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46 Hestia
	3D convex shape model of 46 Hestia
Discovery
Discovered by	Norman Robert Pogson
Discovery date	16 August 1857
Designations
MPC designation	(46) Hestia
Pronunciation	/ˈhɛstiə/
Named after	Hestia
Minor planet category	main belt
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 31 December 2006 (JD 2454100.5)
Aphelion	2.961 AU (442.886 Gm)
Perihelion	2.091 AU (312.736 Gm)
Semi-major axis	2.526 AU (377.811 Gm)
Eccentricity	0.172
Orbital period (sidereal)	4.01 a (1465.958 d)
Mean anomaly	45.401°
Inclination	2.342°
Longitude of ascending node	181.168°
Argument of perihelion	176.882°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	124.1 km
Mass	3.5×1018 kg
Mean density	5.81 ± 0.87 g/cm3
Synodic rotation period	21.04 h
Geometric albedo	0.052
Spectral type	C
Absolute magnitude (H)	8.36

46 Hestia is a large, dark main-belt asteroid. It is also the primary body of the Hestia clump, a group of asteroids with similar orbits.

Hestia was discovered by N. R. Pogson on 16 August 1857, at the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford. Pogson awarded the honour of naming it to William Henry Smyth, the previous owner of the telescope used for the discovery. Smyth chose to name it after Hestia, Greek goddess of the hearth.^[6] This created a problem in Greek, where 4 Vesta also goes by the name Hestia.

The computed Lyapunov time for this asteroid is 30,000 years, indicating that it occupies a chaotic orbit that will change randomly over time because of gravitational perturbations of the planets.^[7]

Hestia has been studied by radar.^[8] 13-cm radar observations of this asteroid from the Arecibo Observatory between 1980 and 1985 were used to produce a diameter estimate of 131 km.^[9] In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but the effort came up empty.^[10]

Properties

Photometric observations made in 2012 at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico produced a light curve with a period of 21.040 ± 0.001 hours. There are two brightness minima, having luminosity variations of 0.05 and 0.12 in magnitude, respectively.^[5]

In 2000, Michalak estimated Hestia to have a mass of 3.5×10¹⁸ kg.^[3]^[11]

Even though Hestia is only about 124 km in diameter,^[2] in 1997, Bange and Bec-Borsenberger estimated Hestia as having a mass of 2.1×10¹⁹ kg, based on a perturbation by 19 Fortuna.^[12]^[13]^[14] This older 1997 estimate would give it a density of 14+ g/cm³^[12] and make Hestia more massive than several much larger asteroids.

References

^ "Hestia". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yeomans, Donald K. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 46 Hestia" (2008-06-28 last obs). Retrieved 10 November 2008.
^ ^a ^b Michalak, G. (2001). "Determination of asteroid masses". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 374 (2): 703–711. Bibcode:2001A&A...374..703M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010731.
^ Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids", Planetary and Space Science, 73 (1): 98–118, arXiv:1203.4336, Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009, S2CID 119226456. See Table 1.
^ ^a ^b Pilcher, Frederick (July 2012). "Rotation Period Determinations for 46 Hestia, 223 Rosa, 225 Henrietta, 266 Aline, 750 Oskar, and 765 Mattiaca". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 39 (3): 171–173. Bibcode:2012MPBu...39..171P.
^ Schmadel, Lutz (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names (fifth ed.). Germany: Springer. p. 19. ISBN 3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
^ Šidlichovský, M. (1999), Svoren, J.; Pittich, E. M.; Rickman, H. (eds.), "Resonances and chaos in the asteroid belt", Evolution and source regions of asteroids and comets : proceedings of the 173rd colloquium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Tatranska Lomnica, Slovak Republic, August 24–28, 1998, pp. 297–308, Bibcode:1999esra.conf..297S.
^ "Radar-Detected Asteroids and Comets". NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
^ Ostro, S. J.; et al. (August 1985), "Mainbelt asteroids - Dual-polarization radar observations", Science, 229 (4712): 442–446, Bibcode:1985Sci...229..442O, doi:10.1126/science.229.4712.442, PMID 17738665, S2CID 38234273.
^ Gradie, J.; Flynn, L. (March 1988), "A Search for Satellites and Dust Belts Around Asteroids: Negative Results", Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, vol. 19, pp. 405–406, Bibcode:1988LPI....19..405G.
^ (2000 mass estimate of 46 Hestia 0.018 / Mass of Ceres 4.75) * Mass of Ceres 9.43E+20 = 3.573E+18
^ ^a ^b Bange, J.-F.; Bec-Borsenberger, A. (August 1997). "DETERMINATION OF THE MASSES OF MINOR PLANETS" (PDF). Proceedings of the ESA Symposium `Hipparcos - Venice '97', 13–16 May, Venice, Italy, ESA SP-402 (July 1997). pp. 169–172. Bibcode:1997ESASP.402..169B. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2004. Retrieved 10 November 2008.
^ Baer, James; Steven R. Chesley (2007). "Astrometric masses of 21 asteroids, and an integrated asteroid ephemeris". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 100 (2008). Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007: 27–42. Bibcode:2008CeMDA.100...27B. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9103-8.
^ (Older mass estimate of Hestia 0.109 / Mass of Ceres 4.75) * Mass of Ceres 9.43E+20 = 2.163E+19