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A blastoderm (germinal disc, blastodisc) is a single layer of embryonic epithelial tissue that makes up the blastula.^[1] It encloses the fluid-filled blastocoel. Gastrulation follows blastoderm formation, where the tips of the blastoderm begins the formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.^[2]

Formation

The blastoderm is formed when the oocyte plasma membrane begins cleaving by invagination, creating multiple cells that arrange themselves into an outer sleeve to the blastocoel.^[1]

In oviparous animals

In chicken eggs, the blastoderm represents a flat disc after embryonic fertilization.^[3] At the edge of the blastoderm is the site of active migration by most cells.^[4]

DNA repair genes are highly expressed in chicken blastoderms.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b Gilbert, Scott F. (2000). Early Drosophila Development (6 ed.). Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
^ "blastoderm". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
^ "Tutorial on chick early development". www.ucl.ac.uk. University College London.
^ Bellairs, Ruth; Osmond, Mark. Atlas of Chick Development (3 ed.). Atlas Press. p. 15–28.
^ Rengaraj D, Won S, Jung KM, Woo SJ, Lee H, Kim YM, Kim H, Han JY. Chicken blastoderms and primordial germ cells possess a higher expression of DNA repair genes and lower expression of apoptosis genes to preserve their genome stability. Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 7;12(1):49. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04417-y. PMID 34997179; PMCID: PMC8741993