2023 Aragonese regional election

2023 Aragonese regional election
← 2019 28 May 2023 Next →
All 67 seats in the Cortes of Aragon
34 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered1,019,050 Green arrow up0.1%
Turnout678,112 (66.5%)
Green arrow up0.3 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Jorge Azcón Javier Lambán Alejandro Nolasco
Party PP PSOE Vox
Leader since 19 December 2021 31 March 2012 23 December 2022
Leader's seat Zaragoza Zaragoza Teruel
Last election 16 seats, 20.9% 24 seats, 30.8% 3 seats, 6.1%
Seats won 28 23 7
Seat change Green arrow up12 Red arrow down1 Green arrow up4
Popular vote 237,817 197,919 75,349
Percentage 35.5% 29.6% 11.2%
Swing Green arrow up14.6 pp Red arrow down1.2 pp Green arrow up5.1 pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader José Luis Soro Tomás Guitarte Maru Díaz
Party CHA Existe Podemos–AV
Leader since 10 February 2012 28 January 2023 27 November 2018
Leader's seat Zaragoza Teruel Zaragoza
Last election 3 seats, 6.3% Did not contest 5 seats, 8.1%
Seats won 3 3 1
Seat change Blue arrow right0 Green arrow up3 Red arrow down4
Popular vote 34,163 33,190 26,923
Percentage 5.1% 5.0% 4.0%
Swing Red arrow down1.2 pp New party Red arrow down4.1 pp
  Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party
 
Leader Álvaro Sanz Alberto Izquierdo Carlos Ortas
Party IU PAR CS–Tú Aragón
Leader since 27 May 2017 10 March 2023 22 March 2023
Leader's seat Zaragoza Teruel Zaragoza (lost)
Last election 1 seat, 3.3% 3 seats, 5.1% 12 seats, 16.7%
Seats won 1 1 0
Seat change Blue arrow right0 Red arrow down2 Red arrow down12
Popular vote 20,959 13,988 8,595
Percentage 3.1% 2.1% 1.3%
Swing Red arrow down0.2 pp Red arrow down3.0 pp Red arrow down15.4 pp
President before election

Javier Lambán
PSOE

Elected President

Jorge Azcón
PP

The 2023 Aragonese regional election was held on Sunday, 28 May 2023, to elect the 11th Cortes of the autonomous community of Aragon. All 67 seats in the Cortes were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in eleven other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

The election saw a victory for the People's Party (PP) which benefitted from the collapse of Citizens (CS). Together with the far-right Vox, the PP was able to command a majority of seats in the Cortes. The previous government, formed by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Podemos, Aragonese Union (CHA) and the Aragonese Party (PAR) under two-term Aragonese president Javier Lambán, fell five seats short of a majority even with the support of United Left (IU). As a result, PP leader Jorge Azcón was able to become new regional president through a coalition with Vox. This coalition government would last until July 2024, when Vox leader Santiago Abascal forced the break up of all PP–Vox governments at the regional level over a national controversy regarding the distribution of unaccompanied migrant minors among the autonomous communities, after which the PP was left in minority.[1]

Overview

Electoral system

The Cortes of Aragon were the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Aragon, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Aragonese Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[2] Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Aragon and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2022 abolished the "begged" or expat vote system (Spanish: Voto rogado), under which Spaniards abroad were required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote.[3] The expat vote system was attributed responsibility for a major decrease in the turnout of Spaniards abroad during the years it had been in force.[4]

The 67 members of the Cortes of Aragon were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Huesca, Teruel and Zaragoza, with each being allocated an initial minimum of 13 seats and the remaining 28 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the seat-to-population ratio in the most populated province did not exceed 2.75 times that of the least populated one).[2][5]

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Cortes constituency was entitled the following seats:[6]

Seats Constituencies
35 Zaragoza
18 Huesca
14 Teruel

In smaller constituencies, the use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.[7]

Election date

The term of the Cortes of Aragon expired four years after the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of Aragon (BOA), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication. The previous election was held on 26 May 2019, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 26 May 2023. The election decree was required to be published in the BOA no later than 2 May 2023, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Assembly on Sunday, 25 June 2023.[2][5][8]

The president had the prerogative to dissolve the Cortes of Aragon and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Cortes were to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.[2]

In November 2021, following emerging speculation on possible snap elections in Andalusia and Castile and León to be called by the spring of 2022,[9] as well as a similar move in the Valencian Community being considered by Valencian president Ximo Puig,[10] it transpired that Lambán had been evaluating the opportunity of a simultaneous early election in Aragon in order to catch the regional People's Party (PP) leaderless and off-guard and to benefit from an improving economic situation.[11] Lambán himself ruled out such possibility on 11 November and maintained that the election would be held in May 2023.[12]

The Cortes of Aragon were officially dissolved on 4 April 2023 after the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOA, setting the election date for 28 May and scheduling for the chamber to reconvene on 23 June.[6]

Parliamentary composition

The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the Cortes at the time of dissolution.[13]

Parliamentary composition in April 2023
Groups Parties Legislators
Seats Total
Socialist Parliamentary Group PSOE 24 24
People's Parliamentary Group in the Cortes of Aragon PP 16 16
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry Parliamentary Group CS 12 12
We Can–Equo Aragon Parliamentary Group Podemos 5 5
Aragonese Union Parliamentary Group CHA 3 3
Vox Parliamentary Group in Aragon Vox 3 3
Aragonese Parliamentary Group PAR 3 3
Mixed Parliamentary Group IU 1 1

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[5][8]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances 		Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Ref.
Votes (%) Seats
PSOE
List
 Javier Lambán Social democracy 30.84% 24 checkY [14]
[15]
[16]
PP
List
  • People's Party (PP)
  • Aragonese People–Aragonese Platform (Aragoneses)
Jorge Azcón Conservatism
Christian democracy 		20.87% 16 ☒N [17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
CS–
Tú Aragón
List
 Carlos Ortas Liberalism 16.67% 12 ☒N [21]
[22]
Podemos–AV
List
 Maru Díaz Left-wing populism
Direct democracy
Democratic socialism 		8.11% 5 checkY [23]
CHA
List
 José Luis Soro Aragonese nationalism
Eco-socialism 		6.26% 3 checkY [24]
Vox
List
 Alejandro Nolasco Right-wing populism
Ultranationalism
National conservatism 		6.08% 3 ☒N [25]
PAR
List
 Alberto Izquierdo Regionalism
Centrism 		5.08% 3 checkY [26]
[27]
IU
List
 Álvaro Sanz Socialism
Communism 		3.32% 1 ☒N [28]
Existe
List
 Tomás Guitarte Localism
Ruralism 		New party ☒N [29]
[30]

In September 2021, citizen collectives of the so-called "Empty Spain" (Spanish: España Vacía or España Vaciada), a coined term to refer to Spain's rural and largely unpopulated interior provinces,[31] agreed to look forward for formulas to contest the next elections in Spain, inspired by the success of the Teruel Existe candidacy (Spanish for "Teruel Exists") in the November 2019 Spanish general election.[32] By December 2021, the platform was seeking to field candidacies in all three Aragonese provinces ahead of the next regional election.[33]

Campaign

Election debates

2023 Aragonese regional election debates
Date Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present[a]  
PSOE PP CS–TA Podemos CHA Vox PAR IU Existe Audience Ref.
15 May Aragón TV Ana Laiglesia P
Lambán 		P
Azcón 		P
Ortas 		P
Díaz 		P
Soro 		P
Nolasco 		P
Izquierdo 		P
Sanz 		P
Guitarte 		10.6% [34]

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Graphical summary

Local regression trend line of poll results from 26 May 2019 to 28 May 2023, with each line corresponding to a political party.

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 34 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Cortes of Aragon.

Color key:

  Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls

Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Preferred President

The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become president of the Government of Aragon.

Predicted President

The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood for each leader to become president.

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 28 May 2023 Cortes of Aragon election results →
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 237,817 35.51 +14.64 28 +12
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 197,919 29.55 –1.29 23 –1
Vox (Vox) 75,349 11.25 +5.17 7 +4
Aragonese Union (CHA) 34,163 5.10 –1.16 3 ±0
Exists Coalition (Existe) 33,190 4.96 New 3 +3
We Can–Green Alliance (Podemos–AV) 26,923 4.02 –4.09 1 –4
United Left of Aragon (IU) 20,959 3.13 –0.19 1 ±0
Aragonese Party (PAR) 13,988 2.09 –2.99 1 –2
Citizens–You Aragon (CS–Tú Aragón) 8,595 1.28 –15.39 0 –12
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)1 3,343 0.50 –0.18 0 ±0
Blank Seats to Leave Empty Seats (EB) 2,860 0.43 +0.21 0 ±0
Federation of Independents of Aragon (FIA) 1,248 0.19 +0.07 0 ±0
Greens Equo (Equo) 1,156 0.17 New 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 878 0.13 +0.05 0 ±0
Lower Cinca Between Everyone (ETXSBC) 541 0.08 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 10,846 1.62 +0.64
Total 669,775 67 ±0
Valid votes 669,775 98.77 –0.56
Invalid votes 8,337 1.23 +0.56
Votes cast / turnout 678,112 66.54 +0.38
Abstentions 340,938 33.46 –0.38
Registered voters 1,019,050
Sources[13][35]
Footnotes:
Popular vote
PP
 
 35.51%
PSOE
 
 29.55%
Vox
 
 11.25%
CHA
 
 5.10%
Existe
 
 4.96%
Podemos–AV
 
 4.02%
IU
 
 3.13%
PAR
 
 2.09%
CS–Tú Aragón
 
 1.28%
Others
 
 1.50%
Blank ballots
 
 1.62%
Seats
PP
 
 41.79%
PSOE
 
 34.33%
Vox
 
 10.45%
CHA
 
 4.48%
Existe
 
 4.48%
Podemos–AV
 
 1.49%
IU
 
 1.49%
PAR
 
 1.49%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency PP PSOE Vox CHA Existe Podemos IU PAR
% S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S
Huesca 35.2 8 30.1 7 10.1 2 5.5 1 3.2 − 3.9 − 2.6 − 3.3 −
Teruel 31.1 5 22.8 4 10.5 1 2.0 − 20.7 3 1.9 − 2.2 − 6.5 1
Zaragoza 36.2 15 30.5 12 11.6 4 5.5 2 3.0 − 4.4 1 3.4 1 1.1 −
Total 35.5 28 29.6 23 11.2 7 5.1 3 5.0 3 4.0 1 3.1 1 2.1 1
Sources[35]

Aftermath

Further information: Government of Jorge Azcón
Investiture
Jorge Azcón (PP)
Ballot → 10 August 2023
Required majority → 34 out of 67 checkY
Yes
36 / 67
No
31 / 67
Abstentions
0 / 67
Absentees
0 / 67
Sources[36]

Notes

  1. ^ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Within Unidas Podemos.
  3. ^ Vote+Simpathy figures with undecided and/or abstentionists excluded.

References

Opinion poll sources
  1. ^ "El PP sería el partido más votado, pero el Gobierno de Aragón dependería otra vez de pactos". CARTV (in Spanish). 28 May 2023.
  2. ^ "Elecciones autonómicas: El PP arrebataría al PSOE la Comunidad Valenciana, Castilla-La Mancha y La Rioja". La Razón (in Spanish). 22 May 2023.
  3. ^ "La España Vaciada decidirá el gobierno de Aragón entre la izquierda o la derecha". Público (in Spanish). 21 May 2023.
  4. ^ "El PP de Azcón derrota al PSOE de Lambán pero deberá pactar con Vox y Aragón Existe para gobernar". OKDiario (in Spanish). 20 May 2023.
  5. ^ "PP y Vox rozan la mayoría absoluta en Aragón y dejan a Lambán en manos de la España vaciada". El Debate (in Spanish). 19 May 2023.
  6. ^ "Más que una encuesta: este partido será clave para decidir gobierno en Aragón". El Plural (in Spanish). 20 May 2023.
  7. ^ "EP Autonómico (20My – Final): nos espera un 28M de infarto". Electomanía (in Spanish). 20 May 2023.
  8. ^ "El PP ganaría las elecciones pero Aragón Existe sería clave para definir el Gobierno". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). 20 May 2023.
  9. ^ "El PP se dispara en Aragón y puede echar a Lambán con apoyo de Vox". El Mundo (in Spanish). 19 May 2023.
  10. ^ "[AUT] ARAGÓN. Encuesta SigmaDos 19/05/2023: PODEMOS 4,5% (2/5), IU 2,5% (1), CHA 6,2% (3), PSOE 32,7% (23/26), AE 3,1% (2/3), PAR 1,8%, CS 1,3%, PP 36,4% (26/28), VOX 9,7% (6/8)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 19 May 2023.
  11. ^ "Lambán en peligro: la derecha lograría la mayoría absoluta si se mantiene la tendencia". El Español (in Spanish). 15 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Todo depende de este partido político en Aragón si acierta el último estudio electoral". El Plural (in Spanish). 13 May 2023.
  13. ^ "ElectoPanel Autonómico (13M)". Electomanía (in Spanish). 13 May 2023.
  14. ^ a b "Empate técnico del PP y PSOE en Aragón: Teruel Existe decidirá el próximo Gobierno". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 9 May 2023.
  15. ^ "En Aragón, este partido decidirá si gobierna el PP o el PSOE según el último estudio electoral". El Plural (in Spanish). 6 May 2023.
  16. ^ "ElectoPanel Autonómico (6M)". Electomanía (in Spanish). 6 May 2023.
  17. ^ a b "Preelectoral elecciones municipales y autonómicas 2023. Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón (Estudio nº 3402. Abril 2023)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 11 May 2023.
  18. ^ "Estimación de voto. Municipios, grandes ciudades y Comunidades Autónomas (Estudio nº 3402. Abril 2023)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 11 May 2023.
  19. ^ "Aragón Existe / clave en un escenario muy apretado". El Plural (in Spanish). 29 April 2023.
  20. ^ "ElectoPanel Autonómico (29A)". Electomanía (in Spanish). 29 April 2023.
  21. ^ "El PP alcanza a Lambán y Aragón Existe tendrá la llave del gobierno regional". elDiario.es (in Spanish). 23 April 2023.
  22. ^ "PP y PSOE amplían su hegemonía y ambos tendrían opciones de gobernar con pactos". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). 23 April 2023.
  23. ^ "Aragón / Subida del PP ante un parlamento muy fragmentado en el que no podría gobernar". El Plural (in Spanish). 22 April 2023.
  24. ^ "ElectoPanel Autonómico (22A)". Electomanía (in Spanish). 22 April 2023.
  25. ^ "Los populares, a siete escaños de la mayoría absoluta en Aragón". La Razón (in Spanish). 17 April 2023.
  26. ^ "ElectoPanel Aragón / La izquierda y partidos regionalistas superan por mucho a la suma de PP y Vox". El Plural (in Spanish). 15 April 2023.
  27. ^ "ElectoPanel Autonómico (15A) – varias CCAA en un puño". Electomanía (in Spanish). 15 April 2023.
  28. ^ a b "Azcón aventaja a Lambán en 4,5 puntos pero Aragón Existe decidiría con sus 6 diputados quién gobierna". El Español (in Spanish). 13 April 2023.
  29. ^ "ElectoPanel Aragón / Aragón Existe decidirá el gobierno de la región". El Plural (in Spanish). 8 April 2023.
  30. ^ "EP Autonómico 8A – comienza el juego". Electomanía (in Spanish). 8 April 2023.
  31. ^ "El PP de Azcón se dispara en Aragón pero un cuatripartito nuevo salvaría a Lambán". El Mundo (in Spanish). 7 April 2023.
  32. ^ "[AUT] ARAGÓN. Encuesta SigmaDos 07/04/2023: PODEMOS 5,7% (3/4), IU 4,0% (1), CHA 5,2% (3), PSOE 31,2% (23/24), AE 4,6% (4/5), PAR 1,8%, CS 3,5% (1), PP 33,4% (25), VOX 9,3% (5/7)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 7 April 2023.
  33. ^ "EP Aragón (31M): Populares y Socialistas empatan en escaños". Electomanía (in Spanish). 31 March 2023.
  34. ^ "El PP ganaría las elecciones en Aragón pero necesitaría el apoyo de Vox y el PAR para gobernar". El Debate (in Spanish). 23 January 2023.
  35. ^ "EP Aragón (31Dic): Aragón Existe y el PAR, decisivos". Electomanía (in Spanish). 31 December 2022.
  36. ^ a b "Macroencuesta sobre tendencias en voto autonómico (Estudio nº 3386. Noviembre-diciembre 2022)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 22 December 2022.
  37. ^ "Estimación de escaños elecciones autonómicas (Estudio nº 3386. Macroencuesta sobre tendencias en voto autonómico)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 22 December 2022.
  38. ^ "Lambán resiste pese al 'sorpasso' del PP y por la incompatibilidad de Vox con todos sus socios". El Mundo (in Spanish). 21 November 2022.
  39. ^ "ARAGÓN. Encuesta SigmaDos 21/11/2022: PODEMOS 8,0% (5/6), IU 3,8% (1), CHA 8,1% (4/5), PSOE 28,5% (20/21), AE 4,4% (2/4), PAR 3,3% (2/3), Cs 1,8%, PP 29,6% (21/23), VOX 10,9% (7/8)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 21 November 2022.
  40. ^ a b "El PP arrebataría hoy Aragón a los socialistas: aventaja en 5 puntos a Lambán pese a no tener aún candidato". El Español (in Spanish). 12 October 2022.
  41. ^ "Un empate técnico de PP y PSOE y la debacle de Cs permitirían a Lambán repetir el cuatripartito en Aragón". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). 12 October 2022.
  42. ^ "EP (Aragón 1Oct): bajada de Aragón Existe y del PSOE. Seguiría un gobierno multipartito". Electomanía (in Spanish). 1 October 2022.
  43. ^ "ElectoPanel Aragón (15My): bajada del PSOE. Aragón Existe desciende ligeramente". Electomanía (in Spanish). 15 May 2022.
  44. ^ "El PP ganaría las elecciones, pero el Gobierno dependerá de pactos con múltiples partidos". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). 23 April 2022.
  45. ^ "EP Aragón (30D): Aragón Existe lograría 7 diputados, alcanzando en escaños a Vox". Electomanía (in Spanish). 30 December 2021.
  46. ^ "EP Aragón (15Ag): empate PP-PSOE con UP y TEx marcando el próximo Gobierno". Electomanía (in Spanish). 15 August 2021.
  47. ^ "El PSOE podría reeditar su cuatripartito en Aragón a pesar de que la debacle de Ciudadanos impulsa al PP". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). 23 April 2021.
  48. ^ "ARAGÓN. Encuesta A+M 23/04/2021: IU 3,8% (1), PODEMOS-EQUO 5,9% (3), CHA 7,2% (5), PSOE 32,7% (25), PAR 4,4% (2), Cs 4,9% (3), PP 31,2% (23), VOX 7,5% (5)". Electograph (in Spanish). 23 April 2021.
  49. ^ "Estimación Marzo 2021. Aragón. Autonómicas 2023". SyM Consulting (in Spanish). 10 March 2021.
  50. ^ "ARAGÓN. Encuesta SyM Consulting 10/03/2021: IU 2,5% (1), PODEMOS-EQUO 6,9% (4), CHA 6,6% (4), PSOE 33,5% (26), PAR 5,4% (3/5), Cs 5,3% (2/4), PP 23,2% (16/17), VOX 12,8% (8/9)". Electograph (in Spanish). 10 March 2021.
  51. ^ "EP Autonómico (15Ag): Teruel Existe sería clave en Aragón, con los dos bloques muy igualados. Múltiple empate en Andalucía". Electomanía (in Spanish). 15 August 2020.
  52. ^ "Estimación Mayo 2020. Aragón. Autonómicas 2023". SyM Consulting (in Spanish). 3 June 2020.
  53. ^ "ARAGÓN. Encuesta SyM Consulting 03/06/2020: IU 2,0%, PODEMOS-EQUO 8,2% (4), CHA 5,7% (3/4), PSOE 28,8% (22/24), PAR 4,8% (3), Cs 7,2% (4), PP 25,4% (19/20), VOX 14,4% (9/11)". Electograph (in Spanish). 3 June 2020.
  54. ^ "EP (17My): Aragón – Lambán sube, y el PP también". Electomanía (in Spanish). 17 May 2020.
  55. ^ "MacroPanel Autonómico (17My): 8 gobiernos para PSOE+, 8 para PP+ y 3 para otros+". Electomanía (in Spanish). 17 May 2020.
  56. ^ a b "Un duelo en la cumbre para liderar Aragón". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). 22 January 2023.
Other
  1. ^ Vera, Joaquín; Sen, Cristina (11 July 2024). "Abascal consuma su amenaza y rompe con el PP en los gobiernos regionales". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Madrid / Barcelona. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d Ley Orgánica 5/2007, de 20 de abril, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de Aragón (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 20 April 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  3. ^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  4. ^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  5. ^ a b c Ley 2/1987, de 16 de febrero, Electoral de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón (Law 2) (in Spanish). 12 February 1987. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  6. ^ a b "Decreto de 3 de abril de 2023, del Presidente de Aragón, por el que se convocan elecciones a las Cortes de Aragón". Boletín Oficial de Aragón (in Spanish) (65): 13633–13634. 4 April 2023. ISSN 2695-3900.
  7. ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  8. ^ a b Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  9. ^ Dávila, Carlos (5 November 2021). "Persistente runrún electoral". El Día de Valladolid (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  10. ^ Hernández, Marisol; Robero, Juanma (14 October 2021). "Puig y Moreno Bonilla se miran de reojo para adelantar las elecciones". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  11. ^ Alonso Giménez, Ángel (6 November 2021). "El botón rojo electoral de Lambán: tres motivos para adelantar elecciones y otros tres en contra". El Periódico de España (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  12. ^ "El presidente de Aragón descarta adelantar las elecciones en la comunidad autónoma" (in Spanish). Zaragoza: Europa Press. 11 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  13. ^ a b "Elecciones a las Cortes de Aragón (desde 1983)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  14. ^ "Lambán presentará su candidatura a la reelección como secretario general del PSOE Aragón la semana próxima" (in Spanish). Zaragoza: Europa Press. 27 August 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  15. ^ "Javier Lambán se presentará a la reelección en 2023". El Periódico (in Spanish). Zaragoza. 19 April 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  16. ^ "Lambán confirma su candidatura para ser reelegido presidente de Aragón en 2023". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). OTR Press. 5 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  17. ^ "Luis María Beamonte no repetirá como presidente del PP de Aragón en el congreso regional de diciembre" (in Spanish). Madrid: Europa Press. 29 October 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  18. ^ Carnicero, Laura (19 December 2021). "Jorge Azcón coge el mando del PP de Aragón y abre una nueva etapa". El Periódico de Aragón (in Spanish). Zaragoza. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  19. ^ Alonso, Jorge (16 December 2022). "Azcón ratifica su pulso a Lambán en las elecciones: "El PP es la única alternativa ante tanto disparate de la izquierda"". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). Zaragoza. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  20. ^ Pérez Sorribes, Eva María (21 March 2023). "El PP en Aragón suma a la plataforma Aragoneses, escindidos del PAR, como grupo independiente". El País (in Spanish). Zaragoza. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  21. ^ Martín, Ignacio (22 March 2023). "Cs designa a Ortas presidente y a Pérez Calvo candidato a Zaragoza". El Periódico de Aragón (in Spanish). Zaragoza. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  22. ^ Alonso, Jorge (13 April 2023). "Cs y Tú Aragón sellan su coalición con el fin de condicionar el próximo Ejecutivo aragonés". Heraldo (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  23. ^ "Maru Díaz, confirmada como candidata de Podemos Aragón para las autonómicas". elDiario.es (in Spanish). 5 November 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  24. ^ Núñez, Rubén Darío (12 November 2022). "CHA proclama a José Luis Soro como candidato a la presidencia de Aragón". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  25. ^ Fuentes, Mónica (23 December 2022). "Alejandro Nolasco, concejal en Teruel, será el candidato de Vox a la Presidencia de Aragón". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  26. ^ "El PAR proclama a Alberto Izquierdo como candidato a la presidencia del Gobierno de Aragón". La Comarca (in Spanish). 10 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  27. ^ "La escisión de Cs se alía con el PAR y aporta una veintena de listas en Zaragoza y Teruel". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). 4 April 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  28. ^ "Álvaro Sanz volverá a encabezar la candidatura autonómica de IU por Zaragoza". Heraldo de Aragón (in Spanish). EFE. 21 November 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  29. ^ "Teruel Existe se presentará a las elecciones municipales y autonómicas". El Periódico de Aragón (in Spanish). 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  30. ^ "Tomás Guitarte, candidato de Teruel Existe a la Presidencia del Gobierno de Aragón". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Teruel. 28 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  31. ^ Rodríguez Martínez, Marta; Abellán Matamoros, Cristina; Amiel, Sandrine (1 April 2019). "The 'Revolt of Empty Spain': Why is Spain's rural world protesting?". Euronews. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  32. ^ Navarro, Juan (20 September 2021). "La España Vacía concurrirá a las elecciones". El País (in Spanish). Valladolid. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  33. ^ Carnicero, Laura (12 December 2021). "La España Vaciada arma su proyecto para presentarse en las tres provincias de Aragón". El Periódico de Aragón (in Spanish). Zaragoza. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  34. ^ "Teruel centra el debate de los candidatos aragoneses en la televisión autonómica". elDiario.es. 17 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  35. ^ a b "Acuerdo de la Junta Electoral de Aragón, de 9 de junio de 2023, por el que se ordena la publicación del resumen de los resultados de las elecciones a las Cortes de Aragón". Boletín Oficial de Aragón (in Spanish) (115). Gobierno de Aragón: 24835–24864. 19 June 2023. ISSN 9941-3256.
  36. ^ Coll, Vicente (10 August 2023). "Jorge Azcón, investido presidente de Aragón en una nueva coalición entre el PP y Vox con el apoyo del PAR". El Mundo (in Spanish). Zaragoza. Retrieved 23 August 2023.

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