in a gust of wind . Bréguet himself was unharmed.^[5]

Specifications

Data from Hartmann 2005, p.6

General characteristics

Crew: one pilot
Length: 9.15 m (30 ft 0 in)
Wingspan: 13.70 m (44 ft 11 in)
Wing area: 40.0 m² (404 sq ft)
Empty weight: 580 kg (1,300 lb)
Gross weight: 800 kg (1,800 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Renault 50/60 hp , 45 kW (60 hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 60 km/h (40 mph, 35 kn)

Notes

^ Grant 2002, p. 64
^ ^a ^b Hartman 2005, p.6
^ "Flyers at Olympia" Flight 27 March 1909 p177
^ Massac Buist 1909, 539
^ "What a Wrecked Biplane Looks Like" Flight 4 September 1909

References

"The First British Aero Show". Flight: 171–73. 27 March 1909. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
"Types of Flyers and Sketches of some Leading Models". Flight: 360–62. 19 June 1909. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
Grant, R.G. (2002). Flight: The complete history. New York, New York: Dorling Kindersley Limited.
Hartmann, Gérard (2005). "Les premiers appareils Bréguet" (PDF). La Coupe Schneider et hydravions anciens/Dossiers historiques hydravions et moteurs. Retrieved 2008-12-07.