Aeolis

Aeolis (Αἰολίς)
Ancient region of Anatolia
Ruins of the Agora of Smyrna
Map of western Anatolia with Aeolis shaded
Location	Western Anatolia, Turkey
State existed	8th-6th centuries BC (as Dodecapolis)
Language	Aeolic Greek
Biggest city	Smyrna (modern-day İzmir, Turkey)
Roman province	Asia

Aeolis (/ˈiːəlɪs/; Ancient Greek: Αἰολίς, romanized: Aiolís), or Aeolia (/iːˈoʊliə/; Ancient Greek: Αἰολία, romanized: Aiolía), was an area that comprised the west and northwestern region of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), mostly along the coast, and also several offshore islands (particularly Lesbos), where the Aeolian Greek city-states were located. Aeolis incorporated the southern parts of Mysia, and is bounded by it to the north, Ionia to the south, and Lydia to the east.

Geography

Aeolis was an ancient district on the western coast of Asia Minor. It extended along the Aegean Sea from the entrance of the Hellespont (now the Dardanelles) south to the Hermus River (now the Gediz River). It was named for the Aeolians, some of whom migrated there from Greece before 1000 BC. Aeolis was, however, an ethnological and linguistic enclave rather than a geographical unit. The district often was considered part of the larger northwest region of Mysia.

History

According to Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus, after his stay with the Cyclopes, reached the floating island of Aeolia, where Aeolus son of Hippotas provided him with the west wind Zephyrus.^[1]

By the 8th century BC the Aeolians' twelve most important cities were independent. They formed a league of twelve cities (a Dodecapolis): Cyme (also called Phriconis), Larissa, Neonteichos, Temnus, Cilla, Notion, Aegiroessa, Pitane, Aegae, Myrina, Gryneion, and Smyrna.^[2]

The most celebrated of the cities was Smyrna (modern Izmir, Turkey), but in 699 BC, Smyrna became part of an Ionian confederacy. ^{[citation needed]} This league or confederation, known as the Ionian League, also called the Panionic League, was formed at the end of the Meliac War in the mid-7th century BC.^[3]

Croesus, king of Lydia (reigned 560-546 BC), conquered the remaining cities. Later they were held successively by the Persians, Macedonians, Seleucids, and Pergamenes.^[4]

Attalus III, the last king of Pergamum, bequeathed Aeolis to the Roman Republic in 133 BC. Shortly afterwards it became part of the Roman province of Asia. At the partition of the Roman Empire (395 AD), Aeolis was assigned to the East Roman (Byzantine) empire and remained largely under Byzantine rule until the early 15th century,^{[citation needed]} when the Ottoman Turks occupied the area.^[5]

Notable people

Notes

^ "Homer, The Odyssey, Scroll 10, line 1". Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 2022-09-05. Thence we went on to the Aeolian island where lives Aeolus son of Hippotas, dear to the immortal gods. It is an island that floats (as it were) upon the sea, iron bound with a wall that girds it
^ Herodotus. The Histories: 1.149. Compare Ionian League.
^ "Recent Finds in Archaeology: Panionion Sanctuary Discovered in Southwest Turkey". Athena Review. 4 (2): 10–11. 2005. Archived from the original on 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2018-05-30.
^ Each of the cities minted coins of its own, using different gods, animals and objects as identifying city badges. See asiaminorcoins.com - ancient coins of Aeolis
^ Smyrna fell to the Seljuk Turk Tzachas in 1076, to the Turkish Beylik of Aydın about 1330 and to the Turco-Mongol Timur in 1402 (after the Siege of Smyrna).

References

Pierluigi Bonanno, Aiolis. Storia e archeologia di una regione dell’Asia Minore alla fine del II millennio a.C., USA, 2006

External links

Media related to Aeolis at Wikimedia Commons

v t e Historical regions of Anatolia
Aeolis Bithynia Cappadocia Caria Cilicia Doris Galatia Ionia Isauria Lycaonia Lycia Lydia Mysia Pamphylia Paphlagonia Phrygia Pisidia Pontus Troad

Ancient Greece

Timeline

Periods	Cycladic civilization Minoan civilization Mycenaean Greece Greek Dark Ages Archaic Greece Classical Greece Hellenistic Greece Roman Greece
Geography	Aegean Sea Aeolis Crete Cyrenaica Cyprus Doris Epirus Hellespont Ionia Ionian Sea Macedonia Magna Graecia Peloponnesus Pontus Taurica Ancient Greek colonies

City states

Kingdoms

Federations/
Confederations

Doric Hexapolis (c. 1100 – c. 560 BC)
Italiote League (c. 800–389 BC)
Ionian League (c. 650–404 BC)
Peloponnesian League (c. 550–366 BC)
Amphictyonic League (c. 595–279 BC)
Acarnanian League (c. 500–31 BC)
Hellenic League (499–449 BC)
Delian League (478–404 BC)
Chalcidian League (430–348 BC)
Boeotian League (c. 424–c. 395 BC)
Aetolian League (c. 400–188 BC)
Second Athenian League (378–355 BC)
Thessalian League (374–196 BC)
Arcadian League (370–c. 230 BC)
Epirote League (370–168 BC)
League of Corinth (338–322 BC)
Euboean League (c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
Achaean League (280–146 BC)

Politics

Boule Free city Koinon Proxeny Stasis Tagus Tyrant
Athenian	Agora Areopagus Ecclesia Graphe paranomon Heliaia Ostracism
Spartan	Ekklesia Ephor Gerousia
Macedon	Synedrion Koinon

Military

People

List of ancient Greeks
Rulers	Kings of Argos Archons of Athens Kings of Athens Kings of Commagene Diadochi Kings of Macedonia Kings of Paionia Attalid kings of Pergamon Kings of Pontus Ptolemaic dynasty Seleucid dynasty Kings of Sparta Tyrants of Syracuse
Artists & scholars	Astronomers Geographers Historians Mathematicians Philosophers Playwrights Poets Seven Sages Writers
Philosophers	Anaxagoras Anaximander Anaximenes Antisthenes Aristotle Democritus Diogenes of Sinope Empedocles Epicurus Gorgias Heraclitus Hypatia Leucippus Parmenides Plato Protagoras Pythagoras Socrates Thales Zeno
Authors	Aeschylus Aesop Alcaeus Archilochus Aristophanes Bacchylides Euripides Herodotus Hesiod Hipponax Homer Ibycus Lucian Menander Mimnermus Panyassis Philocles Pindar Plutarch Polybius Sappho Simonides Sophocles Stesichorus Theognis Thucydides Timocreon Tyrtaeus Xenophon
Others	Athenian statesmen Lawgivers Olympic victors Tyrants
By culture	Ancient Greek tribes Thracian Greeks Ancient Macedonians

Society

Arts and science

Religion

Funeral and burial practices Mythology mythological figures Temple Twelve Olympians Underworld
Sacred places	Eleusis Delphi Delos Dion Dodona Mount Olympus Olympia

Structures

Athenian Treasury Lion Gate Long Walls Philippeion Theatre of Dionysus Tunnel of Eupalinos
Temples	Aphaea Artemis Athena Nike Erechtheion Hephaestus Hera, Olympia Parthenon Samothrace Zeus, Olympia

Language

Proto-Greek
Mycenaean
Homeric
Dialects
- Aeolic
- Arcadocypriot
- Attic
- Doric
- Epirote
- Ionic
- Locrian
- Macedonian
- Pamphylian
Koine

Writing

Greek colonisation

Magna Graecia

Mainland Italy	Alision Brentesion Caulonia Chone Croton Cumae Elea Heraclea Lucania Hipponion Hydrus Krimisa Laüs Locri Medma Metauros Metapontion Neápolis Pandosia (Lucania) Poseidonia Pixous Rhegion Scylletium Siris Sybaris Sybaris on the Traeis Taras Terina Thurii
Sicily	Akragas Akrai Akrillai Apollonia Calacte Casmenae Catana Gela Helorus Henna Heraclea Minoa Himera Hybla Gereatis Hybla Heraea Kamarina Leontinoi Megara Hyblaea Messana Naxos Segesta Selinous Syracuse Tauromenion Thermae Tyndaris

Black Sea
basin

North coast	Akra Borysthenes Charax Chersonesus Dioscurias Gorgippia Hermonassa Kalos Limen Kepoi Kerkinitis Kimmerikon Myrmekion Nikonion Nymphaion Olbia Pantikapaion Phanagoria Pityus Tanais Theodosia Tyras Tyritake
South coast	Abonoteichos Amisos Anchialos Apollonia Athina Bathus Dionysopolis Cotyora Cytorus Eupatoria Heraclea Kerasous Mesambria Odessos Oinòe Phasis Polemonion Rhizos Salmydessus Sesamus Sinope Thèrmae Tium Trapezous Tripolis Zaliche

Lists
Cities in Epirus People Place names Stoae Temples Theatres

v t e Ancient kingdoms of Anatolia
Bronze Age	Ahhiyawa Arzawa Assuwa League Carchemish Hapalla Hatti Hayasa-Azzi Hittite Empire Hurrian States (Isuwa, Kizzuwatna, Mitanni) Kalašma Kaskia Kussara Lukka Luwia Miletus Mira Mysia Nairi Pala Pisidia/Sagalassos Purushanda Seha Shupria Urshu Urumu Wilusa/Troy Zalpuwa
Iron Age	Aeolia Caria Cimmerians Colchis Diauehi Doris Etiuni Ionia Lycia Lydia Mushki Neo-Hittites (Atuna, Carchemish, Gurgum, Ḫilakku, Kammanu, Kummuh, Quwê, Tabal) Phrygia Urartu
Classical Age	Antigonids Armenia Armenia Minor Bithynia Cappadocia Cilicia Commagene Galatia Gordyene Osroene Paphlagonia Pergamon Pontus
Turkey portal

39°12′N 26°42′E / 39.2°N 26.7°E / 39.2; 26.7

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