2024 Northern Ireland Executive formation

Sinn Féin President Mary Lou McDonald (right) and vice president Michelle O'Neill

The 2024 Northern Ireland Executive formation followed on from the 2022 Northern Ireland Assembly election, but was delayed to February 2024. The 22 months delay in the restoration of the Northern Ireland Executive resulted from a boycott of the process by the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP).[1] Eventually it resulted in the formation of the Executive of the 7th Northern Ireland Assembly, led by Michelle O'Neill of Sinn Féin as First Minister and Emma Little-Pengelly of the DUP as deputy First Minister.

Background

With Brexit in January 2020, issues with the Irish border arose due to the Brexit withdrawal agreement.[2] In the Brexit negotiations potential issues were considered with the Irish backstop.[3] In December 2021, a judge ruled that DUP ministers boycotting the North/South Ministerial Council to protest the Northern Ireland Protocol were an "abject breach of their solemn pledge".[4]

The 2022 Northern Ireland Assembly election resulted in Sinn Féin becoming the largest party, marking the first time an Irish nationalist/republican party won the most seats.[5] This gave them the right to nominate Northern Ireland's first-ever nationalist first minister of Northern Ireland.[6] The Democratic Unionist Party refused to return to power-sharing over disagreements over the Northern Ireland Protocol and the Windsor Framework.[7] The absence of an executive left senior civil servants controlling the nine government departments.[8]

Events

DUP leader Jeffrey Donaldson

If no executive is formed within six months of an Assembly election, the United Kingdom Government's Northern Ireland Secretary can call a new election early.[9] On 28 September 2022, Chris Heaton-Harris, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, stated that he had a legal obligation to call an early election on 28 October if no government was formed by that date,[10] probably[11] to be held no later than January 2023.[12][13] Sinn Féin leader Michelle O'Neill voiced her opposition to such an election: "The people spoke, and the people asked for a functioning executive, they asked for us to make politics work."[14] Both the UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak and the Irish Tánaiste Leo Varadkar had urged the DUP to agree to the formation of a Government.[15]

The parties met on 27 October and failed to elect a Speaker, the fourth time they had met and failed to do so, and no government was formed by the deadline.[16] On 28 October, Heaton-Harris expressed disappointment that no Executive had been formed and acknowledged his legal duty to call an election,[17] but delayed immediately calling one.[18] The chief electoral officer said the election date would likely be 15 December.[19] The last date that an election could be held under the legislation existing then was 19 January 2023.[20]

On 29 October, Heaton-Harris continued to delay calling an election. Claire Hanna, a Member of Parliament for the SDLP, reacted to the news, saying an election was now "less likely". Heaton-Harris held another round of talks with the political parties on 1 November, amid speculation that the UK government could introduce legislation to delay the need for a new election.[21][20] However, Northern Ireland Office Minister Steve Baker said on 2 November that Heaton-Harris "will soon confirm the date of the next Northern Ireland Assembly election as required by law."[22]

Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2022
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to make provision to extend the period following the Northern Ireland Assembly election of 5 May 2022 during which Ministers may be appointed and after which the Secretary of State must propose a date for another election; about the exercise of functions in the absence of Northern Ireland Ministers; to confer powers on the Secretary of State to determine salaries and other benefits for Members of the Assembly in respect of periods in which the Assembly is not functioning; and to confer powers on the Secretary of State to set the regional rate in Northern Ireland.
Citation2022 c. 48
Dates
Royal assent6 December 2022
Other legislation
Amended by
Status: Amended
Text of statute as originally enacted
Text of the Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2022 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

On 4 November, Heaton-Harris said an election would not be held in December.[23] On 9 November, he said that he would be introducing legislation to (retrospectively) extend the deadline to form a new Assembly Executive to 8 December 2022, with the option for an additional 6-week extension.[24] The requisite legislation, the Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2022 (c. 48),[25][26] was passed by the Westminster Parliament on 6 December 2022.[27]

In November 2022, British prime minister Rishi Sunak and Tánaiste Micheál Martin met in Blackpool at the British-Irish Council summit.[28] Sunak said he was confident a breakthrough in negotiations over the Northern Ireland Protocol were possible.[29]

The December 2022 deadline passed without any resolution. The deadline was extended to 19 January 2023. Heaton-Harris invited the parties to new talks on 11 January 2023 to discuss the situation,[30] but Sinn Féin pulled out in protest at the exclusion of its president, Mary Lou McDonald, after which the SDLP refused to take part as well.[31][32]

Under the then legislation, the latest possible date for the next election, if an Executive is not formed, was 13 April 2023.[24][33] The deadline to form an Executive passed on 19 January 2023, but Heaton-Harris played down the prospect of him calling a snap election.[34]

Under then existing legislation, Heaton-Harris had to call an election by the end of the first week of March 2023. However, he proposed a further extension, with a new deadline to form an Executive of 18 January 2024 proposed.[35][36] This was achieved through the Northern Ireland (Executive Formation and Organ and Tissue Donation) Act 2023,[37] which completed its passage through the Westminster Parliament in late February 2023.[38][37]

On 27 February 2023, the UK and EU announced the Windsor Framework to make changes to the Northern Ireland Protocol.[39] It was hoped that this would lead to formation of an Assembly executive.[40] However, the DUP boycott continued.[41] Talks with the DUP continued without success through to December.[42]

The Assembly was recalled on 17 January 2024. The DUP position was unchanged.[43] Heaton-Harris said that he would, again, bring primary legislation to further extend the deadline to 8 February 2024, via the Northern Ireland (Executive Formation) Bill 2024.[44][45]

Northern Ireland (Executive Formation) Act 2024
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to make provision to extend the period following the Northern Ireland Assembly election of 5 May 2022 during which Ministers may be appointed.
Citation2024 c. 2
Dates
Royal assent25 January 2024
Status: Current legislation
History of passage through Parliament
Text of statute as originally enacted
Text of the Northern Ireland (Executive Formation) Act 2024 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

On 18 January 2024, the legal deadline to restore power-sharing was passed.[46] The same day the largest general strike in more than 50 years was held across Northern Ireland, in protest over pay.[47] Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Chris Heaton-Harris released a statement on the situation.[48] In 25 January, the Northern Ireland (Executive Formation) Act 2024 (c. 2) was introduced to extend the period necessary for restoration of government without calling a snap election. It came into law the same day.[49]

On 29 January 2024, an urgent meeting of the Democratic Unionist Party executive was called following the passing over the deadline to restore power sharing at Stormont.[50] Details of the meeting was reportedly leaked to loyalist activist Jamie Bryson.[51][52] Jeffrey Donaldson revealed in the morning that his party would return to Stormont.[53][54] This end of the boycott was welcomed by Sinn Féin.[55]

The UK Government published a command paper laying out the deal.[56] The deal will end the alignment of EU law in Northern Ireland.[57] Due to the Brexit withdrawal agreement, internal trade was disrupted between the British Isles.[58] A DUP agreement with the Sunak ministry will reportedly reduce checks and paperwork on goods moving from Great Britain to Northern Ireland.[59] This involves the creation of a "UK internal market" in order to ease unionist fears over de facto border in the Irish Sea.[60] Some hard-line loyalists criticised the DUP for "selling out".[61]

Formation of the 7th Assembly

Main article: Executive of the 7th Northern Ireland Assembly
Speaker Edwin Poots MLA (right), Prime Minister Rishi Sunak MP (center), Secretary of State Chris Heaton-Harris (left) In Belfast on 6 February 2024

On 30 January, the parties returned to Stormont for talks.[62] The same day further public sector strikes were held.[63] The Assembly sat on Saturday 3 February.[64][65] Fresh elections were to be called had the executive not been formed by 8 February.[66]

On 3 February 2024, the Northern Ireland Assembly met to elect a new Speaker, with Edwin Poots, a former leader of the DUP, chosen to be the Assembly's 7th Speaker.[67] Sinn Féin's Michelle O'Neill was nominated as First Minister, becoming the first nationalist politician to hold the post, while the DUP's Emma Little-Pengelly was appointed deputy.[68][69] Alliance and the UUP also took ministerial positions. They were entitled to one each. The Justice portfolio is assigned separately and was also filled by Alliance.[70] The SDLP missed out on any ministerial positions due to winning insufficient seats in the Assembly; they went into opposition instead.[71]

Consequences

The formation had been considered to boost Sinn Féin's chances in the next Irish general election.[72] but this failed to happen with Fianna Fail going on become the biggest party, while Sinn Fein suffered bad election results in both EU and Dail. In March 2024, the East–West Council held their first meeting.[73] Intertrade UK was established as part of a concession to the DUP.[74]

References

  1. ^ Castle, Stephen (30 January 2024). "'A Long Time Coming': Northern Ireland Deal Receives Broad Welcome". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  2. ^ "Brexit: Five steps that led to an Irish Sea border". BBC News. 23 December 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  3. ^ Pérez-Peña, Richard (30 January 2019). "What Is the Irish Backstop, and Why Is It Holding Up Brexit?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  4. ^ "DUP north-south boycott 'abject breach of pledge'". BBC News. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
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  10. ^ Pogatchnik, Shawn (28 September 2022). "UK warns of snap Northern Ireland election if DUP won't share power". Politico. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
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  13. ^ Campbell, Brett (18 October 2022). "Stormont election on December 15 if deadline missed 'even by a minute'". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
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  34. ^ Hughes, Brendan (18 January 2023). "Latest Stormont deadline looms but little sign of snap election". BelfastLive.
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  50. ^ "DUP set for crunch meeting as party leader briefs members on proposals to end Stormont boycott". ITV Northern Ireland. 29 January 2024.
  51. ^ "DUP mole 'wore a wire' to leak meeting to Jamie Bryson". BBC News. 30 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
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  53. ^ "Leaks, tweets and cries of deceit - but a deal was done". BBC News. 30 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  54. ^ "DUP: Next days crucial for Stormont return, says Sinn Féin". BBC News. 30 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
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  58. ^ Sparrow, Andrew (30 January 2024). "Goods to flow freely from GB to NI as part of deal to restore Stormont power sharing, says DUP – as it happened". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
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  60. ^ Carroll, Rory; Courea, Eleni (31 January 2024). "Northern Ireland to get new Brexit trade rules in deal to restore power sharing". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  61. ^ Ferguson, Amanda (30 January 2024). "Northern Ireland's DUP strikes deal to return to power-sharing government". Reuters.
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Economic philosophy centred on common ownership of land Georgist redirects here. For the Romanian political group, see National Liberal Party-Brătianu. For systems of taxation based on one tax, see single tax. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Georgism – news · newspapers · books · scholar · J...

 

 

مارغريت جيبسون

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع مارغريت جيبسون (توضيح). مارغريت جيبسون معلومات شخصية الميلاد 14 سبتمبر 1894   كولورادو سبرينغز  الوفاة 21 أكتوبر 1964 (70 سنة)   هوليوود  سبب الوفاة نوبة قلبية  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  الحياة العملية المهنة ممثلة،  وممثلة مسرحية،  وممثل...

Montmartre Funicular

Funicular railway serving the Montmartre neighbourhood of Paris, France Montmartre FunicularOverviewStations2ServiceOperator(s)RATPRolling stock2 cabinsRidership2 million journeys per yearHistoryOpened13 July 1900TechnicalLine length0.108 km (0.067 mi)Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) The Montmartre Funicular (French: Funiculaire de Montmartre) is an inclined transport system serving the Montmartre neighbourhood of Paris, France, in the 18th arrondissemen...

 

 

Guillermo Valencia

Guillermo Valencia Guillermo Valencia (* 20. Oktober 1873 in Popayán; † 8. Juli 1943 ebenda) war ein kolumbianischer Dichter und Politiker. Valencia hielt sich längere Zeit in Paris auf, wo er Kontakte mit französischen Dichtern knüpfte und auch Bekanntschaft mit Oscar Wilde schloss. Ebenso weilte er geraume Zeit in Deutschland und trat hier in Verbindung mit Nietzsche. In seiner Dichtung, in der er sich mit philosophischen sowie auch mit exotischen Themen auseinandersetzt, zeigen sich ...