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Brancaster
Brancaster
	St Mary the Virgin, Brancaster
	Brancaster Location within Norfolk
Area	21.43 km2 (8.27 sq mi)
Population	797 (2011)
• Density	37/km2 (96/sq mi)
OS grid reference	TF775438
Civil parish	Brancaster;
District	King's Lynn and West Norfolk;
Shire county	Norfolk;
Region	East;
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	KING'S LYNN
Postcode district	PE31
Dialling code	01485
Police	Norfolk
Fire	Norfolk
Ambulance	East of England
UK Parliament	North West Norfolk;
	List of places UK England Norfolk 52°57′44″N 0°38′29″E / 52.96219°N 0.64132°E

Brancaster is a village and civil parish on the north coast of the English county Norfolk. The civil parish of Brancaster comprises Brancaster itself, together with Brancaster Staithe and Burnham Deepdale. The three villages form a more or less continuous settlement along the A149 at the edge of the Brancaster Manor marshland and the Scolt Head Island National Nature Reserve. The villages are located about 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Burnham Market, 22 miles (35 km) north of the town of King's Lynn and 31 miles (50 km) north-west of the city of Norwich.^[1] The civil parish has an area of 8.27 square miles (21.4 km²) and in the 2011 census had a population of 797 in 406 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk.^[2] In 2016, Janet Lake, the clerk to Brancaster Parish Council, reached 50 years of service in the post.^[2]

The village's name means "Roman site of Branodunum", where the original Romano-British name may be preserved in the first element. The name is from British bran(n)o, "crow/raven" possibly used as a personal name, and duno-, "fortification". Alternatively, perhaps, "broomy Roman site".

Geography and geology

A petrified forest can be seen on the foreshore near Brancaster at low tide. It is about three-quarters of a mile west of the golf clubhouse and consists of material similar to compacted peat or brown coal (lignite). Remains also wash ashore after storms and can be found along the high-tide line. The material resembles black rubber but can be broken easily to reveal plant remains inside.

Governance

An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward had a population at the 2011 census of 1,293.^[3]

Branodunum – Roman settlement

There was a Roman fort and settlement here named Branodunum to the east of the modern village. The Saxon Shore fort (and the related civilian settlement, much of which was destroyed during the construction of a locally opposed housing development in the 1970s) is visible only as grass-covered mounds and remains mainly unexcavated.

Shipwreck on the beach

The wreck that used to be visible at low tide but has now been almost completely covered by the westerly drifting sand was the 1021grt coaster SS Vina which was used for target practice by the RAF before accidentally sinking in 1944. The Vina was built at Leith by Ramage & Ferguson in 1894 and was registered at Grangemouth. She was a coast-hugging general cargo ship which would have worked the crossings between the east coast of England and through to the Baltic states.

As she neared the end of her useful seagoing life in 1940, Vina was requisitioned as a naval vessel for wartime use as a blockship, carrying a crew of 12. With Great Yarmouth being a strategic port on the east coast, the ultimate fate for the ship would have been to have had her hold filled with concrete and explosives and she would have been sunk at the harbour mouth, blocking entry in the event of a Nazi invasion. Once this threat passed, she was taken out of blockship service and towed up the east coast towards Brancaster where she was used as a target for the RAF before the planned invasion of Normandy in 1944.

Originally anchored further out to sea on the Titchwell side as a target for cannon shell trials, she dragged her anchor on 20 August 1944, in a north-westerly gale and ran ashore. Numerous efforts have been made to remove the wreck from the sandbank as the ship is not only a danger to navigation but also attracts holiday makers who walk out to the vessel's remains at low tide. Various parts have been removed and, in 1968, her bronze propeller was blown off by salvagers and floated across the harbour channel. Removal efforts have long been abandoned as uneconomic.

Lives have been lost due to attempts to reach the Vina as it is on the far side of a fast-flowing tidal harbour channel. Local lifeboats and RAF rescue helicopters have been pressed into service on many occasions. A warning sign on the wreck advises anyone reaching it to return to the beach immediately.^[4]

National Trust and the beach

The beach area and some of the marshes are managed by the National Trust.

Royal West Norfolk Golf Club

The village is home to the Royal West Norfolk Golf Club., it was founded in 1892, its design being from Holcombe Ingleby.^{[citation needed]} In 2014 it was listed as the 47th best golf course in the UK and Ireland by Golf Monthly magazine.

Space programme

In the 1950s and '60s, Brancaster was considered as a possible location for the launching site for the British space programme.^[5] This idea was expanded to include the village becoming the base for a facility that could be used by a spaceplane to undertake secret flights over the USSR. Development would have meant that the village would probably have been razed and the villagers rehoused.

The eventual installation of oil rigs in the North Sea saw the idea shelved, as the risk, however slight, of atmospheric re-entry material hitting the rigs, was too great.

War memorial

Brancaster's war memorial is located in St Mary the Virgin's Churchyard and is a stone Celtic cross. It lists the following names for the First World War:


Rank	Name	Unit	Date of Death	Other Commemoration / Burial
Capt.	Charles Simms-Reeve	2nd Battalion, East Surrey Regiment	14 Feb. 1915	Menin Gate
PO	Herbert W. Harrell	HMS Cressy	22 Sep. 1914	Chatham Naval Memorial
ChSt.	P. Isaac Winterbone	HMS Vanguard	9 Jul. 1917	Chatham Naval Memorial
SSgt.	Robert E. Loynes	258th (Siege) Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery	6 Jun. 1918	Cabaret Rouge Cemetery, Souchez
LCpl.	Albert J. West	8th Battalion, East Surrey Regiment	30 Sep. 1916	Connaught Cemetery
LCpl.	Bede Guthrie	1/5th Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment	16 Aug. 1917	Tyne Cot
LCpl.	Charles R. Raven	9th Battalion, Norfolk Regiment	26 Apr. 1917	Vermelles British Cemetery
LCpl.	Charles W. Ranson	1st Battalion, Welsh Guards	28 Sep. 1918	British Cemetery, Grévillers
Pte.	Ernest Petchey	7th Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment	15 Mar. 1917	Communal Cemetery, Achiet-le-Grand
Pte.	Thomas W. Youngs	7th Battalion, Border Regiment	23 Apr. 1917	Arras Memorial
Pte.	John W. Nudds	1st Battalion, East Surrey Regiment	6 May 1917	Arras Memorial
Pte.	Herbert R. Martin	12th Battalion, East Surrey Rgt.	15 Sep. 1916	Bulls Road Cemetery
Pte.	Andrew M. King	1st Battalion, Essex Regiment	15 Aug. 1917	Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery
Pte.	Herbert Woodbine	14th Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment	22 Mar. 1918	Pozières Memorial
Pte.	Russell Southerland	120th Company, Machine Gun Corps	5 May 1917	Fifteen Ravine Cemetery, Villers-Plouich
Pte.	John H. Britton	1st Battalion, Norfolk Regiment	27 Jul. 1916	Thiepval Memorial
Pte.	Walter W. Fiddaman	1st Bn., Norfolk Rgt.	27 Jul. 1916	Thiepval Memorial
Pte.	Alfred E. Pitcher	1st Bn., Norfolk Rgt.	27 Jul. 1916	Thiepval Memorial
Pte.	Samuel Proudfoot	1/5th Battalion, Norfolk Rgt.	19 Apr. 1917	Gaza War Cemetery
Pte.	William J. Billing	7th Battalion, Norfolk Rgt.	12 Oct. 1916	Thiepval Memorial
Pte.	Herbert Youngs	7th Bn., Norfolk Rgt.	13 Oct. 1915	Loos Memorial
Pte.	Charles W. B. Matsell	9th Battalion, Norfolk Rgt.	20 Nov. 1917	Fifteen Ravine Cemetery, Villers-Plouich
Pte.	William J. Skipper	7th Battalion, Queen's Royal Regiment	28 Sep. 1916	Thiepval Memorial
Pte.	Percy Williamson	11th Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment	29 Apr. 1918	Tyne Cot

And: David Fernie, George Lake, Cyril Thompson-Large, Charles Purer and John Ramsay. As well as the following for the Second World War:


Rank	Name	Unit	Date of Death	Other Commemoration / Burial
Capt.	A. J. Julian Cory-Wright	181th (Field) Regiment, Royal Artillery	26 Jun. 1944	Tilly-sur-Seulles War Cemetery
FO	Anthony D. H. Hawley	Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve	9 Jul. 1943	La Reunion Cemetery, Béjaïa
Lt.	Jonathan F. Cory-Wright	Scots Guards	9 Apr. 1945	Rheinberg War Cemetery
Lt.	David Gilliat	Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry	1 Aug. 1944	Arezzo War Cemetery
A2C	Phyllis M. Duffield	Women's Auxiliary Air Force	2 Mar. 1942	Runnymede Memorial
LBdr.	Herbert E. Sutherland	15th (Leicestershire Yeomanry) Regiment, Royal Artillery	27 Sep. 1943	War Cemetery, Beirut

The memorial also lists the name of John Sharp DFC who was killed during the Berlin Blockade.

Notable people

John Brancastre (died 1218), churchman and administrator, was Vicar of Brancaster and was probably born in the village.
John Weatherhead (1775–1797), Royal Navy officer, was born here, son of a Rector
Captain Sir William Bolton (1777–1830), Royal Navy officer, grew up at Brancaster, where his father was Rector.
Herbert Reeve (1868–1956), Rector of Brancaster 1924 to 1945
Felicity Tree (1894–1978), socialite daughter of Herbert Beerbohm Tree, lived at Brancaster

References

^ "Civil parish population 2011". Retrieved 26 August 2015.
^ "Janet celebrates 50 years serving Brancaster Parish Council" Archived 12 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine Eastern Daily Press 30 March 2016
^ "Ward population 2011". Retrieved 27 August 2015.
^ Dowse, Julian. "TF7846 : SS Vina – Safety warning sign". Geograph Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
^ "Norfolk's place in the space race" BBC Norfolk Archived 26 January 2005 at the Wayback Machine

http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Norfolk/Brancaster

References

^ Ordnance Survey (2002). OS Explorer Map 250 – Norfolk Coast West. ISBN 0-319-21886-4.
^ Office for National Statistics & Norfolk County Council (2001). Census population and household counts for unparished urban areas and all parishes. Retrieved 2 December 2005.
'Suffolk Norfolk Life', No. 236, April 2009, pp 12–16; No. 251, July 2010, pp 32–35;& No. 263, July 2011, pp 32–36 (John Ramm)