66th United States Congress

66th United States Congress
65th ←
→ 67th
United States Capitol (1906)
March 4, 1919 – March 4, 1921
Members96 senators
435 representatives
5 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityRepublican
Senate PresidentThomas R. Marshall (D)
House majorityRepublican
House SpeakerFrederick H. Gillett (R)
Sessions
1st: May 19, 1919 – November 19, 1919
2nd: December 1, 1919 – June 5, 1920
3rd: December 6, 1920 – March 3, 1921

The 66th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprising the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.[1][2] It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1919, to March 4, 1921, during the last two years of Woodrow Wilson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census.

The Republicans won majorities in both the House and the Senate, thus taking control of both chambers.

This is the last congress to have no female members of congress in the House of Representatives, and thus the last time there was an all-male congress (several subsequent congresses, up to the 96th Congress, would have periods with no women in the Senate but several in the House).[3]

Major legislation

Major events

Main articles: 1919 in the United States, 1920 in the United States, and 1921 in the United States

A brief special session was called by President Wilson in March 1919, because of a filibuster that had successfully blocked appropriations bills needed to fund day-to-day government operations.[4]

Constitutional amendments

Treaties

Party summary

Senate

  • Senate membership
  • Beginning of the Congress
    Beginning of the Congress
  • Ending of the Congress
    Ending of the Congress
Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic
(D) 		Republican
(R)
End of previous congress 51 45 96 0
Begin 47 49 96 0
End 46 50
Final voting share 47.9% 52.1%
Beginning of next congress 37 59 96 0

House of Representatives

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic
(D) 		Socialist
(Soc.)		Farmer-
Labor
(FL)		Republican
(R)		Independent
Republican
(IR)		Prohibition
(Proh.)		Other
End of previous congress 211 1 0 212 0 1 3[a] 428 7
Begin 191 1 1 238 0 1 0 432 3
End 187 0 1 4287
Final voting share 43.7% 0.0% 0.2% 55.6% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 131 1 0 299 1 0 0 432 3
  • House membership
  • Beginning of the Congress
    Beginning of the Congress
  • Ending of the Congress
    Ending of the Congress

Leadership

Senate leadership

Senate president
Senate President Thomas R. Marshall
Thomas R. Marshall (D)
Senate president pro tempore
Senate President pro tempore Albert B. Cummins
Albert B. Cummins (R)

Presiding

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

House leadership

House Speaker
Speaker of the House Frederick H. Gillett
Frederick H. Gillett (R)

Presiding

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Members

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1920; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1922; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1924.

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 5
  • Deaths: 2
  • Resignations: 2
  • Vacancy: 0
  • Total seats with changes: 4
State Senator Reason for vacancy Successor Date of successor's installation
Virginia
(2) 		Thomas S. Martin (D) Died November 12, 1919. Successor was appointed and subsequently elected. Carter Glass (D) February 2, 1920
Alabama
(2) 		John H. Bankhead (D) Died March 1, 1920. Successor was appointed. B. B. Comer (D) March 5, 1920
Alabama
(2) 		B. B. Comer (D) Successor was elected. J. Thomas Heflin (D) November 3, 1920
Ohio
(3) 		Warren G. Harding (R) Resigned January 13, 1921, after being elected President of the United States.
Successor was appointed having already been elected to the next term. 		Frank B. Willis (R) January 14, 1921
Idaho
(3) 		John F. Nugent (D) Resigned January 14, 1921, after losing election and subsequently being appointed to the Federal Trade Commission.
Successor was appointed having already been elected to the next term.. 		Frank R. Gooding (R) January 15, 1921

House of Representatives

  • Replacements: 23
  • Deaths: 13
  • Resignations: 10
  • Contested elections: 3
  • Total seats with changes: 32
District Vacated by Reason for vacancy Successor Date of successor's installation
Texas 12th Vacant Rep. James C. Wilson died during previous congress Fritz G. Lanham (D) April 19, 1919
Virginia 8th Vacant Rep. Charles C. Carlin resigned during previous congress R. Walton Moore (D) April 19, 1919
Kentucky 8th Vacant Rep. Harvey Helm died during previous congress King Swope (R) August 1, 1919
Louisiana 1st Albert Estopinal (D) Died April 28, 1919 James O'Connor (D) June 5, 1919
Alaska Territory Charles A. Sulzer (D) Died April 28, 1919 George B. Grigsby (D) June 30, 1920
Alabama 7th John L. Burnett (D) Died May 13, 1919 Lilius Bratton Rainey (D) September 30, 1919
Minnesota 4th Carl Van Dyke (D) Died May 20, 1919 Oscar Keller (R) July 1, 1919
South Carolina 6th J. Willard Ragsdale (D) Died July 23, 1919 Philip H. Stoll (D) October 7, 1919
South Carolina 7th Asbury F. Lever (D) Resigned August 1, 1919, after becoming member of the Federal Farm Loan Board Edward C. Mann (D) October 7, 1919
Oklahoma 5th Joseph B. Thompson (D) Died September 18, 1919 John W. Harreld (R) November 8, 1919
Massachusetts 10th John F. Fitzgerald (D) Lost contested election October 23, 1919 Peter F. Tague (D) October 23, 1919
North Carolina 9th Edwin Y. Webb (D) Resigned November 10, 1919, after being appointed to the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina Clyde R. Hoey (D) December 16, 1919
Wisconsin 5th Victor L. Berger (Socialist) Ousted November 10, 1919, due to his conviction under the Espionage Act of 1917 Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Missouri 3rd Joshua W. Alexander (D) Resigned December 15, 1919, after being appointed United States Secretary of Commerce Jacob L. Milligan (D) February 14, 1920
Virginia 4th Walter A. Watson (D) Died December 24, 1919 Patrick H. Drewry (D) April 27, 1920
New York 10th Reuben L. Haskell (R) Resigned December 31, 1919 Lester D. Volk (R) November 2, 1920
New York 14th Fiorello H. La Guardia (R) Resigned December 31, 1919, after being elected President of the New York City Board of Aldermen Nathan D. Perlman (R) November 2, 1920
Pennsylvania 3rd J. Hampton Moore (R) Resigned January 4, 1920, after being elected Mayor of Philadelphia Harry C. Ransley (R) November 2, 1920
Virginia 5th Edward W. Saunders (D) Resigned February 29, 1920, after being elected judge of the State Supreme Court of Appeals Rorer A. James (D) June 1, 1920
Philippines At-large Teodoro R. Yangco Term expired March 3, 1920 Isauro Gabaldon March 4, 1920
New Jersey 1st William J. Browning (R) Died March 24, 1920 Francis F. Patterson Jr. (R) November 2, 1920
Michigan 13th Charles A. Nichols (R) Died April 25, 1920 Clarence J. McLeod (R) November 2, 1920
New York 26th Edmund Platt (R) Resigned June 7, 1920, after being appointed to the Federal Reserve Board Hamilton Fish III (R) November 2, 1920
Oklahoma 8th Dick T. Morgan (R) Died July 4, 1920 Charles Swindall (R) November 2, 1920
Alabama 5th J. Thomas Heflin (D) Resigned November 1, 1920, after being elected to the U.S. Senate William B. Bowling (D) December 14, 1920
Pennsylvania At-large Mahlon M. Garland (R) Died November 19, 1920 Seat remained vacant until next Congress
New York 3rd John MacCrate (R) Resigned December 30, 1920, after being elected justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Massachusetts 9th Alvan T. Fuller (R) Resigned January 5, 1921, after being elected Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Missouri 4th Charles F. Booher (D) Died January 21, 1921 Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Alabama 4th Fred L. Blackmon (D) Died February 8, 1921 Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Pennsylvania 10th Patrick McLane (D) Lost contested election February 25, 1921 John R. Farr (R) February 25, 1921
Alaska Territory George B. Grigsby (D) Lost contested election March 1, 1921 James Wickersham (R) March 1, 1921
Missouri 9th Champ Clark (D) Died March 2, 1921 having already been defeated for re-election Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

References

  1. ^ Progressive
  1. ^ Rogers, Lindsay (1921). "The Third Session of the Sixty-Sixth Congress, December 6, 1920--March 4, 1921: The Ligislative Record". American Political Science Review. 15 (3): 366–372. doi:10.2307/1946693. ISSN 0003-0554.
  2. ^ Rogers, Lindsay (1921). "The Third Session of the Sixty-Sixth Congress, December 6, 1920--March 4, 1921: Notes on Procedure". American Political Science Review. 15 (3): 372–379. doi:10.2307/1946694. ISSN 0003-0554.
  3. ^ "Women Members by Congress, 1917–Present | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
  4. ^ The official U.S. Senate website provides the full story of this filibuster as part of a biography of Charles P. Higgins[1], the Senate Sergeant-at-Arms who was the only Democrat to fill that office in a space of almost forty years.
  5. ^ Senator Augustus O. Stanley (D-Kentucky) was elected but chose not to take his seat until May 19, 1919, preferring to continue his term as Governor of Kentucky. However, Stanley was duly elected and qualified and was therefore a Senator despite not taking his seat for two months.