Beočin (Serbian Cyrillic: Беочин, pronounced[bɛɔ̌tʃiːn]; Hungarian: Belcsény) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The population of the town is 7,274, whilst Beočin's municipality population is 13,875 (2022 census). There is also a Beočin Monastery from the 16th century in the municipality.
Name
In Serbian, the town is known as Beočin (Беочин), in Croatian as Beočin, in Hungarian as Belcsény, in German (dated) as Beotschin, in Slovak as Beočín, and in Rusyn as Беочин.
The name of the town derives from the word that came from local Serbian dialect, which in modern standard Serbian would be written as "beli otac" or in English as "white father" (the full meaning of the name is "the place that belong to white father"). The name referred to the prior of the nearby Beočin monastery.
Geography
Residential buildings in BeočinOrthodox church of Saint Vasilije Ostroški
Although it is geographically located in Syrmia, Beočin administratively belong to South Bačka District. The town of Beočin is divided into two parts: Beočin Grad ("Beočin town") and Beočin Selo ("Beočin village"). However, no matter that Beočin Selo is called a village, it is not a village but simply part of the town.
History
The existence of the Serbian Orthodoxmonastery of Beočin (which is located 2 km in the south from modern town) was first recorded by the sources in 1566-67.[3] Until the end of the 18th century, a small settlement (hamlet) existed near this monastery. During Ottoman administration, this settlement was populated by ethnic Serbs.[4]
The settlement that developed into modern Beočin was mentioned in 1702. By then the hamlet had grown into 49 households. In the beginning, it was only a village, and its basic economic activity was wine production (even today, the oldest part of Beočin is known as Beočin Selo, i.e. "Beočin village" in English). After the cement factory was opened in 1839,[5] Beočin developed into a modern town, which over time became the centre of northern Syrmia. The cement factory in Beočin is one of the largest cement factories in Europe. The new, urban part of town developed as a worker's colony and was known as Fabrika ("factory"), Beočin Fabrika ("Beočin factory") and Beočin Grad ("Beočin town").
In 1848–49, Beočin was part of Serbian Vojvodina, while from 1849 to 1860 it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar. After the abolishment of the voivodeship in 1860, Beočin was again incorporated into Syrmia County of the Kingdom of Slavonia. In 1868, Kingdom of Slavonia was joined with the Kingdom of Croatia into the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, which was part of the Kingdom of Hungary and Austria-Hungary. In 1910, population of Beočin Selo numbered 3,342 inhabitants, while population of Beočin Fabrika numbered 262 inhabitants. According to 1910 census, largest ethnic group in Beočin were Serbs, while other ethnic groups that lived in the settlement included Hungarians, Germans, Croats, and others.[7]
Until the end of World War II, Beočin was part of the Ilok municipality. Since the newly established post-WW2 border between Vojvodina (Serbia) and Croatia divided the former Ilok municipality, Beočin was included into Novi Sad municipality. Later, a separate municipality of Beočin was established. In 1948, the population of Beočin Fabrika numbered 2,144 and the population of Beočin Selo numbered 1,495.
According to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Beočin had 15,726 inhabitants.
Number of inhabitants over time
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Inhabited places
Map of Beočin municipality
Beočin municipality encompasses the town of Beočin, and the following villages:
Most of the settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority, while the village of Lug have an ethnic Slovak majority. Ethnic composition of the city:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Culture
The oldest Serb rural schools in Vojvodina were established in present-day Beočin municipality: in Grabovo (1625) and Sviloš (1695). There are also two important Serbian Orthodox monasteries: Beočin monastery, whose existence was first recorded in 1566-67 and Rakovac monastery, whose existence was first recorded in 1545-48.
Economy
The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):[9]
Activity
Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
34
Mining
13
Processing industry
996
Distribution of power, gas and water
17
Distribution of water and water waste management
76
Construction
166
Wholesale and retail, repair
423
Traffic, storage and communication
210
Hotels and restaurants
54
Media and telecommunications
7
Finance and insurance
17
Property stock and charter
-
Professional, scientific, innovative and technical activities
^Gvozden Perković, Verski objekti na tlu Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 2006, page 36.
^Dr Dušan J. Popović, Srbi u Vojvodini, knjiga 1, Novi Sad, 1990, page 110.
^Bricault, Giselle; Murphy, Pauline; Murphy, Jennifer (1992). Major Business Organizations of Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States 1992. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 549. ISBN978-94-011-2232-0.
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