2024 Basque regional election

2024 Basque regional election
← 2020 21 April 2024 Next →
All 75 seats in the Basque Parliament
38 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered1,795,213 Green arrow up0.0%
Turnout1,077,456 (60.0%)
Green arrow up9.2 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Imanol Pradales Pello Otxandiano Eneko Andueza
Party EAJ/PNV EH Bildu PSE–EE (PSOE)
Leader since 27 January 2024 11 December 2023 30 October 2021
Leader's seat Biscay Álava Biscay
Last election 31 seats, 38.7% 21 seats, 27.6% 10 seats, 13.5%
Seats won 27 27 12
Seat change Red arrow down4 Green arrow up6 Green arrow up2
Popular vote 372,456 343,609 150,752
Percentage 34.8% 32.1% 14.1%
Swing Red arrow down3.9 pp Green arrow up4.5 pp Green arrow up0.6 pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Javier de Andrés Alba García Amaia Martínez
Party PP Sumar Vox
Leader since 4 November 2023 9 January 2024 3 August 2020
Leader's seat Álava Biscay (lost) Álava
Last election 6 seats, 6.7%[a] 2 seats (EP)[b] 1 seat, 1.9%
Seats won 7 1 1
Seat change Green arrow up1 Red arrow down1 Blue arrow right0
Popular vote 98,144 35,402 21,696
Percentage 9.2% 3.3% 2.0%
Swing Green arrow up2.5 pp n/a Green arrow up0.1 pp
Election result by constituency
Lehendakari before election

Iñigo Urkullu
EAJ/PNV

Elected Lehendakari

Imanol Pradales
EAJ/PNV

The 2024 Basque regional election was held on Sunday, 21 April 2024, to elect the 13th Parliament of the Basque Autonomous Community. All 75 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

This election was the first since 2009 not to see Iñigo Urkullu as the leading candidate of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), after the party chose to replace the incumbent Lehendakari with a low profile politician at the provincial level, Imanol Pradales, following 12 years of uninterrupted government. The main opposition, EH Bildu, also ran under a new candidate, Pello Otxandiano, amid speculation that long-time leader Arnaldo Otegi could have led the candidacy following the end of his disqualification from running for public office. All other parliamentary parties but Podemos and Vox also ran under new candidates: Eneko Andueza by the Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE), Javier de Andrés by the People's Party (PP)—with the PP+Cs alliance being discontinued and Citizens (CS) deciding not to contest the election—and Alba García by Sumar.

The results showed a close race between the PNV and EH Bildu, with the latter slightly underperforming opinion polls but securing a large increase in its popular support. The PSE–EE, which had been the junior partner to the PNV-led government since 2016, saw an unexpected increase in support to secure its best result since 2012. The PP increased its seat totals by one compared to the PP+Cs results in 2020, whereas the dissolution of the Elkarrekin Podemos alliance saw Sumar clinging on to one seat and Podemos losing all its representation. Vox was able to retain its seat for Álava.

Overview

Electoral system

The Basque Parliament was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of the Basque Country, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Basque Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a lehendakari.[1] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in the Basque Country and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2022 abolished the "begged" or expat vote system (Spanish: Voto rogado), under which Spaniards abroad were required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote.[2] The expat vote system was attributed responsibility for a major decrease in the turnout of Spaniards abroad during the years it had been in force.[3]

The 75 members of the Basque Parliament were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa, with each being allocated a fixed number of 25 seats in order to provide for an equal parliamentary representation of the three provinces, as required under the regional statute of autonomy.[1][4]

Election date

The term of the Basque Parliament expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Basque Country (BOPV), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication. The previous election was held on 12 July 2020, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 12 July 2024. The election decree was required to be published in the BOPV no later than 18 June 2024 with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Sunday, 11 August 2024.[1][4]

The lehendakari had the prerogative to dissolve the Basque Parliament at any given time and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a lehendakari within a sixty-day period from the Parliament re-assembly, the Parliament was to be dissolved and a fresh election called.[5]

Following the announcement by Galician president Alfonso Rueda of a snap election in Galicia for 18 February 2024,[6] Urkullu was asked whether he would follow suit and make both elections be held simultaneously—as it had been the case since 2009.[7] To this, he simply stated that "the Basque Country is not Galicia", distancing himself from Rueda's decision.[8] Instead, it was expected that the Basque election would most likely be held in March or April 2024, to allow for more time to approve a final set of bills in the Basque Parliament as well as to avoid a simultaneous call with the European Parliament election on 9 June.[9][10]

The Basque Parliament was officially dissolved on 27 February 2024 after the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOPV, setting the election date for 21 April.[11]

Parliamentary composition

The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the Parliament at the time of dissolution.[12]

Parliamentary composition in February 2024[13]
Groups Parties Legislators
Seats Total
Basque Nationalists Parliamentary Group EAJ/PNV 31 31
EH Bildu Parliamentary Group EH Bildu 21 21
Basque Socialists Parliamentary Group PSE–EE (PSOE) 10 10
Elkarrekin Podemos–IU Parliamentary Group Podemos 4 6
EzAn–IU 2
Basque People's Parliamentary Group[14] PP 5[c] 5
Mixed Group Vox 1 2
CS 1

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[4][16]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances 		Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Ref.
Votes (%) Seats
EAJ/PNV
List
 Imanol Pradales Basque nationalism
Christian democracy
Social democracy 		38.70% 31 checkY [17]
[18]
EH Bildu
List
 Pello Otxandiano Basque independence
Abertzale left
Socialism 		27.60% 21 ☒N [19]
[20]
PSE–EE
(PSOE)
List
 Eneko Andueza Social democracy 13.52% 10 checkY [21]
Podemos–AV
List
 Miren Gorrotxategi Left-wing populism
Democratic socialism 		9.27%[d] 6 ☒N [22]
[23]
[24]
Sumar
List
 Alba García Progressivism
Left-wing populism
Green politics 		☒N [22]
[24]
PP
List
 Javier de Andrés Conservatism
Christian democracy 		6.71%[a] 6 ☒N [25]
Vox
List
 Amaia Martínez Right-wing populism
Ultranationalism
National conservatism 		1.94% 1 ☒N [26]

Timetable

The key dates are listed below (all times are CET):[4][16][27]

  • 26 February: The election decree is issued with the countersign of the Lehendakari after deliberation in the Council of Government.[11]
  • 27 February: Formal dissolution of the Basque Parliament and beginning of a suspension period of events for the inauguration of public works, services or projects.
  • 1 March: Initial constitution of historical territory and zone electoral commissions.
  • 8 March: Deadline for parties and federations intending to enter into a coalition to inform the relevant electoral commission.
  • 18 March: Deadline for parties, federations, coalitions, and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates to the relevant electoral commission.
  • 20 March: Submitted lists of candidates are provisionally published in the Official Gazette of the Basque Country (BOPV).
  • 23 March: Deadline for citizens entered in the Register of Absent Electors Residing Abroad (CERA) and for citizens temporarily absent from Spain to apply for voting.
  • 24 March: Deadline for parties, federations, coalitions, and groupings of electors to rectify irregularities in their lists.
  • 25 March: Official proclamation of valid submitted lists of candidates.
  • 26 March: Proclaimed lists are published in the BOPV.
  • 5 April: Official start of electoral campaigning.[11]
  • 11 April: Deadline to apply for postal voting.
  • 16 April: Official start of legal ban on electoral opinion polling publication, dissemination or reproduction and deadline for CERA citizens to vote by mail.
  • 17 April: Deadline for postal and temporarily absent voters to issue their votes.
  • 19 April: Last day of official electoral campaigning and deadline for CERA citizens to vote in a ballot box in the relevant consular office or division.[11]
  • 20 April: Official 24-hour ban on political campaigning prior to the general election (reflection day).
  • 21 April: Polling day (polling stations open at 9 am and close at 8 pm or once voters present in a queue at/outside the polling station at 8 pm have cast their vote). Provisional counting of votes starts immediately.
  • 26 April: General counting of votes, including the counting of CERA votes.
  • 30 April: Deadline for the general counting of votes to be carried out by the relevant electoral commission.
  • 11 May: Deadline for elected members to be proclaimed by the relevant electoral commission.
  • 18 May: Final deadline for definitive results to be published in the BOPV.

Campaign

Party slogans

Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Ref.
EAJ/PNV « Aukeratu Euskadi. Elige Bienestar » "Choose the Basque Country. Choose wellbeing" [28]
EH Bildu « Aldaketa da orain. El futuro en tus manos » "The change is now. The future in your hands"
PSE–EE (PSOE) « Vota al que decide. Erabakia zurea » "Vote for the one who decides. The decision is yours" [28]
Podemos–AV « Elige izquierda » "Choose the left"
Sumar « Es tu tiempo. Euskadi berria » "It's your time. The new Basque Country" [29]
PP « Por una Euskadi abierta/Euskadi ireki baten alde » "For an open Basque Country" [30]
Vox « Sabes que es verdad » "You know it's true" [31]

Election debates

2024 Basque regional election debates
Date Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present[e]    S  Surrogate[f]    NI  Not invited   A  Absent invitee 
PNV EH Bildu PSE–EE Podemos Sumar PP Vox Audience Ref.
9 April Coordinadora de
ONGD de Euskadi 		Begoña Beristain S
Legarreta 		S
Urrea 		S
Gallastegi 		S
Gorritxo 		S
Martínez 		S
Garrido 		NI — [32]
9 April RTVE Xabier Fortes
Teresa Aguiló 		S
Díez 		S
Kortajarena 		P
Andueza 		S
De Uralde 		P
García 		P
De Andrés 		P
Martínez 		14.2%
(83,000)[g] 		[35]
10 April Cadena SER Eva Domaika S
Díez 		S
De Eguilaz 		S
Jilete 		NI NI S
López 		NI — [36]
10 April EITB[h] Nerea Reparaz P
Pradales 		P
Otxandiano 		P
Andueza 		P
Gorrotxategi 		S
Larrea 		S
Garrido 		A 4.0% [37]
[38]
12 April AMPEA Eva Silván S
Melgosa 		S
Etxebarrieta 		S
Jilete 		S
González 		S
García 		S
Garrido 		NI — [39]
12 April Cadena SER Eva Domaika S
Díez 		S
Rodriguez 		S
Itxaso 		S
Soto 		S
Martínez 		S
Morales 		A — [40]
15 April El Diario Vasco Estrella Vallejo
Javier Roldán 		P
Pradales 		P
Otxandiano 		P
Andueza 		S
Soto 		P
García 		P
De Andrés 		NI — [41]
16 April EITB África Baeta
Xabier García Ramsden 		P
Pradales 		P
Otxandiano 		P
Andueza 		P
Gorrotxategi 		P
García 		P
De Andrés 		P
Martínez 		17.4%
(86,000) 		[37]
[42]
17 April UN Etxea
EGK 		Iratxe Uriarte S
Díez 		S
Del Valle 		S
Blanco 		S
Mestraitua 		S
Alonso 		S
Velasco 		NI — [43]
[44]
17 April Cadena SER Eva Domaika S
Olano 		S
Rodriguez 		S
Corcuera 		S
Soto 		S
Hernández 		S
Gotxi 		A — [45]
18 April El Correo Marta Madruga
Olatz Barriuso 		P
Pradales 		P
Otxandiano 		P
Andueza 		P
Gorrotxategi 		P
García 		P
De Andrés 		P
Martínez 		— [46]
19 April Cadena SER Jon Egaña P
Pradales 		P
Otxandiano 		P
Andueza 		P
Gorrotxategi 		P
García 		P
De Andrés 		P
Martínez 		— [47]

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Graphical summary

Local regression trend line of poll results from 12 July 2020 to 21 April 2024, with each line corresponding to a political party.

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 38 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Basque Parliament.

Color key:

  Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls

Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Victory preferences

The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Victory likelihood

The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Preferred Lehendakari

The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become lehendakari.

Voter turnout

The table below shows registered vote turnout on election day without including voters from the Census of Absent-Residents (CERA). Compared to past elections, 2024 elections turnout data are to be gathered at 13:00 and 18:00 (instead of 12:00 and 17:00 at previous elections).[49]

Province Time
13:00[l] 18:00[m] 20:00
2020 2024 +/– 2020 2024 +/– 2020 2024 +/–
Álava 13.51% 25.93% +12.42 33.21% 48.73% +15.52 50.31% 61.11% +10.80
Biscay 13.49% 27.43% +13.94 36.40% 51.87% +15.47 52.52% 63.41% +10.89
Gipuzkoa 15.48% 30.02% +14.54 36.67% 50.73% +14.06 54.57% 61.71% +7.14
Total 14.14% 28.05% +13.91 36.02% 51.03% +15.01 52.86% 62.52% +9.66
Sources[50]

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 21 April 2024 Basque Parliament election results
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 372,456 34.82 –3.88 27 –4
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 343,609 32.13 +4.53 27 +6
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 150,752 14.09 +0.57 12 +2
People's Party (PP)1 98,144 9.18 +2.47 7 +1
Unite (Sumar)2 35,402 3.31 n/a 1 –1
United We Can–Green Alliance (Podemos/Ahal Dugu–AV)2 23,888 2.23 n/a 0 –4
Vox (Vox) 21,696 2.03 +0.05 1 ±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)3 5,585 0.52 –0.02 0 ±0
Blank Seats to Leave Empty Seats (EB/AZ) 3,112 0.29 +0.02 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,683 0.16 +0.04 0 ±0
To Be (Izan) 1,419 0.13 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE/ELAK) 666 0.06 ±0.00 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 475 0.04 +0.01 0 ±0
Welcome (OE) 187 0.02 +0.01 0 ±0
Blank ballots 10,523 0.98 +0.04
Total 1,069,597 75 ±0
Valid votes 1,069,597 99.27 +0.01
Invalid votes 7,859 0.73 –0.01
Votes cast / turnout 1,077,456 60.02 +9.24
Abstentions 717,757 39.98 –9.24
Registered voters 1,795,213
Sources[51]
Footnotes:
Popular vote
EAJ/PNV
 
 34.82%
EH Bildu
 
 32.13%
PSE–EE (PSOE)
 
 14.09%
PP
 
 9.18%
Sumar
 
 3.31%
Podemos–AV
 
 2.23%
Vox
 
 2.03%
Others
 
 1.23%
Blank ballots
 
 0.98%
Seats
EAJ/PNV
 
 36.00%
EH Bildu
 
 36.00%
PSE–EE (PSOE)
 
 16.00%
PP
 
 9.33%
Sumar
 
 1.33%
Vox
 
 1.33%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency PNV EH Bildu PSE–EE PP Sumar Vox
% S % S % S % S % S % S
Álava 26.7 7 29.1 8 16.2 4 15.9 4 3.7 1 3.7 1
Biscay 39.1 11 28.3 8 13.9 4 9.0 2 3.3 − 1.9 −
Gipuzkoa 31.4 9 39.8 11 13.4 4 6.4 1 3.1 − 1.5 −
Total 34.8 27 32.1 27 14.1 12 9.2 7 3.3 1 2.0 1
Sources[51]

Aftermath

The results were announced after polls in the region closed, with PNV securing the most votes, but finished with a tie with EH Bildu at 27 seats.[52]

Investiture
Ballot → 20 June 2024
Required majority → 38 out of 75
39 / 75
 checkY
27 / 75
 ☒N
Blank ballots
9 / 75
Absentees
0 / 75
Sources[53]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Results for PP+Cs in the 2020 election.
  2. ^ Within the Elkarrekin Podemos alliance in the 2020 election.
  3. ^ Luis Gordillo, former Cs legislator, joined the PP in October 2021.[15]
  4. ^ Results for Elkarrekin Podemos–IU (7.97%, 6 seats) and Equo Berdeak (1.30%, 0 seats) in the 2020 election.
  5. ^ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
  6. ^ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
  7. ^ In the Basque Country, the debate was broadcast on La 1 (62,000; 10.6%) and 24 Horas (21,000; 3.6%). Nationwide, the debate was broadcast on 24 Horas (82,000; 0.7%).[33][34]
  8. ^ Basque-spoken debate.
  9. ^ Alternative projection based on raw CIS data.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Within Sumar.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Within PP+Cs.
  12. ^ In 2020, turnout data were gathered at 12:00.
  13. ^ In 2020, turnout data were gathered at 17:00.

References

Opinion poll sources
  1. ^ "Empate técnico entre PNV y EH Bildu a 26-28 escaños con la formación jeltzale como más votada". EiTB (in Spanish). 21 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Los sondeos dan al PNV la victoria en votos, pero empatado en escaños con EH Bildu". El Español (in Spanish). 21 April 2024.
  3. ^ "EH Bildu gana en escaños y el PNV en votos, pero podría no sumar mayoría con el PSOE, según el sondeo de Sigma Dos para EL MUNDO". El Mundo (in Spanish). 21 April 2024.
  4. ^ "El PNV podrá gobernar Euskadi con el PSE pese a que EH Bildu será el primer partido en escaños, según las encuestas". Público (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  5. ^ "Bildu ganará las elecciones y el PSOE decidirá quién gobierna el País Vasco". OKDiario (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  6. ^ "Bildu se acerca al 21-A con leve ventaja sobre el PNV pero la mayoría prefiere a Pradales de lehendakari". El Español (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  7. ^ "Bildu ganaría en escaños, el PNV sería el más votado y Podemos y Sumar desaparecerían". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  8. ^ "El PNV aguanta el tirón de Bildu y gana por la mínima en votos y escaños para alivio de Sánchez". El Debate (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
  9. ^ "Bildu alcanza al PNV en una disputada recta final de la campaña vasca, pero nacionalistas y PSE podrían reeditar Gobierno". 20 minutos (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  10. ^ "Elecciones en País Vasco: la fuga de voto socialista y del PNV encumbra a Bildu". La Razón (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  11. ^ "Bildu supera al PNV por la mínima y los socialistas decidirán el lendakari". ABC (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
  12. ^ "Bildu adelanta al PNV y entra en la recta final del 21-A empujado por la debacle de Podemos y Sumar". La Razón (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  13. ^ "Bildu ganaría en el País Vasco por el desgaste del PNV, el fiasco del PSOE y la desaparición de Podemos". VozPópuli (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  14. ^ "EH Bildu gana las elecciones autonómicas por primera vez, según EITB Focus". EiTB (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
  15. ^ "EH Bildu adelanta al PNV en la última semana de la campaña vasca". El País (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  16. ^ a b c "Informe preelectoral para las elecciones vascas. Ola 2. Abril 2024" (PDF). 40dB (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  17. ^ a b "EH Bildu acaricia la victoria en Euskadi y pone en peligro la mayoría absoluta de PNV y PSOE". elDiario.es (in Spanish). 12 April 2024.
  18. ^ "El PNV ganaría en votos, pero Bildu obtendría más escaños". Onda Cero (in Spanish). 11 April 2024.
  19. ^ a b c d "Campaña de las elecciones autonómicas del País Vasco 2024 (Estudio nº 3451. Abril 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 10 April 2024.
  20. ^ "Estimación de voto (Estudio nº 3451. Campaña de las elecciones autonómicas del País Vasco 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 10 April 2024.
  21. ^ "El PSOE tendrá que decidir entre dar el Gobierno vasco a Bildu o salvar al PNV con el apoyo de Sumar". OKDiario (in Spanish). 8 April 2024.
  22. ^ a b "Elecciones de País Vasco 2024: Bildu ganaría por la mínima, según el sondeo de GAD3 para Mediaset". Telecinco (in Spanish). 8 April 2024.
  23. ^ "Barómetro Mediaset. Estimación elecciones vascas". GAD3 (in Spanish). 10 April 2024.
  24. ^ "EH Bildu ganaría por la mínima en votos y escaños al PNV". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
  25. ^ "Bildu roza el empate técnico con el PNV". La Razón (in Spanish). 8 April 2024.
  26. ^ "El PSE tendría la llave del Gobierno entre Bildu y PNV en un Parlamento en el que Vox, Sumar y Podemos podrían quedarse fuera". Público (in Spanish). 7 April 2024.
  27. ^ "Bildu blinda sus votos mientras en el PNV crecen la fuga y la indecisión". El Mundo (in Spanish). 8 April 2024.
  28. ^ "Casi 45.000 indecisos del PNV decidirán una ajustada campaña con Bildu al alza". El Mundo (in Spanish). 28 March 2024.
  29. ^ "El PNV y Bildu llegan empatados a la campaña del 21-A: ambos lograrían 28 escaños". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 2 April 2024.
  30. ^ a b c d e "Preelectoral del País Vasco. Elecciones autonómicas 2024 (Estudio nº 3448. Marzo 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 1 April 2024.
  31. ^ "Estimación de voto (Estudio nº 3448. Preelectoral del País Vasco. Elecciones autonómicas 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 1 April 2024.
  32. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Marzo 2024)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 27 March 2024.
  33. ^ "Empate entre PNV y EH Bildu en Euskadi a un mes de las elecciones autonómicas". El País (in Spanish). 25 March 2024.
  34. ^ a b c "Informe preelectoral para las elecciones vascas. Marzo 2024" (PDF). El País (in Spanish). 25 March 2024.
  35. ^ "EH Bildu podría ganar la contienda más reñida de los últimos años". Naiz (in Spanish). 5 April 2024.
  36. ^ "[A] PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Aztiker 05/04/2024: EH BILDU 34,0% (28/30), EAJ-PNV 33,4% (26/28), PSE-EE 13,9% (11/12), PP 8,5% (6/7), SUMAR 3,1% (1/2), PODEMOS-AV 3,0% (0/1), VOX 2,2% (0/1)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 5 April 2024.
  37. ^ "Empate técnico en escaños entre PNV y EH Bildu a un mes de las elecciones". EiTB (in Spanish). 21 March 2024.
  38. ^ "El PNV y Bildu empatarían en las elecciones vascas del 21-A con Podemos y Sumar hundidos". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 18 March 2024.
  39. ^ "Bildu sigue al alza y amenaza el poder de un PNV en decadencia con el PSOE de juez". El Mundo (in Spanish). 18 March 2024.
  40. ^ "Bildu supera otra vez al PNV y ganaría las elecciones vascas en votos y escaños". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 4 March 2024.
  41. ^ "El PNV se recupera, adelanta a Bildu y ganaría las elecciones vascas por la mínima". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 19 February 2024.
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  43. ^ "El PSE subiría tres escaños mientras PNV y Bildu se disputarían la victoria en las elecciones". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 5 February 2024.
  44. ^ "Ajustada victoria del PNV con EH Bildu a dos escaños". EiTB (in Spanish). 2 February 2024.
  45. ^ a b "EiTB Focus. Enero 2024. Elecciones Autonómicas. CAV" (PDF). Gizaker (in Spanish). 2 February 2024.
  46. ^ "Ajustada victoria del PNV con EH Bildu a dos escaños". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). 4 February 2024.
  47. ^ "Bildu y PNV se mantienen en empate técnico a la espera de fecha para las elecciones vascas". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 21 January 2024.
  48. ^ "El pacto con Otegi en Pamplona cambia el escenario vasco: crece el PNV por miedo a Bildu y el PSOE cae ya dos puntos". El Mundo (in Spanish). 16 January 2024.
  49. ^ "Bildu adelanta al PNV y ganaría las elecciones vascas por un escaño". Crónica Vasca (in Spanish). 8 January 2024.
  50. ^ "Un PNV y un PSOE a la baja podrían mantener su coalición de Gobierno en País Vasco con una raquítica mayoría". VozPópuli (in Spanish). 1 January 2024.
  51. ^ "EH Bildu ganaría las elecciones en una pugna reñida a varias bandas". Naiz (in Spanish). 5 February 2024.
  52. ^ "[A] PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Aztiker 05/02/2024: EH BILDU 32,1% (24/27), EAJ-PNV 31,5% (24/25), PSE-EE 15,3% (11/12), PP 9,4% (6/8), ELKARREKIN 7,7% (6), VOX 2,8% (1)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 5 February 2024.
  53. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Noviembre 2023)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 1 December 2023.
  54. ^ "ElectoPanel Euskadi (26N): EH Bildu, primero en votos y escaños". Electomanía (in Spanish). 26 November 2023.
  55. ^ "Otegi cerca de ser 'lehendakari': fuerte caída del PNV y Sánchez tendría que decidir". El Mundo (in Spanish). 17 September 2023.
  56. ^ "ElectoPanel Euskadi (18J): subida de EH Bildu, que se acerca al PNV". Electomanía (in Spanish). 18 June 2023.
  57. ^ "EuskoPanel (30A): subida de EH Bildu, que roza el 30%. Ligero descenso del PNV". Electomanía (in Spanish). 30 April 2022.
  58. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Marzo 2022)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 4 March 2022.
  59. ^ "PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Ikerfel/Gobierno Vasco [Sociómetro] 04/03/2022: EH BILDU 27,3% (22), EAJ-PNV 39,3% (31), ELKARREKIN PODEMOS-IU 7,0% (4), PSE-EE 14,3% (12), PP+Cs 6,2% (5), VOX 2,7% (1)". Electograph (in Spanish). 4 March 2022.
  60. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Diciembre 2021)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 16 December 2021.
  61. ^ "PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Ikerfel/Gobierno Vasco [Sociómetro] 16/12/2021: EH BILDU 27,5% (23), EAJ-PNV 39,6% (31), ELKARREKIN PODEMOS-IU 6,7% (4), PSE-EE 14,0% (10), PP+Cs 6,7% (6), VOX 2,2% (1)". Electograph (in Spanish). 16 December 2021.
  62. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Octubre 2021)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 8 October 2021.
  63. ^ "PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Ikerfel/Gobierno Vasco [Sociómetro] 08/10/2021: EH BILDU 27,7% (23), EAJ-PNV 39,4% (31), ELKARREKIN PODEMOS-IU 6,8% (4), PSE-EE 13,9% (11), PP+Cs 6,9% (5), VOX 1,9% (1)". Electograph (in Spanish). 8 October 2021.
  64. ^ "EuskoPanel (15S): Vox quedaría fuera del Parlamento Vasco". Electomanía (in Spanish). 15 September 2021.
  65. ^ a b "Elecciones Autonómicas: previsión de voto (Mayo 2021)" (PDF). Basque Government (in Spanish). 28 May 2021.
  66. ^ "PAÍS VASCO. Encuesta Ikerfel/Gobierno Vasco [Sociómetro] 28/05/2021: EH BILDU 27,5% (22), EAJ-PNV 39,0% (31), ELKARREKIN PODEMOS-IU 6,6% (4), PSE-EE 13,6% (10), PP+Cs 7,7% (7), VOX 1,7% (1)". Electograph (in Spanish). 28 May 2021.
  67. ^ a b "EH-Bildu daría el sorpasso al PNV y sería el partido más votado en las elecciones vascas". Diario de León (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  68. ^ "Análisis de microdatos de EITB Focus". EiTB (in Spanish). 15 April 2024.
  69. ^ "La encuesta de EiTB para las elecciones vascas deja a Sumar fuera y Podemos podría ser llave de un gobierno de izquierdas". Diario Red (in Spanish). 21 March 2024.
  70. ^ "EiTB Focus. Enero 2024. Elecciones Autonómicas. CAV". Gizaker. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  71. ^ "ElectoPanel (18ene): la mayoría considera que EH-Bildu ganará pero no gobernará". Electomanía (in Spanish). 18 January 2024.
  72. ^ "Sube el grado de conocimiento de Otxandiano y Pradales, y prácticamente empatan en valoración". EiTB (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
  73. ^ "4 de cada 10 votantes no tienen claro aún a quién desean como lehendakari". EiTB (in Spanish). 22 March 2024.
Other
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  3. ^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
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  21. ^ Rioja Andueza, Iker (30 October 2021). "Eneko Andueza arrasa con un 95% de los votos en las primarias y será el nuevo líder de los socialistas vascos". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 October 2021.
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  30. ^ "Feijóo pide el voto al PP como "única garantía" de que no gobierne EH Bildu y le exige que pida perdón en campaña". El Periódico de España (in Spanish). Bilbao. Europa Press. 5 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
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William X. Kienzle

American novelist This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: William X. Kienzle – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2015) William X. KienzleBornWilliam Xavier Kienzle(1928-09-11)September 11, 1928Detroit, Michigan, U.S.DiedDecember 28, 2000(2000-12-28) (aged 72)West Blo...