3063 Makhaon

3063 Makhaon
Discovery [1]
Discovered byL. G. Karachkina
Discovery siteCrimean Astrophysical Obs.
Discovery date4 August 1983
Designations
(3063) Makhaon
Pronunciation/məˈk.ɒn/[2]
Named after
Machaon[3]
(Greek mythology)[3]
1983 PV · 1931 DT
1964 YL · 1971 OE
1971 QK1 · 1975 VT6
Jupiter trojan[1][4][5]
Greek[6][7] · Makhaon[8]
AdjectivesMakhaonian
Orbital characteristics[4]
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc87.67 yr (32,023 d)
Aphelion5.5153 AU
Perihelion4.9067 AU
5.2110 AU
Eccentricity0.0584
11.90 yr (4,345 d)
201.39°
0° 4m 58.44s / day
Inclination12.162°
287.87°
205.34°
Jupiter MOID0.2659 AU
TJupiter2.9520
Physical characteristics
111.65±1.54 km[9]
114.34±2.77 km[10]
116.14±4.4 km[11]
8.64±0.01 h[5][12][a]
0.0476±0.004[11]
0.049±0.003[10]
0.056±0.005[9]
D (S3OS2)[13]
V–I = 0.830±0.022[5]
B–R = 1.230±0.033[5]
8.4[1][4][5]
8.5[9]
8.60[10][11]

3063 Makhaon /məˈk.ɒn/ is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 114 kilometers (71 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 4 August 1983, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Karachkina at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula.[1] The dark D-type asteroid is the principal body of the proposed Makhaon family and belongs to the 20 largest Jupiter trojans having a rotation period of 8.6 hours.[5] It was named after the legendary healer Machaon from Greek mythology.[3]

Orbit and classification

Makhaon is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's L4 Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of its orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy).[6]

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.9–5.5 AU once every 11 years and 11 months (4,345 days; semi-major axis of 5.21 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.[4] The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Lowell Observatory in February 1931, more than 52 years prior to its official discovery observation at Nauchnij.[1]

Makhaon family

Fernando Roig and Ricardo Gil-Hutton identified Makhaon as the principal body of a small Jovian asteroid family, using the hierarchical clustering method (HCM), which looks for groupings of neighboring asteroids based on the smallest distances between them in the proper orbital element space. According to the astronomers, the Makhaon family belongs to the larger Menelaus clan, an aggregation of Jupiter trojans which is composed of several families, similar to the Flora family in the inner asteroid belt.[8]: 9, 10 

However this family is not included in David Nesvorný's HCM-analysis from 2014.[14][15] Instead, Makhaon is listed as a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population on the Asteroids Dynamic Site (AstDyS) which based on another analysis by Milani and Knežević.[7]

Naming

This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after the legendary healer Machaon, a physician to the Greek troops during the Trojan War as mentioned in Homer's Iliad. He is the son of Asclepius and Epione and brother of Hygieia, Podalirius (who was also a physician) and Panacea.[3] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 26 March 1986 (M.P.C. 10547).[16]

Physical characteristics

In both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Makhaon is a dark D-type asteroid, the most common spectral type among the Jupiter trojans.[13][15] It is also an assumed C-type asteroid with a V–I color index of 0.83, lower than most larger D-types. It has a B–R magnitude of 1.23 –the difference in magnitude between the blue and red filter – indicating a spectra redder than that of the Sun, which has a B–R mag of 1.03.[5]

Rotation period

Several rotational lightcurves of Makhaon have been obtained since its first photometric observation by Richard Binzel in 1988. It gave a rotation period of 17.3 hours (U=2).[17] In November 2009, French amateur astronomer René Roy measured a period of 2.6 hours from a fragmentary lightcurve based on a single-night observation.(U=1).[18]

Italian astronomer Stefano Mottola reported a period of 8.6354 and 8.648 taken from observation at La Silla Observatory, Chile, in June 1994, and from Calar Alto Observatory, Spain, in December 2009 with a low brightness variation of 0.06 and 0.09, respectively (U=2/2).[19]

In December 2010 and April 2014, follow-up observations by Daniel Coley in collaboration with Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies and the Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station (G79) rendered a period of 8.64 and 8.45 hours and an amplitude of 0.15 magnitude (U=2/2-). The result shows that Binzel's first measurement was probably an alternative period solution (i.e. twice the actual period).[5][20][12][a]

In February 2013, Michael Alkema at the Elephant Head Observatory (G35) in Arizona reported a concurring period of 8.639 hours with a brightness variation of 0.08 magnitude (U=2).[21]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Makhaon measures between 111.65 and 116.14 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0476 and 0.056.[9][10][11] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0569 and a diameter of 116.35 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.4.[5]

100+ largest Jupiter trojans
Largest Jupiter Trojans by survey(A)
(mean-diameter in kilometers; YoD: Year of Discovery)
Designation H WISE IRAS Akari Ln RP V–I YoD Ref
624 Hektor 7.2 225 233 230.99 L4 6.92 0.930 1907 list
617 Patroclus 8.19 140.362 140.92 140.85 L5 102.80 0.830 1906 list
911 Agamemnon 7.89 131.038 166.66 185.30 L4 6.59 0.980 1919 list
588 Achilles 8.67 130.099 135.47 133.22 L4 7.31 0.940 1906 list
3451 Mentor 8.4 126.288 116.30 117.91 L5 7.70 0.770 1984 list
3317 Paris 8.3 118.790 116.26 120.45 L5 7.09 0.950 1984 list
1867 Deiphobus 8.3 118.220 122.67 131.31 L5 58.66 0.930 1971 list
1172 Äneas 8.33 118.020 142.82 148.66 L5 8.71 0.950 1930 list
1437 Diomedes 8.3 117.786 164.31 172.60 L4 24.49 0.810 1937 list
1143 Odysseus 7.93 114.624 125.64 130.81 L4 10.11 0.860 1930 list
2241 Alcathous 8.64 113.682 114.63 118.87 L5 7.69 0.940 1979 list
659 Nestor 8.99 112.320 108.87 107.06 L4 15.98 0.790 1908 list
3793 Leonteus 8.7 112.046 86.26 87.58 L4 5.62 0.780 1985 list
3063 Makhaon 8.4 111.655 116.14 114.34 L4 8.64 0.830 1983 list
1583 Antilochus 8.6 108.842 101.62 111.69 L4 31.54 0.950 1950 list
884 Priamus 8.81 101.093 96.29 119.99 L5 6.86 0.900 1917 list
1208 Troilus 8.99 100.477 103.34 111.36 L5 56.17 0.740 1931 list
1173 Anchises 8.89 99.549 126.27 120.49 L5 11.60 0.780 1930 list
2207 Antenor 8.89 97.658 85.11 91.32 L5 7.97 0.950 1977 list
2363 Cebriones 9.11 95.976 81.84 84.61 L5 20.05 0.910 1977 list
4063 Euforbo 8.7 95.619 102.46 106.38 L4 8.85 0.950 1989 list
2357 Phereclos 8.94 94.625 94.90 98.45 L5 14.39 0.960 1981 list
4709 Ennomos 8.5 91.433 80.85 80.03 L5 12.28 0.690 1988 list
2797 Teucer 8.7 89.430 111.14 113.99 L4 10.15 0.920 1981 list
2920 Automedon 8.8 88.574 111.01 113.11 L4 10.21 0.950 1981 list
15436 Dexius 9.1 87.646 85.71 78.63 L4 8.97 0.870 1998 list
3596 Meriones 9.2 87.380 75.09 73.28 L4 12.96 0.830 1985 list
2893 Peiroos 9.23 86.884 87.46 86.76 L5 8.96 0.950 1975 list
4086 Podalirius 9.1 85.495 86.89 85.98 L4 10.43 0.870 1985 list
4060 Deipylos 9.3 84.043 79.21 86.79 L4 9.30 0.760 1987 list
1404 Ajax 9.3 83.990 81.69 96.34 L4 29.38 0.960 1936 list
4348 Poulydamas 9.5 82.032 70.08 87.51 L5 9.91 0.840 1988 list
5144 Achates 9.0 80.958 91.91 89.85 L5 5.96 0.920 1991 list
4833 Meges 8.9 80.165 87.33 89.39 L4 14.25 0.940 1989 list
2223 Sarpedon 9.41 77.480 94.63 108.21 L5 22.74 0.880 1977 list
4489 Dracius 9.0 76.595 92.93 95.02 L4 12.58 0.950 1988 list
2260 Neoptolemus 9.31 76.435 71.65 81.28 L4 8.18 0.950 1975 list
5254 Ulysses 9.2 76.147 78.34 80.00 L4 28.72 0.970 1986 list
3708 Socus 9.3 75.661 79.59 76.75 L5 6.55 0.980 1974 list
2674 Pandarus 9.1 74.267 98.10 101.72 L5 8.48 1.000 1982 list
3564 Talthybius 9.4 73.730 68.92 74.11 L4 40.59 0.900 1985 list
4834 Thoas 9.1 72.331 86.82 96.21 L4 18.19 0.950 1989 list
7641 Cteatus 9.4 71.839 68.97 75.28 L4 27.77 0.980 1986 list
3540 Protesilaos 9.3 70.225 76.84 87.66 L4 8.95 0.940 1973 list
11395 Iphinous 9.8 68.977 64.71 67.78 L4 17.38 1998 list
4035 Thestor 9.6 68.733 68.23 66.99 L4 13.47 0.970 1986 list
5264 Telephus 9.4 68.472 73.26 81.38 L4 9.53 0.970 1991 list
1868 Thersites 9.5 68.163 70.08 78.89 L4 10.48 0.960 1960 list
9799 Thronium 9.6 68.033 64.87 72.42 L4 21.52 0.910 1996 list
4068 Menestheus 9.5 67.625 62.37 68.46 L4 14.40 0.950 1973 list
23135 Pheidas 9.9 66.230 58.29 68.50 L4 8.69 0.860 2000 list
2456 Palamedes 9.3 65.916 91.66 99.60 L4 7.24 0.920 1966 list
3709 Polypoites 9.1 65.297 99.09 85.23 L4 10.04 1.000 1985 list
1749 Telamon 9.5 64.898 81.06 69.14 L4 16.98 0.970 1949 list
3548 Eurybates 9.6 63.885 72.14 68.40 L4 8.71 0.730 1973 list
4543 Phoinix 9.7 63.836 62.79 69.54 L4 38.87 1.200 1989 list
12444 Prothoon 9.8 63.835 64.31 62.41 L5 15.82 1996 list
4836 Medon 9.5 63.277 67.73 78.70 L4 9.82 0.920 1989 list
16070 Charops 9.7 63.191 64.13 68.98 L5 20.24 0.960 1999 list
15440 Eioneus 9.6 62.519 66.48 71.88 L4 21.43 0.970 1998 list
4715 Medesicaste 9.7 62.097 63.91 65.93 L5 8.81 0.850 1989 list
34746 Thoon 9.8 61.684 60.51 63.63 L5 19.63 0.950 2001 list
38050 Bias 9.8 61.603 61.04 50.44 L4 18.85 0.990 1998 list
5130 Ilioneus 9.7 60.711 59.40 52.49 L5 14.77 0.960 1989 list
5027 Androgeos 9.6 59.786 57.86 n.a. L4 11.38 0.910 1988 list
6090 Aulis 9.4 59.568 74.53 81.92 L4 18.48 0.980 1989 list
5648 Axius 9.7 59.295 63.91 n.a. L5 37.56 0.900 1990 list
7119 Hiera 9.7 59.150 76.40 77.29 L4 400 0.950 1989 list
4805 Asteropaios 10.0 57.647 53.16 43.44 L5 12.37 1990 list
16974 Iphthime 9.8 57.341 55.43 57.15 L4 78.9 0.960 1998 list
4867 Polites 9.8 57.251 58.29 64.29 L5 11.24 1.010 1989 list
2895 Memnon 10.0 56.706 55.67 n.a. L5 7.50 0.710 1981 list
4708 Polydoros 9.9 54.964 55.67 n.a. L5 7.52 0.960 1988 list
(21601) 1998 XO89 10.0 54.909 55.67 56.08 L4 12.65 0.970 1998 list
12929 Periboea 9.9 54.077 61.04 55.34 L5 9.27 0.880 1999 list
17492 Hippasos 10.0 53.975 55.67 n.a. L5 17.75 1991 list
5652 Amphimachus 10.1 53.921 53.16 52.48 L4 8.37 1.050 1992 list
2759 Idomeneus 9.9 53.676 61.01 52.55 L4 32.38 0.910 1980 list
5258 Rhoeo 10.2 53.275 50.77 n.a. L4 19.85 1.010 1989 list
(12126) 1999 RM11 10.1 53.202 n.a. n.a. L5 n.a. ? 1999 list
(15502) 1999 NV27 10.0 53.100 55.67 50.86 L5 15.13 0.875 1999 list
4754 Panthoos 10.0 53.025 53.15 56.96 L5 27.68 1977 list
4832 Palinurus 10.0 52.058 53.16 n.a. L5 5.32 1.000 1988 list
5126 Achaemenides 10.5 51.922 44.22 48.57 L4 53.02 1989 list
3240 Laocoon 10.2 51.695 50.77 n.a. L5 11.31 0.880 1978 list
4902 Thessandrus 9.8 51.263 61.04 71.79 L4 738 0.960 1989 list
11552 Boucolion 10.1 51.136 53.16 53.91 L5 32.44 1993 list
(20729) 1999 XS143 10.4 50.961 46.30 n.a. L4 5.72 1.000 1999 list
6545 Leitus 10.1 50.951 53.16 n.a. L4 16.26 0.910 1986 list
4792 Lykaon 10.1 50.870 53.16 n.a. L5 40.09 0.960 1988 list
21900 Orus 10.0 50.810 55.67 53.87 L4 13.45 0.950 1999 list
1873 Agenor 10.1 50.799 53.76 54.38 L5 20.60 1971 list
5028 Halaesus 10.2 50.770 50.77 n.a. L4 24.94 0.900 1988 list
2146 Stentor 9.9 50.755 58.29 n.a. L4 16.40 1976 list
4722 Agelaos 10.0 50.378 53.16 59.47 L5 18.44 0.910 1977 list
5284 Orsilocus 10.1 50.159 53.16 n.a. L4 10.31 0.970 1989 list
11509 Thersilochos 10.1 49.960 53.16 56.23 L5 17.37 1990 list
5285 Krethon 10.1 49.606 58.53 52.61 L4 12.04 1.090 1989 list
4791 Iphidamas 10.1 49.528 57.85 59.96 L5 9.70 1.030 1988 list
9023 Mnesthus 10.1 49.151 50.77 60.80 L5 30.66 1988 list
5283 Pyrrhus 9.7 48.356 64.58 69.93 L4 7.32 0.950 1989 list
4946 Askalaphus 10.2 48.209 52.71 66.10 L4 22.73 0.940 1988 list
(22149) 2000 WD49 10.2 48.190 50.77 50.37 L4 7.84 1.090 2000 list
(32496) 2000 WX182 10.2 48.017 50.77 51.63 L5 23.34 0.950 2000 list
5120 Bitias 10.2 47.987 50.77 n.a. L5 15.21 0.780 1988 list
12714 Alkimos 10.1 47.819 61.04 54.62 L4 28.48 1991 list
7352 Hypsenor 9.9 47.731 55.67 47.07 L5 648 0.850 1994 list
1870 Glaukos 10.6 47.649 42.23 n.a. L5 5.99 1971 list
4138 Kalchas 10.1 46.462 53.16 61.04 L4 29.2 0.810 1973 list
(23958) 1998 VD30 10.2 46.001 50.77 47.91 L4 562 0.990 1998 list
4828 Misenus 10.4 45.954 46.30 43.22 L5 12.87 0.920 1988 list
4057 Demophon 10.1 45.683 53.16 n.a. L4 29.82 1.060 1985 list
4501 Eurypylos 10.4 45.524 46.30 n.a. L4 6.05 1989 list
4007 Euryalos 10.3 45.515 48.48 53.89 L4 6.39 1973 list
5259 Epeigeus 10.3 44.741 42.59 44.42 L4 18.42 1989 list
30705 Idaios 10.4 44.546 46.30 n.a. L5 15.74 1977 list
16560 Daitor 10.7 43.861 51.42 43.38 L5 1991 list
(15977) 1998 MA11 10.4 43.530 46.30 51.53 L5 250 0.906 1998 list
7543 Prylis 10.6 42.893 42.23 n.a. L4 17.80 1973 list
4827 Dares 10.5 42.770 44.22 n.a. L5 19.00 1988 list
1647 Menelaus 10.5 42.716 44.22 n.a. L4 17.74 0.866 1957 list
(A) Used sources: WISE/NEOWISE catalog (NEOWISE_DIAM_V1 PDS, Grav, 2012); IRAS data (SIMPS v.6 catalog); and Akari catalog (Usui, 2011); RP: rotation period and V–I (color index) taken from the LCDB

Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB (query) and from the LCDB (query form) for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.

Notes

  1. ^ a b Lightcurve plots of (3063) Makhaon from Dec 2010 and Apr 2014 by Daniel Coley at the Center for Solar System Studies (U80) and (U81). Quality code is 1/3 (lightcurve rating at CS3). Summary figures at the LCDB and CS3.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "3063 Makhaon (1983 PV)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  2. ^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
  3. ^ a b c d Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(3063) Makhaon". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 10547. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3064. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  4. ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3063 Makhaon (1983 PV)" (2018-10-22 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "LCDB Data for (3063) Makhaon". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  6. ^ a b "List of Jupiter Trojans". Minor Planet Center. 30 May 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  7. ^ a b "Asteroid (3063) Makhaon – Proper elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  8. ^ a b Roig, F.; Ribeiro, A. O.; Gil-Hutton, R. (June 2008). "Taxonomy of asteroid families among the Jupiter Trojans: comparison between spectroscopic data and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey colors". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 483 (3): 911–931. arXiv:0712.0046. Bibcode:2008A&A...483..911R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079177. S2CID 118361725.
  9. ^ a b c d Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R. (November 2012). "WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy". The Astrophysical Journal. 759 (1): 10. arXiv:1209.1549. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...49G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49. S2CID 119101711. (online catalog)
  10. ^ a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  11. ^ a b c d Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  12. ^ a b French, Linda M.; Stephens, Robert D.; Lederer, Susan M.; Coley, Daniel R.; Rohl, Derrick A. (April 2011). "Preliminary Results from a Study of Trojan Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (2): 116–120. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..116F. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  13. ^ a b Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  14. ^ Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131. S2CID 119280014.
  15. ^ a b "Asteroid 3063 Makhaon". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  16. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  17. ^ Binzel, Richard P.; Sauter, Linda M. (February 1992). "Trojan, Hilda, and Cybele asteroids - New lightcurve observations and analysis". Icarus. 95 (2): 222–238. Bibcode:1992Icar...95..222B. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(92)90039-A. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  18. ^ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (3063) Makhaon". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  19. ^ Mottola, Stefano; Di Martino, Mario; Erikson, Anders; Gonano-Beurer, Maria; Carbognani, Albino; Carsenty, Uri; et al. (May 2011). "Rotational Properties of Jupiter Trojans. I. Light Curves of 80 Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 141 (5): 32. Bibcode:2011AJ....141..170M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/170.
  20. ^ Stephens, Robert D.; Coley, Daniel R.; Warner, Brian D.; French, Linda, M. (October 2016). "Lightcurves of Jovian Trojan Asteroids from the Center for Solar System Studies: L4 Greek Camp and Spies". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (4): 323–331. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..323S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 12 June 2018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ Alkema, Michael S. (July 2013). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Elephant Head Observatory: 2012 November - 2013 April". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (3): 133–137. Bibcode:2013MPBu...40..133A. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 12 June 2018.

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يشيرهذا المصطلح إلى مجموعة من الأكلات والمشروبات وطرق الطهي المنتشرة في أمريكا الجنوبية.[1] الجدير بالذكر أن مطبخ أمريكا الجنوبية يغطي مساحة شاسعة من الأرض ولذا قد نجد العديد من الاختلافات من أمة إلى أخرى. من أشهر العناصر في مطبخ أمريكا الجنوبية هي الأطباق المعتمدة عل�...

追晉陸軍二級上將趙家驤將軍个人资料出生1910年 大清河南省衛輝府汲縣逝世1958年8月23日(1958歲—08—23)(47—48歲) † 中華民國福建省金門縣国籍 中華民國政党 中國國民黨获奖 青天白日勳章(追贈)军事背景效忠 中華民國服役 國民革命軍 中華民國陸軍服役时间1924年-1958年军衔 二級上將 (追晉)部队四十七師指挥東北剿匪總司令部參謀長陸軍�...

 

Ini adalah nama Tionghoa; marganya adalah Lin. Lin Chuan林全 Perdana Menteri Republik Tiongkok ke-48Masa jabatan20 Mei 2016 – 8 September 2017PresidenTsai Ing-wenWakil Perdana MenteriLin Hsi-yaoPendahuluChang San-chengPenggantiWilliam LaiMenteri KeuanganMasa jabatan2 Desember 2002 – 25 Januari 2006Perdana MenteriYu Shyi-kunFrank HsiehPendahuluLee Yung-san [zh]PenggantiJoseph LyuMenteri Biaya, Akunting dan StatistikMasa jabatan20 Mei 2000 – 2 Des...

 

Clatchard CraigAn aerial photograph of Clatchard Craig taken in 1932 (Royal Air Force)LocationNewburghRegionFifeCoordinates56°20′47″N 3°13′31″W / 56.3463°N 3.2252°W / 56.3463; -3.2252TypePictish hill fortHistoryBuilderPictsMaterialTimber faced earth and stonePeriodsNeolithicBronze ageIron ageRomanPictishSite notesExcavation dates1954–551959–60ConditionDestroyed by quarrying The fort of Clatchard Craig was located on a hill of the same name by the ...

本條目存在以下問題,請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要編修,以確保文法、用詞、语气、格式、標點等使用恰当。 (2013年8月6日)請按照校對指引,幫助编辑這個條目。(幫助、討論) 此條目剧情、虛構用語或人物介紹过长过细,需清理无关故事主轴的细节、用語和角色介紹。 (2020年10月6日)劇情、用語和人物介紹都只是用於了解故事主軸,輔助�...

 

Elisabeth Stierncrona (1714-1769) Elisabeth Stierncrona (Stoccolma, 9 gennaio 1714 – Stoccolma, 28 giugno 1769) è stata una contessa e scrittrice svedese. Biografia I suoi genitori furono il barone Gabriel Stierncrona (1669-1723) e Antoinetta Maria Amija (1687-1721). Nel 27 aprile 1729 Elisabeth Stierncrona sposò il conte Fredrik Gyllenborg (1698-1759), cortigiano e membro di spicco del partito dei Cappelli. Ebbe nove figli durante il suo matrimonio. Come era ancora usanza nell'aristocraz...

 

وزارة الرياضة السعودية وزارة الرياضة (السعودية)الشعار تفاصيل الوكالة الحكومية البلد السعودية  تأسست 1394 هـ الإدارة الوزراء المسؤولون عبد العزيز بن تركي الفيصل آل سعود، وزير الرياضة عبدالإله بن سعد الدلاك، مساعد الوزير بدر بن عبدالرحمن القاضي، نائب الوزير موقع الويب mos....

Lingkaran spiral Art Deco di Gedung Chrysler di New York, dibangun pada 1928–1930. Roemah Passir, sebuah villa Art Deco di Knokke-Heist (Belgia barat) Art Deco adalah gaya hias yang lahir setelah Perang Dunia I dan berakhir sebelum Perang Dunia II yang banyak diterapkan dalam berbagai bidang, misalnya eksterior, interior, mebel, patung, poster, pakaian, perhiasan dan lain-lain dari 1920 hingga 1939,[1] yang memengaruhi seni dekoratif seperti arsitektur, desain interior, dan desain i...

 

Rights of workers, unions, and duties of employers in the UK In the UK in 2021, of the total working population 32.5 million people were employed, there was 4.2% unemployment, and 6.6 million trade union members. The average income was £30,472, and the average working week was 36 hours.[1] United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions.[2] People at work in the UK have a minimum set of employment rights,[3] from Acts of P...

 

Software issue This article may contain citations that do not verify the text. Please check for citation inaccuracies. (October 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) License compatibility is a legal framework that allows for pieces of software with different software licenses to be distributed together. The need for such a framework arises because the different licenses can contain contradictory requirements, rendering it impossible to legally combine source code from separately-l...

Catching seafood for commercial profit Commercial crab fishing at the Elbe River in June 2007. Commercial fishing is the activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial profit, mostly from wild fisheries. It provides a large quantity of food to many countries around the world, but those who practice it as an industry must often pursue fish far into the ocean under adverse conditions. Large-scale commercial fishing is called industrial fishing. The major fishing industries are not o...

 

Daverio komune di Italia Tempat Negara berdaulatItaliaDaerah di ItaliaLombardyProvinsi di ItaliaProvinsi Varese NegaraItalia Ibu kotaDaverio PendudukTotal3.081  (2023 )GeografiLuas wilayah4,03 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian327 m Berbatasan denganAzzate Bodio Lomnago Casale Litta Crosio della Valle Galliate Lombardo SejarahSanto pelindungHari Raya Santo Petrus dan Paulus Informasi tambahanKode pos21020 Zona waktuUTC+1 UTC+2 Kode telepon0332 ID ISTAT012064 Kode kadaster It...

 

Portmanteau name for nitrite derivatives Not to be confused with nitride, nitrate, or nitrogen dioxide. Nitrite Names IUPAC name Nitrite Systematic IUPAC name dioxidonitrate(1−) Other names nitrite Identifiers CAS Number 14797-65-0 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:16301 ChemSpider 921 EC Number 233-272-6 PubChem CID 946 UNII J39976L608 Y InChI InChI=1S/HNO2/c2-1-3/h(H,2,3)/p-1Key: IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-MInChI=1/HNO2/c2-1-3/h(H,2,3)/p-1Key: IOVCWXUNBOP...

English politician The Right Honourable SirPeter Hesketh-FleetwoodBtPeter Hesketh-Fleetwood painted by William Charles Ross in 1826.Member of Parliamentfor PrestonIn office10 December 1832 – 29 July 1847Serving with Henry Smith-Stanley 1832–1837Robert Townley Parker 1837–1841George Strickland 1841–1847Preceded byHenry HuntJohn WoodSucceeded byCharles Pascoe-GrenfellGeorge Strickland Personal detailsBorn(1801-05-09)9 May 1801Wennington Hall, Wennington, Eng...

 

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Clemente. Cet article est une ébauche concernant une femme politique américaine. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Rosa ClementeRosa Clemente en 2009.BiographieNaissance 18 avril 1972 (52 ans)New YorkNationalité américaineFormation Université CornellUniversité d'État de New York à AlbanyActivités Journaliste, femme politique, militante pour la paixAut...