Andriy Biletsky was born in 1979 in Kharkiv, Soviet Union. Biletsky's father Yevheniy Mykhailovych Biletsky hailed from an old Cossack family that founded the village of Krasnopavlivka in Kharkiv Oblast, while Biletsky's mother Olena Anatoliyivna Biletsky (née Lukashevych) descended from a noble family from Zhytomyr region, to which belong the Decembrist Vasiliy Lukashevich (Vasyl Lukashevych) who founded the "Little-Russian Secret Society".[9]
In his youth, Biletsky practiced several types of martial arts and boxing. Unlike many Ukrainians, he declined to join the Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization. Biletsky, along with senior schoolmates, raised the Ukrainian flag over his school.[17] His major patriotic influence in his youth was his father's gift of a book prohibited in the Soviet Union, History of Ukraine for Children by Anton Lototsky.[17] During the Kosovo War, Biletsky and a group of other Ukrainians attempted to join the Yugoslav Army as volunteers to fight against the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), but the war ended before they arrived at the front.[18][19][20] In 2001, Biletsky graduated with honors from the History faculty of the University of Kharkiv. His thesis was about the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.[3] The same year Biletsky participated in the Ukraine without Kuchma (UBK) protests, for which he was placed under administrative arrest. The Security Service of Ukraine pressured the university administration to expel Biletsky from the institution.
Political activism (2002–2013)
In 2002 Biletsky became a leader of the Kharkiv branch of the political organization Tryzub, and was a member of the Kharkiv section of the Social-National Party of Ukraine (SNPU), but opposed the idea of its transformation into Svoboda.[3]
After the transformation of SNPU into Svoboda and liquidation of the original Patriot of Ukraine, in 2005 Biletsky initiated a revival of the Patriot of Ukraine,[3] independent from any political factions. The new Patriot of Ukraine initially consisted of the Kharkiv branches of UNA-UNSO, Tryzub, and former SNPU. Since 2005, Biletsky also cooperated with the newly established Ukrainian Conservative Party.[citation needed]
Biletsky interviewed by Ukrainian TV after a mission near Mariupol.
During the Euromaidan events, members of the Biletsky's Patriot of Ukraine were among the founders of Right Sector on 28 November 2013. On 24 February 2014, the Ukrainian parliament adopted a decision on the freedom of political prisoners. The next day, Biletsky and other prisoners were completely acquitted of all charges and freed from custody.[citation needed]
On 12 March 2014, Biletsky became a party leader in special operations for the "Right Sector - East," which included such regions as Poltava, Kharkiv, Donetsk, and Luhanskoblasts. On 5 May 2014, in Berdyansk Biletsky became a founder of the Azov Battalion (as a territorial battalion of patrol service), and its first commander. The battalion was initially composed of members of the Patriot of Ukraine, SNA, football fans (notably Dynamo Kyiv supporters) and the AutoMaidan movement. The paramilitary unit became known as the Little black men as an opposition to the Russian special operations "Little green men".[17] It would be transformed from a militia into a regular regiment of the National Guard of Ukraine on 20 November 2014.
On 13 June 2014, Biletsky led his detachment in the successful First Battle of Mariupol. According to British military reporter Askold Krushelnycky, "Biletsky was cool in the evaluation of actions and giving orders calmly and, in my opinion, logically".[17] On 2 August 2014, Biletsky, holding a rank of Major of Militsiya,[citation needed] was awarded the Order For Courage (III degree)[21][non-primary source needed] and promoted to lieutenant colonel of police[6][7] on 15 August 2014.
On 10 September 2014, Biletsky was admitted to the military council of the People's Front, yet did not become a member of the party. On 27 September 2014, he ran as an independent candidate in the 217th electoral district (Kyiv) for the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election and won by receiving 31,445 votes (33.75%). In parliament, he joined the inter-factional group UKROP.[22] In October 2014, Ihor Mykhailenko replaced Biletsky as commander of Azov Battalion.[citation needed]
In an interview to LB.ua (Left Bank) given on 10 December 2014, Biletsky announced that the Patriot of Ukraine suspended its activities as a political organization due to the war, and would be absorbed primarily into the Azov Battalion.[23] In the same interview Biletsky said that the logo of the battalion is different from the German Wolfsangel and symbolizes Ukrainian national idea.[23]
Elected official (2016–2019)
On October 14, 2016, Biletsky was voted as the leader of the newly formed party National Corps.[24]
In October 2016 Biletsky officially left the Ukrainian National Guard because Ukrainian elected officials were barred from military service, but he vowed to continue his military career "without titles".[4]
Andriy Biletsky on the march on the Day of the Defender of Ukraine. Kyiv. 2020.
During his first three years of work in Verkhovna Rada Biletsky participated only in 2% of votes,[25] He took part in only 229 votings, taking the fifth place in the rating of deputies with the fewest votings.[26] He missed 328 sittings of the Ukrainian parliament.[27][28] He missed all sittings of the Verkhovna Rada in 2016 and did not appear in parliament as of March 2017.[29][30][31] According to a research of the Committee of Voters of Ukraine, published in August 2017, Biletsky did not write any laws that were adopted in the Verkhovna Rada. With 30 unsuccessful projects, he is in the first place among the deputies who submitted unsuccessful draft laws.[32][33][34]
In 2023 he and Azov veterans organized the 3rd Assault Brigade, Biletsky was the commander of the "Azov Tactical Group" at first, which is part of the brigade, and soon after a full commander of brigade itself.[37] The brigade constantly appears in news due to impressively successful combat results, most successful recruiting and training system,[38] along with military operations of highest quality, which are often presented on brigade's widely renowned YouTube channel.[39][40][41][5]
Political views
In 2010, Biletsky reportedly said that the Ukrainian nation's mission is to "lead the white races of the world in a final crusade...against Semite-led Untermenschen".[42][43][44] Biletsky denied ever making such remarks.[45]
In a 2007 article, Biletsky stated that "Ukrainian racial social-nationalism" was the ideology of Patriot of Ukraine.[46] During his speech at a 2009 general meeting of the party he said: "How then can we describe our enemy? The general regime in power are oligarchs. Is there anything they have in common? Yes, one thing in common – they are Jews, or their true bosses – Jews – are behind them. Out of one hundred published richest people in Ukraine 92 are Jews, and some others of Tatar origin".[47]
Until 2011 Biletsky was in favour of forming a confederation between Russia and Ukraine, with Kyiv as its capital, according to BBC News Ukrainian.[48]
In 2013 he wrote a brochure called The Word of the White Leader («Слово білого вождя»).[49] The BBC in 2014[50] and The Moscow Times[51] in 2015 described Biletsky as a white supremacist. In 2014, he was accused of being an "actual neo-Nazi" by sociologist Volodymyr Ishchenko because of his involvement in Patriot of Ukraine and Azov.[52]
In 2018, The Guardian reported that Biletsky "has toned down his rhetoric in recent years".[44]Freedom House initiative Reporting Radicalism reported as of 2022[update] that he has not publicly made racist remarks since 2014, but he does "invoke anti-LGBT+ rhetoric frequently".[53] Umland and Fedorenko wrote in 2021 that he still publicly objects to multiculturalism, but has stated "to be a Ukrainian nationalist today is to believe in values, not racial prejudice", and announced that his party does not use ethnicity to define who can, or cannot, be part of the nation Ukraine.[54]
In 2022, however, The Independent still described him as a white supremacist, while The Daily Telegraph reported that he was known as the White Leader.[55][56] According to a 2021 paper by political scientists Umland and Fedorenko, he had been known as white leader before 2014, but subsequently claimed that "if someone called me white leader face-to-face, [that person] would have been beaten".[54]
Earnings
According to the electronic declaration, in 2015, Biletsky received ₴ 58,990 (US$2,087) as salary in the Verkhovna Rada. He had ₴ 250,000 (US$8,846) in cash.[2][57] The declaration also indicated an apartment in Kyiv (see below), which was recorded as belonging to Biletsky's spouse Yuliya.[2][58][59] In the declaration for 2016, Biletsky indicated 115,652 hryvnia (US$4,423) as deputy salary, and ₴ 250,000 in cash.[60]
Personal life
From 2003 to 2016, Andriy Biletsky was married to Yuliya Oleksandrivna Biletska (née Brusenko); their son was born in 2007. In April 2016, the couple divorced.[61][62]
^ ab"Андрій Білецький" [Andriy Biletsky]. Національний Кореспондент [National Correspondent] nackor.org (in Ukrainian). 8 December 2015. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
^Shekhovstov, Anton (2013). "17: Para-Militarism to Radical Right-Wing Populism: The Rise of the Ukrainian Far-Right Party Svoboda.". In Wodak (ed.). Right-Wing Populism in Europe. Bloomsbury Academic.
^Shekhovtsov, Anton (2013). "17: From Para-Militarism to Radical Right-Wing Populism: The Rise of the Ukrainian Far-Right Party Svoboda". In Ruth Wodak (ed.). Right-Wing Populism in Europe. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 249–263. ISBN978-1780932453.
^Sommerlad, Joe (24 March 2022). "Who are Ukraine's neo-Nazi Azov Battalion?". The Independent. Retrieved 5 May 2022. It was organised by Andriy Biletsky, a white supermacist former football hooligan
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